Potential in microroughness domain of metal surface employed in cathodic protection mode

This effort presents the results of investigation of cathodic protection process of a section of the main pipeline, which has been operating in cathodic protection mode for a long time and which insulation has completely exfoliated from metal surface, and a cavity between is filled with water and salt impurities. In this case, a decisive factor is a fact that a metal surface is covered with microroughnesses in the form of protrusions with almost conical shape. The surface is immersed in electrolyte. At the electrolyte-metal interface, a potential difference is formed - a corrosion potential, which creates an unstable equilibrium among the potentials of metal and electrolyte. A mathematical model is designed and implemented into a numerical algorithm and computer program. A computational experiment has been carried out to calculate the potential around microroughness. The model describes a change in potential in this area at incomplete and complete cathodic protection of metal surface. The basis of computational model is a selection of one of metal protrusions of material microheterogeneity and placing it in a cylinder, which diameter coincides with that one of the lower base of this protrusion, and its upper part passes through the apex of the protrusion. Mathematical model equations with corresponding boundary conditions and their discrete implementation are presented. The solution of problems is obtained by iterative procedures based on reference values of protective potential taken from practice. The results of computational experiment are presented in the form of graphs: 1) potential distribution in the field of electrolytes; 2) changes in electrolyte potential at the border with protrusion at different values of polarization potential; 3) changes in polarization resistance in the area (calculated). The geometry of computational domain was also varied, and the values of protective potential were determined to ensure the absence of corrosion. Keywords: corrosion, microroughness, protective potential, plastic current density, electrolyte

Microwave cyclotron protective devices for radar receivers

Brief overview of the latest developments of microwave cyclotron protective devices, their functioning and parameters is given. It is noted that these devices have a number of important advantages over other types of protective devices: they are autonomous, provide no peak of microwave power leaking to the output, frequency filtering and low noise figure (0.7-1.2 dB). The upper limit of the linearity of cyclotron protective devices in the signal transmission mode when the transmission coefficient is compressed by 1 dB is ~ 1 mW. The devices can operate with an input pulse power of up to 10 kW or more, while the attenuation of the input power in the protection mode is more than 60-80 dB. The recovery time of parameters after the end of a powerful input pulse is 10-20 ns. For devices of the 3-cm wavelength range, experimental data are given on the recovery time, the upper limit of linearity, attenuation of the input power in the protection mode, and filtration characteristics.

Research on the Development Model of Black Copper Walking on Silver in Vitality Inheritance and Industrialization

"Black Copper Walking on Silver ", the unique copper production process in Yunnan, as an important part of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, its inheritance has far-reaching significance for us to establish cultural confidence and rebuild cultural identity. However, the current development of black copper and silver walking technology is difficult, and the traditional sense of protection has been unable to solve the root problem. Nowadays, the protection of black copper and silver walking skills should break the traditional static single protection mode, combine the traditional inheritance with modern protection, and grasp the intangible cultural heritage elements from the perspective of productive protection. On the basis of objectively analyzing the characteristics and development status, the article effectively connects the living inheritance with industrialization, and explores the new development mode of folk custom industrialization under the live inheritance mode, so as to promote the live inheritance of black copper walking on silver and the common development of folk economy industry.

A new Li-ion battery charger with charge mode selection based on 0.18 um CMOS for phone applications

A new architecture of Li-Ion battery charger with charge mode selection is presented in this work. To ensure high efficiency, good accuracy and complete protection mode, we propose an architecture based on variable current source, temperature detector and power control. To avoid the risk of damage, the Li- Ion batteries charging process must change between three modes of current (trickle current (TC), constant current (CC), and constant voltage (CV)) in order to charge the battery with degrading current. However, the interest of this study is to develop a fast battery charger with high accuracy that is able to switch between charging modes without reducing its power efficiency, and to guarantee a complete protection mode. The proposed charger circuit is designed to control the charging process in three modes using the charging mode selection. The obtained results show that the Li-ion batteries can be successfully charged in a short time without reducing their efficiency. The proposed charger is implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology with a maximum charging current equal to 1 A and a maximum battery voltage equal to 4.22 V, (with input range 2.7-4.5 V). The chip area is 1.5 mm2 and the power efficiency is 90.09 %.

Technostress among marketing employee during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of technology usability and presenteeism

The COVID-19 pandemic is profoundly affecting the way of consumer buying. Firms are therefore challenged to be more reliant on technology as many consumers have turned into protection mode and do anything remotely. While the usage of technology has offered flexibility and simplicity, it has also exacerbated the technostress issue. This study was conducted to understand and examine technology usability and presenteeism that influence technostress during the COVID-19 pandemic situations. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the perceptions of technology characteristics and techno-stress among marketing employees. A total of 262 respondents that classified as marketing employees that are experienced “working from home” during the pandemic, were collected and analyzed by using Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). The results suggest that technology usability has positive influences on techno-complexity and techno-insecurity. Moreover, the negative influences of presenteeism on techno-overload and techno-insecurity were also proved in this study. Interestingly, marketing employees do not see their hyper-connectivity with technology implemented by the company impact their workloads and worries as they consider the current radical changes only temporary and will only last during the pandemic.

Research on Legal Protection of Geographical Indications

With the development of the times, geographical indications have more and more influence on a country’s economy and culture. As a big country of geographical indication resources, China should make use of the benefits of geographical indications to promote economic and cultural development. However, due to the mixed legislative mode of Trademark Act, which includes TrademarkAct,Regulations on the protection of geographical indications andAdministrative measuresfor geographical indications of agricultural products, there are conflicts and confusion in the legal provisions, which is not conducive to the development of geographical indications in China. This paper discusses the protection mode of geographical indications in European Union, the United States and other countries, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of special law protection, Trademark Act protection and anti-unfair competition law protection mode, and puts forward suggestions that China should adopt special law protection to make better use of China’s rich geographical indication resources in the way of strong protection.

REQUIREMENTS FOR PERFORMANCE TESTING OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULES OF FIRE PROTECTION MODE

В статье рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с применением отдельных требований Правил противопожарного режима при проведении проверок работоспособности систем и установок противопожарной защиты зданий и сооружений, которые поступают от граждан и организаций в адрес ФГБУ ВНИИПО МЧС России. На основе разъяснений МЧС России, а также анализа нормативных правовых актов Российской Федерации и нормативных документов по пожарной безопасности, определяющих требования к проведению указанных проверок, специалистами института в целях установления единых правил применения требований пожарной безопасности подготовлен обобщенный информационный материал. Данный материал призван устранить отдельные пробелы в нормативно-правовом регулировании в области пожарной безопасности и неоднозначное толкование некоторых требований Правил противопожарного режима, имеющих отношение к вышеупомянутым проверкам. The article deals with the issues related to the application of certain requirements of the Rules of fire protection mode during performance testing of fire protection systems and installations of buildings and structures. FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia receives the aforesaid issues from citizens and organizations. Based on the explanations of the EMERCOM of Russia, as well as on the analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory documents on fire safety, which establish the requirements for conducting these inspections, specialists of the Institute, in order to establish common rules for applying fire safety requirements, prepared a generalized information material. This material is intended to eliminate certain gaps in the legal regulation in the field of fire safety as well as ambiguous interpretation of certain requirements of the fire regulations related to the above-mentioned inspections.