Study of Sulphatizing Roasting Process Using Iron Sulphates for the Treatment of Zinc Leach Residue

The paper presents the results of the investigation of zinc leach residue (ZLR) processing by sulphatizing roasting with iron sulphates FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3 followed by water leaching. The elemental and phase compositions of ZLR of JSC "Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant" were studied. Based on the thermodynamic calculations using HSC Chemistry 9.9 software, the temperature ranges of the sulphatizing roasting and the required amounts of iron sulphate additives for the sulphation of zinc and copper were determined. Subsequent experiments showed that recovery rates of zinc and copper reached 99.5% and 89.1% respectively, while iron remained in the leached residue. The results have indicated a high efficiency of sulphatizing roasting to transform zinc and copper contained in ZLR from ferrite to water-soluble sulphate.

Reasons of Blooming on Light Clinker Paving Bricks

The paper presents the results of the research for the reasons of the formation of a brownish bloom on a light clinker brick during its operation. In the work course, the clinker bricks, their mineralogical composition, the nature of the secondary brick coloring and the base materials were tested during bricklaying. It was established that 2 factors caused incrustation. Firstly, the site on which the clinker brick was laid was characterized by a level of alkali soil water close to the surface, and the surface evaporation prevailed over the soil absorption in the warm period of the year. That is all soil water-dissolved salts migrated to the surface of the brick along well-permeable sand joints between the bricks. Secondly, ferrous minerals, including hematite, which was subjected to hydration with the formation of iron hydroxides, and also reacted with sulphates of groundwater with the formation of iron sulphates, were found in the foundation under the brick. This confirms the higher sulfur content in incrustation areas and the presence of a film similar to crystalline hydrates. The analysis of the research allowed us to develop the recommendations for the performance of paving various types of sites with clinker bricks, to develop measures to eliminate an existing bloom, and also to defend the “honor and dignity” of light bricks.

A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF INSULIN MEDICINAL PLANTS Costus spicatus- JACQ.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic pharmacognostical characters of Costus spicatus flower extract along with their Phytochemical screening of physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence and Vitamins analysis. Methods: The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of Costus spicatus flower extract constant, fluorescence analysis and Preliminary phytochemical investigation. Result: Plant products are believed to more preferable due to less toxicity, economic and better patient compliance. Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in minute amounts designed for growth and activity of the body. The term also means that vitamins can be destroyed and become unable to perform their functions inour bodies. The phytochemical report of the plant exposed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, phenols, tannins, glycosides and steroids as organic phytoconstituents. Every constituent plays an important role and deficiency of any one constituent may lead to abnormal developments in the body. Plants are rich source of all the elements essential for human being. Qualitative analysis of various inorganic elements revealed the presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Iron, sulphates and phosphates. Conclusion: The present study of good source of Costus spicatus may be useful for human health associated emerging diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, vitamins, Costus spicatus, physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence analysis

A Thermodynamic Analysis on the Roasting of Pyrite

A series of thermodynamic calculations are performed for the roasting of pyrite in changing temperatures and atmospheres. The relationship between ΔrGθ and temperature in the range of T = 300–1200 K shows that, depending on the atmosphere it is in, reactions of pyrolysis, oxidation or reduction can occur. Both the pyrolysis of pyrite in an inert atmosphere and its oxidation by oxygen can form pyrrhotite (mainly Fe0.875S and FeS), but the temperature required for oxidation is much lower than that for pyrolysis. In an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the isothermal predominance areas for the Fe–S–O system indicate that a change in temperature and oxygen partial pressure can lead the pyrite to undergo desulphurization to pyrrhotite (FeS2 → Fe0.875S/FeS) or iron oxides (FeS2 → Fe3O4/Fe2O3), or sulphation to iron sulphates (FeS2 → FeSO4/Fe2(SO4)3). The presence of carbon is beneficial to the desulphurization of pyrite under an oxidizing atmosphere since iron sulphates can be converted to iron oxides at very low levels of PCO/PCO2. Results presented in this paper offer theoretical guidance for the optimization of roasting of pyrite for different purposes.

By Using FE-Fe2O3 Galvanic Pair in Sulphate Solution for Obtaining of a Chemical Source of a Current

In this article was given the results of research of electrochemical system on a basis of iron and iron oxide (Fe2O3) which can be used for obtaining of a chemical source of a current (CSC). Use of the given system does not suggest the application of expensive and ecologically harmful active substances. Electromotive force of a source of a current it was investigated in a water solution of iron sulphates, at a room temperature, in absence of external loading.

Analysis of Sediments on Iron Gall Inks in Manuscripts / Analyse von Ablagerungen auf Eisengallustinten in historischen Manuskripten / Analyse de sédiments sur les encres ferro-galliques dans les manuscrits anciens

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is an efficient tool to analyse deposits on iron gall inscriptions that appear on historic documents. Deposits look like white powder or whitish crystals under a microscope. Crystals show cubic or needle shapes with sizes below 20 μm. Mapping infrared spectroscopy in addition allows the selective identification of mixed deposits. Selective analysis of different inorganic oxalates is possible in four regions of the mid-infrared spectrum, thus avoiding interferences with bands of other compounds present. Calcium, potassium and iron oxalates, further calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, basic iron sulphates and iron ammonium sulphate were identified on samples taken from selected manuscripts. The results enabled to establish a correlation of ink composition and the observed intensity of ink corrosion.