Application of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Method for Estimating Karst Underground River in Tanjungsari District

Drought is the main problem for clean water needs in Tanjungsari district. This research aims to provide information on the existence of underground river for deep well drilling. The methods used are geologic-structural analysis and application of Very Low Frequency (VLF) methods. Strike and dip measurements of 150 joints were conducted in the research area. Analysis using rosette diagram shows that the main geologic-structure orientation has a direction of Northwest - Southeast and Northeast – Southwest. Very Low Frequency (VLF) acquisition was measured across the possible occurrence of subsurface water flow directions predicted from geologic-structural analysis. The length of the VLF acquisition line is 2500 meters with 30 m spacing and 108 points acquisitions. The direction of VLF line is N 2700 E. The result shows that there are 2 locations that have high conductivity values, appearing at 1800 meters and 2200 meters. The results of this structural and VLF analyses indicate the existence of underground river at the location of 454326 N, 9105870 E.

The effects of printing directions on the compression behavior of the Re-entrant structure produced by 3D printing technology

In this work, a re-entrant structure having a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPRs) was designed and produced with polylactic acid (PLA) using 3D printing technology. A series of samples was prepared with the different printing directions, namely, printed following (PF) the structure orientation, at 0[Formula: see text] (PZ) and at 90[Formula: see text] (PN). Results showed that the printing direction plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of the printed meta-materials. In particular, PF specimens achieved the highest energy absorption at break, which is [Formula: see text]2 times as high as PZ or PN samples. The PF specimens also showed the highest stiffness under compression. However, the Poisson’s ratio was less sensitive to the changes in printing directions. The measured Poisson’s ratios for PF, PZ and PN samples are −1.68, −1.87 and −1.70, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the effects of the printing direction and the geometry configuration of the structure on the deformation behavior of the printed meta-material were further discussed.

Geotechnical structure interpretation from borehole wall imagery at Mamput Block, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

One of the considerations in mining excavation is geotechnical conditions especially structure orientation. Its observations can be done on the surface or through the drill core. However, if there is no free vertical plane on the surface and core observation, then it is difficult to find the direction of dip and strike, which then the televiewer technology is used. This study aims to reveal the structural conditions and to observe the strike and dip of rock layers using the High-Resolution Acoustic Televiewer (HIRAT) apparatus. This apparatus is an accurate and reliable method for recording structural data and has widely used in mining activity. Analysis of the structural conditions was carried out with a reading density of 0.20 m. The observations show that the discontinuity plane is generally trending to Northeast - Southwest, with a dip generally below 30°. The results of the structural interpretation of the borehole have various features that are bedding plane, filled fracture/joint, minor/major open joint, broken zone, and washout. This study gives many advantages especially in preparing data for project feasibility related to excavation, underground tunneling, or other constructions.

Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human skin models: a molecular dynamics study

The possibility of contamination of human skin by infectious virions plays an important role in indirect transmission of respiratory viruses but little is known about the fundamental physico-chemical aspects of the virus-skin interactions. In the case of coronaviruses, the interaction with surfaces (including the skin surface) is mediated by their large glycoprotein spikes that protrude from (and cover) the viral envelope. Here, we perform all atomic simulations between the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human skin models. We consider an "oily" skin covered by sebum and a "clean" skin exposing the stratum corneum. The simulations show that the spike tries to maximize the contacts with stratum corneum lipids, particularly ceramides, with substantial hydrogen bonding. In the case of "oily" skin, the spike is able to retain its structure, orientation and hydration over sebum with little interaction with sebum components. Comparison of these results with our previous simulations of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike with hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces, suggests that the"soft" or "hard" nature of the surface plays an essential role in the interaction of the spike protein with materials.

Types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law

The article investigates and clarifies various approaches to the classification of types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law. The problematic circle is analyzed to determine the terminology, characteristics of the types and types of behavior that provoke the emergence of situations of conflict with the law, presented in the scientific developments of teachers, psychologists, lawyers, criminologists, sociologists. Consideration of various classifications of such behavior is carried out taking into account an interdisciplinary approach. The study clarified the essential characteristics of the category «minors in conflict with the law». The article defines that such a category is formed by persons aged 14 to 18 years who have committed offenses (crimes) and / or are registered in the department (sector) of juvenile justice, or are serving a sentence by a court sentence (associated with imprisonment or alternative punishment). It has been determined that the main prerequisite for the emergence of situations of conflict with the law is the formation of educational difficulties. The article analyzes various classification approaches to distinguishing between types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law. These classifications are based on the following parameters: the basis of types of behavior; socio-psychological aspect; rejection of pedagogical influences; the nature of personal deformities; type of personality criminalization; situationality and repetition of illegal actions; signs of the formation of a criminal personality; determination of behavior; personality structure; orientation of behavior as affective reactions; destructiveness of the motives of behavior. It is proved that knowledge and possession of typological and specific characteristics of the behavior of minors, which provokes the emergence of situations of conflict with the law, is an important theoretical and methodological basis for organizing effective social and legal assistance and providing a high-quality complex of social services to such minors.

Kinetics of Guided Growth of Horizontal GaN Nanowires on Flat and Faceted Sapphire Surfaces

The bottom-up assembly of nanowires facilitates the control of their dimensions, structure, orientation and physical properties. Surface-guided growth of planar nanowires has been shown to enable their assembly and alignment on substrates during growth, thus eliminating the need for additional post-growth processes. However, accurate control and understanding of the growth of the planar nanowires were achieved only recently, and only for ZnSe and ZnS nanowires. Here, we study the growth kinetics of surface-guided planar GaN nanowires on flat and faceted sapphire surfaces, based on the previous growth model. The data are fully consistent with the same model, presenting two limiting regimes—either the Gibbs–Thomson effect controlling the growth of the thinner nanowires or surface diffusion controlling the growth of thicker ones. The results are qualitatively compared with other semiconductors surface-guided planar nanowires materials, demonstrating the generality of the growth mechanism. The rational approach enabled by this general model provides better control of the nanowire (NW) dimensions and expands the range of materials systems and possible application of NW-based devices in nanotechnology.

SPH MODELLING OF TSUNAMI WAVE IMPACT ON LOW-RISE STRUCTURES

This study examines the influence of low-rise structure orientations on tsunami-induced impact force. The particular focus is on low-rise structures since these often make up the majority of building stock in tsunami prone areas and are usually most vulnerable. The meshless method smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used for simulating the tsunami flow. Multiple cube structures named A, B and C were arranged at different angles of rotation and were situated on a flat shore. Four cases were simulated with variation on the number of structures and orientation toward the tsunami direction. Case 1 comprises a single structure (SS) C without rotation (R=0 degrees) and used as the baseline, Case 2 contains multiple structures (MS) A, B and C without rotation (R=0 degrees), Case 3 includes multiple structures (MS) A, B and C with 30 degree rotation (R=30d egrees), and Case 4 consist of multiple structures (MS) A, B and C with 45 degree rotation (R=45 degrees). The simulations show that for a 2-solitary wave train the front structures generated a flow focusing effect that accelerated the bore velocity. The orientation of the multiple structures to the direction of the oncoming tsunami bore significantly affected the magnitude of the applied force, where the most effective structure orientation is provided by the 45-degree rotation. The results of this study emphasize the potential for improving tsunami resilience through appropriate positioning of structures. Importantly, such large reductions in force may provide an economic solution to building resilience in developing countries prone to tsunamis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/WNtyTNzQ7yY

STUDY OF ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE

The interaction conducted by traders with buyers in Kejajar Wonosobo Market intends to reach a final agreement in transaction activities. In the final agreement, there is an interesting thing that needs to be observed, namely the use of certain words that have the influence of the seller on the buyer. The power of influence is a speech that can be understood by speakers and speech partners. The power of influence is known as the act of speech illocution. In this article, the author aims to describe the type and function of illocution speech and its relevance to Indonesian language learning in high school. Based on the results of data analysis found 41 speech data included in the type and function of illocution speech actions carried out by sellers with buyers in Kejajar Wonosobo Market. The data included 7 data on expressive speech types, 17 data on the type of corrective speech directive, 11 data on the type of corrective speech, and 6 data types of commission speech, while the type of declarative illocution speech was not found. In addition, the illocution speech function was found to consist of 17 competitive function data, 13 convivial function data, 11 collaborative function data, while for conflictive illocution speech function was not found. Furthermore, the results of this study were integrated into Indonesian language learning in negotiation text material in high school grade X, in KD 3.11: Analyzing the content, structure (orientation, submission, offer, approval, closing) and language of the negotiating text.