REGENERASI SEL LIGAMEN PERIODONTAL DENGAN KOLAGEN SISIK IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Background : Regeneration of periodontal ligament cells with tilapia scales collagen (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the therapies that can be used in the field of periodontics. This review aims to explain the mechanism of periodontal ligament cell regeneration using tilapia scales (Oreochromis niloticus) collagen.Methods : Literature collection is done by selecting journals or articles through PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar based on keywords that match the author's criteria.Results : Regeneration of cells using collagen from tilapia scales can be used by using a bone graft technique because fish collagen contains calcium and phosphate that resembles human, namely hydroxyapatite (HAP). Fish scales are an alternative source of type I collagen and have the potential to be an alternative material for bone graft.Conclusions : Regeneration of periodontal ligament cells using tilapia scale collagen can be done using bone graft techniques. Fish scales have many benefits apart from having almost the same content as humans as well as materials that are still easy to obtain and a more economical price to use. The authors suggest that the researchers further conduct further research on the preparation of tilapia scales so that they can be applied in tissue engineering actions in the field of periodonsia.

Characteristics of acid and pepsin solubilized collagens from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scale

In Thailand, the production of tilapia is about 140,000 tons, which is the sixth tilapia production in the world. From the processing, the scale was generated as waste. To produce a value-added product, the production of collagen from tilapia scale could be an alternative. Generally, collagen from fish scale possesses a less fishy odor and flavor than that from fish bone and skin. From the results, the fish scale is an interesting alternative source for collagen extraction. The objectives of this study were to extract collagen from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scale from the production of frozen tilapia fillet as well as to study its properties. Extraction of acid (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagens (PSC) from Nile tilapia scale, as well as the determination of their yield, amino acid compositions, SDS-PAGE patterns, FTIR spectra, thermal denaturation temperature (Tmax) and zeta potential, was conducted. ASC and PSC had a yield of 0.77 and 0.71% based on dry basis), respectively. The major amino acid found in both collagens was glycine (322-332 residues/1000 residues). Also, they had a high amount of imino acid (199-205 residues/1000 residues). Based on SDS-PAGE pattern, both collagens were classified as type I collagen ((α1)2α2-heterotrimer). The similar FTIR spectra of both collagens were found. Their amide peaks had no shift in wavenumber. ASC and PSC had Tmax of 36.15 and 34.70 °C, respectively. From zeta potential analysis, ASC and PSC had the zero of net chart at pH 5.09 and 5.84, respectively. Based on the characteristics of the collagen, the scale could be an alternative source for collagen production, however their yield should be improved to serve as a potential source for further application.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Hasil Perikanan: Lem Ikan Berbahan Baku Sisik Ikan yang Berbeda

Fishery processing industry such as fillet fish and boneless milkfish which are increasing rapidly raises new problem, that is industrial waste which one of them is fish scales. Fish scales in the know contain collagen which can be used as adhesive or glue and can be one of the innovations for waste processing of scales. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different fish scales on quality of fish glue from three different types of fish scales. The material used in this study is the scales of fish Seabass (Lates calcarifer), nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and milkfish (Chanos chanos Forks), acetic acid, NaOH, and aquadest. The research method used is experimental laboratories using Completely Randomized Design with treatment of three different types of fish scales with three repetitions each. The results obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance, stickiness value, wood surface damage, viscosity, pH and water content of fish glue. To know the difference between treatments, the data were analyzed with real honest difference analysis. The results of this study showed that fish scales differed significantly (P <0.05) on all analysis, but not pH of fish glue. Based on the results of this study that meets the Indonesian National Standard no. 06-6049-1999 on Quality Requirements of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion For Wood Working Adhesives, Seabass fish scales is the best fish glue with quality: stickiness value 8.64 N/mm2, 40.47 % wood surface damage, viscosity 7.68 poise, pH 4.80, and water content of 59.92 %. Keywords: Fish glue; Milkfish Scale; Nile Tilapia Scale; Seabass Scale

Effects of Particle Sizes and Natural Polymers on Mechanical Properties of Alpha Tricalcium Phosphate Cements

ABSTRACTCalcium phosphate cements show self-hardening reaction upon mixing with liquids to form calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. The effects of particle sizes, crystallinities, and natural polymers such as tilapia scale collagen (Col) and hyaluronic acid as a dispersant on the mechanical properties of alpha tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cements mixed with citric acid (CA) as an additive were investigated. Three types of alpha TCP particles were fabricated with spray-dry (SD; 14 μm), freeze-dry (FD; 45 μm), and cold isostatic press (CIP; 134 μm) methods, followed by sintering at 1300°C and ground/crushed. The amounts of Ca dissolution from these particles were in the order of SD > FD > CIP. The CA liquid was added to the powders of SD-FD or SD-CIP, and kneaded under different liquid/powder ratios. The cements containing CIP particles showed lower compressive strength at 22.9 ± 1.5 MPa than those containing FD particles at 28.3 ± 2.5 MPa, even though the apparent densities of the cements containing CIP material was higher. Although the packing density of powders is an important factor on the mechanical properties of cements, the dissolution of Ca ion has a greater impact on the mechanical properties. The addition of Col into the cements increased the mechanical properties at 33.6 ± 2.5 MPa at 1 day to enhance the re-precipitation of CDHA.