PEMBUATAN BUBUR INSTAN BERAS MERAH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI GIZI MP ASI

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the effect of brown rice flour (Oryza nivara) and red bean flour (Vigna angularis L) formulations on organoleptic assessment, iron content, and proximate values of breast milk substitute. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five levels of red bean flour addition (B0 = 0%, B1 10%, B2 = 20%, B3 = 30%, and B4 = 40%). Data analysis was carried out using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and then followed with Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The best result was obtained by B2 treatment (addition of 20% red bean flour) with assessment scores of color, aroma, taste, and texture reached 4.17 (like), 4.13 (like), 3.90 (like), and 3.96 (like), respectively. The selected treatment contained 11.53% water, 1.28% ash, 15.9% fat, 3.295% protein, 35.43% carbohydrate, and 1.341% iron. The results show that the addition of red bean flour had a very significant effect on the organoleptic improvement of color, aroma, and texture, and significantly increased the organoleptic characteristics of taste. The organoleptic assessment result shows that the product was favored by the panelists. Instant brown rice porridge with the addition of red bean flour met the standard of SNI No. 01-7111.1-2005 for fat, ash, and protein contents.Keywords: red rice flour instant porridge, red bean flour, nutritional value, iron.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh formulasi tepung beras merah (Oryza nivara) dan tepung kacang merah (Vigna angularisL) terhadap penilaian organoleptik, kandungan zat besi, dan nilai proksimat makanan pendamping ASI. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 jenis perlakuan yaitu penambahan tepung kacang merah yaitu (B0 = 0%, B1 10%, B2 = 20%, B3 = 30% dan B4 = 40%). Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analysis of varian (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian terbaik bubur instan berbasis tepung beras merah yaitu perlakuan B2 (penambahan tepung kacang merah 20%) dengan skor penilaian terhadap warna sebesar 4,17 (suka), aroma sebesar 4,13 (suka), rasa sebesar 3,90 (suka), tekstur sebesar 3,96 (suka), kadar air sebesar 11,53%, kadar abu sebesar 1,28%, kadar lemak sebesar 15,9%, kadar protein sebesar 3,295% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 35,43%, zat besi 1,341%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penambahan tepung kacang merahberpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap peningkatan organoleptik warna, aroma, dan tekstur, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap penimgkatan karakteristik organoleptik rasa bubur instanberbasis tepung beras merah terbaik, penilaian organoleptik dapat diterima dan disukai oleh panelis. Bubur instan beras merah dengan penambahan tepung kacang merah untuk kadar lemak, abu, dan protein telah memenuhi standar SNI No. 01-7111.1-2005.Kata kunci: Bubur instan tepung beras merah, tepung kacang merah, nilai gizi, zat besi

Latin American Considerations for Infant and Young Child Formulae

Infant formula is the only acceptable substitute for breastmilk from 0 to 6 months old when human milk cannot be provided in sufficient amounts. Manufacturers have developed options that intend to meet the changing needs of the child aged from six to twelve months (follow-on formulae) and after the age of one year (young child formulae). The international code for marketing breast milk substitute stipulates standards for marketing practices of these products. In Latin America there are local variations of marketing practices. Novel marketing strategies such as advertising through social media and influencers pose new threats for breastfeeding success in Latin America. This review aims to examine variations in local regulations for marketing of infant formulae and to analyze the emerging phenomenon of influencer advertising. We reviewed the local norms for Latin American countries and examined differences and possible gaps. Emerging evidence of influencer marketing was explored. The results indicate that national regulations differ among Latin American countries, particularly with respect to product labelling and the requirement to use a local native language, highlighting the cost of the product, and different regulations prohibiting certain messages and illustrations. Regarding new marketing strategies, there is limited evidence on advertising infant formula through social media influencers, where different categories of marketing strategies can be described. More transparent reporting of social marketing by formula providers and more independent research on novel marketing strategies are needed.

Gastrointestinal forms of allergic diseases, which are accompanied by hemorrhagic colitis syndrome, in young children

The article discusses the problem of the spread of allergic diseases among young children. Infant gastrointestinal disorders, caused by a range of allergens, but most often by exposure to cow’s milk proteins, are one of the most frequent and at the same time most difficult clinical problems for the pediatrician. Particular attention in this article is paid to the so-called non-IgE-mediated forms of allergy to cow’s milk proteins, that is, to such forms of allergy in which the epithelium of the child’s digestive tract is damaged in the absence of any skin and/or respiratory manifestations. Some of these forms of allergy are accompanied by hemorrhagic colitis syndrome, which is an alarming signal, or the so-called “red flag”, for pediatricians and family doctors, and which requires attention, differential diagnosis and competent adequate therapy. An essential (and in some cases the only) component of such therapy is elimination of the allergen from the diet of a child or a nursing mother and/or the use of a breast milk substitute that does not contain a causative allergen. To this end, according to the guidelines of the European Academy of Allergo­logy and Clinical Immunology, it is proposed to use in formula-fed children either extensively hydrolyzed formulas as the first choice formulas, or amino acid formulas, but only with intolerance of extensively hydrolyzed formulas.

Predictors of breastfeeding practices among mothers in a developing African country – A tertiary facility based study in Calabar, Nigeria

Introduction: Breastfeeding is essential for optimum childhood development. Although there is an increased awareness of the importance of breast milk, the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey of 2018 showed that less than one-third (29%) of mothers in Nigeria practice exclusive breastfeeding. This may be attributed to several factors, hence the need for this study to assess the indicators and predictors of breastfeeding practices among mothers in a tertiary facility in Calabar, Cross River State. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Consenting mothers of children aged six weeks to two years were sequentially recruited into the study using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A test of association of categorical variables was done using Chi square test and pvalue was set at 0.05. Results: One hundred and twenty one children and their mothers were surveyed. Mean age of children was 6.2±3.8months and mothers was 28±25years. Exclusive breastfeeding rate for six months was 67.8%.Timely breastfeeding within one hour of life was 44.6%,ever breastfed rate was 86%. Practice of giving water alongside breast milk and use of breast milk substitute was 18.2% and 14.0% respectively. Mothers age was significantly associated with practice of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.014) and giving water alongside breast milk (p=0.005) while birth order was associated with timely commencement of breastfeeding within one hour of life (p=0.022). Conclusion: The ever breastfed and exclusive breastfeeding rates were fairly high. However, the timely first suckling rate, increased use of breast milk substitute and giving of water alongside breast milk in the first six months of life were low. There is the need for continuous health education of mothers.

Addressing NCDs: Protecting Health From Trade and Investment Law Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences"

Building on Tangcharoensathien and colleagues’ description of four tactics used by the tobacco, alcohol, processed food, and breast milk substitute industries to interfere with the development and implementation of health policies, we present a fifth tactic: trade and investment disputes. We describe recent examples of trade and investment claims filed by the tobacco industry to challenge plain packaging legislation, which may serve as a model for future claims by this and other industries. Next, we clarify specific areas of potential conflict between non-communicable disease (NCD) control policies and trade and investment agreement (TIA) commitments, identifying possible vulnerabilities that may be exploited by industry to challenge the legality of these policies. We conclude with ideas to strengthen the position of health policies vis-à-vis commitments in TIAs.

Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Indonesia context

ObjectivesTo measure compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (‘the Code’) in Indonesia.DesignThe study was a cross-sectional survey using the Interagency Group on Breastfeeding Monitoring protocol.SettingPublic and private health facilities in six provinces on Java island in Indonesia.SubjectsA total of 874 women (382 pregnant women and 492 breast-feeding mothers of infants below 6 months) and seventy-seven health workers were recruited from eighteen participating health facilities. The study also analysed a total of forty-four labels of breast-milk substitute products, twenty-seven television commercials for growing-up milk (for children >12 months) of nine brands and thirty-four print advertisements of fourteen brands.ResultsThe study found that 20 % of the women had received advice and information on the use of breast-milk substitutes and 72 % had seen promotional materials for breast-milk substitutes. About 15 % reported receiving free samples and 16 % received gifts. Nearly a quarter of the health workers confirmed receiving visits from representatives of breast-milk substitute companies. Two health workers reported having received gifts from the companies. The most common labelling violations found were statements or visuals that discouraged breast-feeding and the absence of mention about the consideration of local climate in the expiration date.ConclusionsViolations of the Code by health workers, breast-milk substitute companies and their representatives were found in all provinces studied. A regular monitoring system should be in place to ensure improved compliance with and enforcement of the Code.

Regulating the Nutritional Adequacy of Infant Formula in the United States

Infant formula must be not only safe but also effective in doing what it is supposed to do, meaning it must be nutritionally adequate. Regulatory agencies have given a great deal of attention to the safety of infant formula, but they have not given enough attention to the issue of nutritional adequacy. In 1981, the Codex Alimentarius Commission said, “Infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months . . .” However, in new rules published in June 2014, the only functional test of infant formula required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was to require research as whether infant formula led to adequate physical growth. The research is to be done by the manufacturers. The FDA issued no clear guidance on how the research findings were to be assessed and used. The FDA could do much more to ensure that parents, healthcare workers, and relevant government agencies know how different methods of infant feeding compare in relation to their nutritional adequacy.