The Alternative Concepts of Blasphemy Law in Indonesia: Legal Comparison with Ireland and Canada

<p>This study explores the future implementation of blasphemy law in Indonesia. This research suggests some recommendations for Indonesian blasphemy law by looking at different blasphemy policy options in Ireland and Canada. This research will focus on the principle of legal certainty. Legal certainty is an essential aspect for criminal law to avoid state arbitrariness and to have predictability. The results of this research indicate that some aspects of Indonesian blasphemy law may be reconstructed in five ways: expanding the protected religions to include the minority religions, defining explicit limitations, specifying <em>mens</em><em> </em><em>rea </em>element, measuring the ‘threat to public’ elements, and more professional law enforcement officers. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Blasphemy; Indonesia; Ireland; Canada; Comparative.</p>

Geochemical characteristics and water pollution by Potentially Toxic Elements at the Varatec creek, Baiut mining area, Romania.

&lt;p&gt;This study provides an identification and evaluation of the Potentially Toxic Element (PTE) (Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni) sources, speciation, mobility, distribution patterns, enrichment, and relationships along the Varatic Creek and its tributaries in the Baiut Mining Area, Romania. ICP-OES trace element concentrations were measured in collected samples. The geochemical characterization of the Varatec Creek revealed that the water contains high dissolved metals, high sulfate concentrations, and low pH values, dominated by Ca&lt;sup&gt;+2&lt;/sup&gt; and SO&amp;#8324;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; cation and anion in streamwater.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The calculated median concentrations were much higher than&amp;#160; the average surface water concentrations in Europe (FOREGS) and decreased in the order of Zn(126.2&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt;&gt;Cu(3.4&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt;Ni(1.6&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)=Cd(1.6&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt;Co(0.5&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt;Pb(0.3&amp;#956;g.l&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). The relative variability (MAD/median) follow the order Cd(90%)&gt;Co(80%)=Zn(80%)&gt;Cu(60%)=Ni(60%)&gt;Pb(50%). The regional enrichment factor calculated as the Median/FOREGS&lt;sub&gt;(European level)&lt;/sub&gt; follow the order Cd(156)&gt;&gt;Zn(47)&gt;&gt;Cu(3.8)&gt;Pb(3)=Co(3)&gt;Ni(0.9).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Element distribution, geochemical behavior and source, aqueous speciation modeling, and correlation analysis were performed to estimate the metal sorption to Fe-oxyhydroxide, Mn-oxyhydroxide, and sulfates. Detailed data analysis, reaction modelling and geochemical interpretation revealed two distinct groups of PTEs in the studied mining-impacted streamwater: Ni and Co seem to be associated with the geochemical background, while Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu are originating from mining activities.&lt;/p&gt;

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L) MENDUKUNG KAWASAN MANDIRI ENERGI DI NUSA PENIDA, BALI

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan listrik di daerah terpencil dan<br />pulau-pulau kecil, pemerintah meluncurkan kebijakan pengembangan desa<br />mandiri energi. Di Nusa Penida, salah satu kawasan di Bali yang terdiri<br />atas 3 pulau kecil, program mandiri energi dirancang dalam bentuk desa<br />wisata energi yang diwujudkan dengan pengembangan tanaman jarak<br />pagar (Jatropha curcas L) sebagai penghasil bahan bakar nabati (BBN)<br />untuk subtitusi bahan bakar pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel (PLTD).<br />Analisis kebijakan pengembangan tanaman jarak pagar mendukung<br />kawasan mandiri energi Nusa Penida dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2007-<br />April 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengkaji kesesuaian lahan<br />dan iklim Nusa Penida untuk pengembangan tanaman jarak, dan (2)<br />melakukan analisis kelayakan finansial usahatani jarak pagar. Kesesuaian<br />lahan dan iklim dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan kelayakan finansial<br />dianalisis berdasarkan kriteria investasi : NPV, B/C, dan IRR. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan karakteristik iklim, wilayah<br />Nusa Penida termasuk ke dalam kriteria sesuai (S2) untuk pengembangan<br />tanaman jarak pagar. Unsur iklim yang menjadi pembatas adalah<br />ketersediaan air terutama pada bulan-bulan Agustus, September, dan<br />Oktober yang merupakan puncak musim kemarau, sehingga waktu panen<br />hanya berlangsung pada bulan Maret-Juli. Peran minyak jarak pagar<br />mensubstitusi solar sebagai bahan bakar PLTD selain ditentukan oleh<br />waktu panen, juga tergantung kepada harga biji jarak pagar yang dapat<br />memberikan insentif bagi petani untuk mengembangkan tanaman tersebut.<br />Usahatani jarak pagar layak dikembangkan pada tingkat harga minimum<br />Rp 2.000/kg biji di tingkat petani.<br />Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., kesesuaian lahan dan iklim, kelayakan<br />finansial</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Physic Nut Jatropha curcas Development to Support<br />Local Self-sufficient Energy in Nusa Penida, Bali<br />To fulfill the electricity requirement in remote areas and small<br />islands, Indonesian government runs the self-sufficient energy village<br />program. In Nusa Penida, an area that consists of three islands in Bali<br />Province, the program is run by developing Energy Tourism Area (ETA).<br />In this program, physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) was planted in the ETA<br />and the seeds will be used for bio-diesel to substitute diesel power<br />electricity generator fuel. A policy analysis of developing Jatropha curcas<br />plantation in the ETA has been done in the period of October 2007 to April<br />2008. The objectives of this research are : (1) to analyze the land and<br />climate suitability for planting physic nut, and (2) to analyze financial<br />feasibility of physic nut farming. The land and climate suitability analyzed<br />by descriptive method. Financial feasibility analyzed by investment<br />criteria : NPV, B/C ratio, and IRR. The result shows that the land and<br />climate in Nusa Penida is suitable (S2) for planting physic nut. The crucial<br />element of the climate is the availability of the water during dry season in<br />August, September and October. The harvest season is in March to July.<br />The role of physic nut as a source for bio-diesel is influenced by the<br />harvest time and the price of physic nut seeds. A good price will lead the<br />farmer to maintain and develop their jatropha plantation.<br />Key words : Jatropha curcas L., land and climate suitability, financial<br />feasibility</p>

Illumination Estimation for Nature Preserving low-light image enhancement

<div>In this paper, we proposed a new low-light image enhancement</div><div>approach to overcome the above limitations. The</div><div>proposed algorithm is named as Nature Preserving Lowlight</div><div>Image Enhancement (NPLIE). NPLIE estimates initial</div><div>illumination and performs optimal refinement. The proposed</div><div>algorithm computes the reflectance component through an</div><div>element-wise division of input image by illumination. The enhanced image is obtained as a product of adjusted illumination and reflectance component. In this work, we estimate initial</div><div>illuminance from structure-aware smoothening of a low-light</div><div>image using guided filters of variable box sizes. We compute</div><div>refined illumination by solving the proposed multi-objective</div>

Illumination Estimation for Nature Preserving low-light image enhancement

<div>In this paper, we proposed a new low-light image enhancement</div><div>approach to overcome the above limitations. The</div><div>proposed algorithm is named as Nature Preserving Lowlight</div><div>Image Enhancement (NPLIE). NPLIE estimates initial</div><div>illumination and performs optimal refinement. The proposed</div><div>algorithm computes the reflectance component through an</div><div>element-wise division of input image by illumination. The enhanced image is obtained as a product of adjusted illumination and reflectance component. In this work, we estimate initial</div><div>illuminance from structure-aware smoothening of a low-light</div><div>image using guided filters of variable box sizes. We compute</div><div>refined illumination by solving the proposed multi-objective</div>

ORNAMEN ISLAM PADA BANGUNAN ARSITEKTUR MASJID DIAN AL MAHRI KUBAH EMAS DEPOK

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong></strong><br />In the teachings of Islam the sources of the Qur’an and the Hadith are basically no rules governing the building of the Mosque other than the terms of the place that can be used in performing the Prayer, but on the other hand many Mosques are adaptive in the form of ornaments. as well as local value systems. The form of ornament that is a decorative<br />element of a building is often directly related to the times and culture of the community. In terms of the ornament of the Mosque does not escape the Islamic law that is found in the Hadith and the Quran. This is the focus of this study. The method used is a descriptive qualitative beginning of the field. The results show that the shape of the ornament in the Dian Al Mahri Mosque is no indication of the animal ornament, so the ornamentation of the Mosque is acceptable to Muslims especially in Jakarta and its surroundings.<br /><br /><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p><strong></strong>Di dalam ajaran agama Islam yang bersumberkan Al Qur’an dan Hadist pada dasarnya tidak terdapat aturan yang secara langsung mengatur mengenai bangunan Masjid selain syarat-syarat tempat yang dapat dipakai dalam melaksanakan Sholat, namun di sisi lain banyak Masjid yang bersifat adaptif dengan memasukkan bentuk ornamen serta sistem nilai setempat (lokal). Bentuk ornamen yang merupakan elemen dekorasi pada suatu bangunan sering kali berkaitan langsung dengan zaman dan budaya masyarakat. Dalam hal ornamen pada Masjid tidak lepas dari hukum Islam yang tertuang dalam Hadis dan Al Quran. Hal demikianlah yang menjadi pusat perhatian dalam penelitian ini.<br />Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang dimulai dari lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk ornamen pada bangunan Masjid Dian Al Mahri tidak terdapat indikasi yang menunjukkan ornamen binatang, sehingga ornamentasi pada Masjid tersebut dapat diterima oleh umat muslim terutama di Jakarta dan sekitarnya.<br /><br /></p>

SALAH SANGKA DAN PENIPUAN PADA PASAL 27 AYAT (2) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 JO. PASAL 72 AYAT (2) KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PERKAWINAN

<p>Abstract <br />This article aims to examine the correlation about the misunderstood and deception in the in Article 27 <br />paragraph (2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 Jo Article 72 paragraph (2) Compilation of Islamic Law on Marriage. <br />This research is descriptive with qualitative approach which is empirical research. The type of data used <br />is the primary data obtained directly from the study sites and secondary data obtained from the literature <br />materials. Technique of collecting data by interview and document study or library materials.Based on the <br />results of research and discussion, the scope of misclassified into two that is a mistake that there is no <br />element of deliberate and misconceived that there are elements of deliberate. Misunderstandings can be <br />interpreted with a misunderstanding between the bride, but for fraud can be interpreted because of the <br />falsification of identity between husband or wife. Fraud is part of a misunderstanding, but misunderstanding <br />does not necessarily include fraud.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji korelasi tentang ruang lingkup salah sangka dan penipuan pada <br />Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 Jo Pasal 72 ayat (2) Kompilasi Hukum Islam <br />tentang Perkawinan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif dengan <br />pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari <br />lokasi penelitian dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari bahan pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian <br />dan pembahasan, ruang lingkup salah sangka digolongkan menjadi dua, yaitu salah sangka yang tidak <br />terdapat unsur kesengajaan dan salah sangka yang terdapat unsur kesengajaan. Salah sangka dapat <br />diartikan dengan kesalah pahaman antara kedua mempelai, namun untuk penipuan dapat diartikan <br />karena adanya pemalsuan identitas antara suami atau istri. Penipuan merupakan bagian dari salah <br />sangka, tetapi salah sangka belum tentu termasuk dari penipuan,perkawinan.<br /><br /></p>

CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR TIMBER FRACTURE USED FOR FE SIMULATION OF LVL ARCH

Non-linear finite element simulation of four-point bending test of a small-size arch is described in this paper. The arch of 780mm span is made of Yellow Poplar (<em>Liriodendron tulipifera</em>) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and it is manufactured with a through crack parallel to fibers in the middle of its crown. 2D homogeneous orthotropic constitutive model of tensile and shear fracture in timber that has been recently developed and implemented into ATENA^® element software by the authors is used for the numerical calculation. Both standard and compact tension (CT) test results are used for the material model calibration. Results show that the model successfully reproduces the increasing part of the load-displacement response. Furthermore, the model can capture the most distinctive features of the crack pattern.

PENYIMPANGAN FUNGSI DAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM SEBAGAI PEDOMAN HIDUP DALAM BERMASYARAKA

<p>Pancasila has become the agreement of the Indonesian people as the basis of the<br />Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, but in its implementation efforts<br />experience various obstacles both internal and external. Pancasila as a view of the<br />nation's life needs to be implemented in real life, this has been exemplified by the<br />founding fathers of the nation through hard work and struggle to produce Indonesian<br />independence. Concern for the legal conditions that are in favor so far from the<br />element of justice makes the mind interested in discussing whether the values taught<br />by Pancasila are still heeded or ignored. Pancasila which is the nation's ideology as<br />a view of life and the foundation in the activities of society, nation and state is<br />impressed only to be memorized without application, including in the field of law. The<br />quality of the state which is the benchmark for safeguarding the nation's ideology is<br />eagerly awaited to control the implementation of a just law based on the noble values<br />of Pancasila. Pancasila as the basis of the State is based as a source of law in<br />Indonesia. All laws and regulations must be an elaboration of the principles<br />contained in Pancasila. All laws and regulations that are not in accordance with<br />Pancasila, are null and void. Therefore, to be able to understand the accuracy of laws<br />and regulations, it is necessary to understand the concepts, principles and values<br />contained in Pancasila. Pancasila as the basis of the state is implemented to be a<br />legal norm that is compelling, binding and sanctions.</p>

GLOBALISASI DAN PEMETAAN KEKUATAN STRATEGIS PERTAHANAN MARITIM INDONESIA DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN TRANSNASIONAL: Berdasarkan Analisis Model Element of National Power: (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, and Information/PMESII)

<p>Arus globalisasi saat ini jelas memberikan ruang gerak yang semakin bebas bagi ancaman untuk masuk dan mengganggu keamanan nasional. Indonesia yang merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar tidak boleh menutup mata terhadap ancaman yang sudah didepan mata yang dapat masuk melalui jalur-jalur perairan strategisnya. Peningkatan kapasitas kekuatan pertahanan maritim menjadi kunci bagi pemerintah untuk terus mengawal langkah Indonesia kedepan dalam menghadapi rangkaian perubahan lingkungan strategis, baik dalam skala regional maupun global. Proyeksi pembangunan kekuatan maritim perlu diberikan prioritas utama untuk menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara poros maritim dunia yang dipandang negara-negara internasional. Pada akhirnya, Indonesia akan memiliki posisi tawar yang strategis dalam pergaulan internasional apabila mampu membangun kekuatan maritimnya.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong><strong> </strong>pertahanan, globalisasi, ancaman transnasional, <em>element of national power</em></p>