scholarly journals Solid Fuel Based on Waste of Low-Utilized Combustible Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
B. M. Khroustalev ◽  
A. N. Pekhota ◽  
Nga Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Phap Minh Vu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Binder Component ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Electrohydraulic Treatment

The paper presents main trends in growth and generation of waste, depending on increase of world GDP and the population of the planet. The main directions in extending the concept of national strategies for sustainable development have been considered with due account of energy and resource conservation problems, as well as the need for the rational use of natural and secondary resources in all countries of the world community. The energy potential use of combustible waste that has not found technological application is considered by many countries as one of the priority areas in the field of unconventional energy. The paper describes the main directions in application of the technology for briquetting multicomponent compositions into solid fuel. The developed production technology makes it possible to process waste products by briquetting them with the addition of various binders, and on the example of a binder component in the form of viscous hydrocarbon-containing waste, the main technological features of obtaining solid multicomponent fuel are presented in the paper. The paper describes the equipment for electrohydraulic treatment, which operates as a part of the preparation line for briquetting of the applied oily waste and that allows to reduce the sulphur content in the waste used, and such approach in general permits to regulate the environmental characteristics of harmful substance emissions at the maximum acceptable level. Taking into account the application aspects of the technology for wet briquetting of materials, the paper reflects the main results of the obtained dependences of humidity on productivity according to the content of the binder component. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem makes it possible to rationally use of substandard combustible industrial waste to obtain a multicomponent solid fuel, while at the production stage, the energy and environmental aspects of the resulting fuel are taken into account  with due consideration of the component composition of the fuel.

scholarly journals Diseminasi Hasil Riset Anti Mikroba Alami Berbasis Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Menjadi Hand Sanitizer Di Sentra Industri Keripik Pisang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika ◽  
Susilawati ◽  
Neti Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Dissemination Of Research

The Center for Home Industry chips on Bandar Lampung. The problem of this is the waste that has not been managed properly, the chip waste IRT waste in the form of fruit peels, leaves, fruit stalks, humps has the potential to be made of high-selling value products, diversification can be in the form of hand sanitizer products. The purpose of this activity is to solve the Partner's problem by disseminating research results in the form of transfer of waste treatment technology into a hand sanitizer. The method used is lectures and discussions on the dissemination of research results, assistance in processing wastewater into hand sanitizer products. The need for partners to process waste products into products that have value in the form of making herbal solid soap, followed by liquid soap, hand sanitizer, natural anti-microbial, feed making, composting and liquid fertilizer. The percentage increase in knowledge and understanding of the material after the service activities is the utilization of waste (40%), making feed (50%), making hand sanitizer (70%).

scholarly journals The mechanism of cracking hydrocarbons in electromagnetic fields — to the question of oil in Bazhenov formation

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Petroleum Generation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the depletion of hydrocarbon reserves and the need for hydrocarbon production from the deposits of Bazhenov formation. It is topical issue. This study aims to identify the mechanism of cracking of hydrocarbons under the influence of electrophysical wave fields. The author consecrates experimental data changes of the component composition of oil in Bazhenov formation in the result of the electromagnetic treatment frequency of 50 Hz. Also, small experiment on microwave processing of black shales of Bazhenov formation and evaluation of petroleum generation potential changes is presented in the article. The results obtained are consistent with the theoretical basis of the research of the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences I. I. Nesterov and academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. L. Buchachenko on the paramagnetic centers in the oil fields and stable isotopes with angular electron magnetic effect. The results of this study can be included in the fundamental basis of ideas about the formation of the fuel and energy potential of Bazhenov formation and can help in the development of methods to increase oil recovery.

scholarly journals Assessment of energy potential of agricultural plants as a basis of bioenergetic management development in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Alina Yakymchuk ◽  
Olha Pakharenko ◽  
Serhiy Shturkhetskyy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Management System ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
System Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Potential Use

Sustainable economic growth and increase in the level of population wellbeing, the diminution of energy dependence of Ukraine from the neighboring countries can only be achieved through the use of different types of biofuels, the practice of which is confirmed by the experience of other countries. One of the most promising types of fuel is agricultural plants, or rather the waste that remains after harvesting. The purpose of this study is to assess the energy potential of agricultural plants in Ukraine on the example of the Lviv region with an idea that it might reduce the energy dependence of Ukraine on Russia and other countries and will become a basis for improving the national energy management system. Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural plants was carried out on the example of the Lviv region. This assessment is based on all three components of the energy potential of agricultural plants (both theoretically and technically feasible and economically justified).According to the results of calculations, waste of wheat, other grain crops and rape has the largest energy potential. In particular, the energy potential of agricultural biomass of the Lviv region makes theoretically possible (maximum) 2.1 million tons of fuel equivalent, technically achievable 0.915 million tons of fuel equivalent (including losses), and economically expedient (optimal) 0.74 million tons of fuel equivalent. The evidence revealed in the study confirmed the fact that Ukraine has sufficient energy potential use of agricultural crops. All these measures correspond to the state strategy for the development of the energy potential of Ukraine. Considerable attention is paid to the need to form an optimal management system for the use of energy potential of agricultural plants in Ukraine. Given the significant economic efficiency of agricultural wastes, the expediency of its use as biofuels has been substantiated. The most effective in energy terms are grain crops (wheat, barley), which should be preferred in the process of biomass creation.

scholarly journals Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun E. Ibitoye ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen ◽  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
Agro Residues

AbstractThe global demand for sustainable energy is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, population, and developmental growth. Transforming the large quantities of biomass resources such as agro-residues/wastes could raise the energy supply and promote energy mix. Residues of biomass instituted in the rural and industrial centers are enormous, and poor management of these residues results in several indescribable environmental threats. The energy potential of these residues can provide job opportunities and income for nations. The generation and utilization of dissimilar biomass as feedstock for energy production via densification could advance the diversity of energy crops. An increase in renewable and clean energy demand will likely increase the request for biomass residues for renewable energy generation via densification. This will reduce the environmental challenges associated with burning and dumping of these residues in an open field. Densification is the process of compacting particles together through the application of pressure to form solid fuels. Marketable densification is usually carried out using conventional pressure-driven processes such as extrusion, screw press, piston type, hydraulic piston press, roller press, and pallet press (ring and flat die). Based on compaction, densification methods can be categorized into high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure compactions. The common densification processes are briquetting, pelletizing, bailing, and cubing. They manufacture solid fuel with desirable fuel characteristics—physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and combustion characteristics. Fuel briquettes and pellets have numerous advantages and applications both in domestic and industrial settings. However, for biomass to be rationally and efficiently utilized as solid fuel, it must be characterized to determine its fuel properties. Herein, an overview of the densification of biomass residues as a source of sustainable energy is presented.

scholarly journals Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Biomass Residues and Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment for Electrical Power Generation in Malaysia: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfadhilah Hamzah ◽  
Koji Tokimatsu ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Coal Consumption

Malaysia generated 156,665 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity in 2016 of which the biggest share of 48.4% was sourced from coal and coke. Malaysia coal consumption was met by 90.5% of imported coal due to high demand from the power sector. Malaysia also has a vast biomass resource that is currently under-utilised for electricity generation. This paper reviews the potential of oil palm residues and municipal solid waste (MSW) for alternative coal replacement employing hydrothermal treatment (HTT). In 2017, about 51.19 million tonnes (Mt) of oil palm waste was available with 888.33 peta-joule (PJ) energy potential to generate 88.03 terawatt-hours (TWh) electricity from oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Meanwhile, the MSW energy potential and electricity generation potential was estimated at 86.50 PJ/year and 8.57 TWh/year, respectively. HTT with washing co-treatment eliminates the use of drying for converting range of biomass and MSW into clean solid fuel known as hydrochar. The hydrochar increased in caloric value with lower moisture, Potassium (K) and Chlorine (Cl) contents. These value-added fuels can be used as coal alternative and reduce dependency on imported coal for energy security in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pinus spp needles and evaluation of their potential use for energy

CERNE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Washington Luis Esteves de Magalhães ◽  
Valcineide Tanobe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Potential Use

The demand for new energy sources is growing and awakening interest in the use of forest residues. Charcoal was prepared at carbonization temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 °C and 700 °C in order to evaluate the potential use of Pinus sp needles for energy. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of the needles and the charcoal produced were also evaluated. The needles were found to have ash content of 2.32% and gross calorific value of 20.30 MJ/kg. The calorific value increased by 45%, reaching 29.64 MJ/kg, after carbonization carried out at 600 ºC. This value is higher than that for charcoal made from eucalyptus (19.25 MJ/kg) and even coconut husks (23.55 MJ/kg), showing the high energy potential of these needles.

scholarly journals The Energy and Environmental Potential of Waste from the Processing of Hulled Wheat Species

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Bernas ◽  
Petr Konvalina ◽  
Daniela Vasilica Burghila ◽  
Razvan Ionut Teodorescu ◽  
Daniel Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mass Unit ◽  
Hulled Wheat

Organic farmers farming on arable land have often had, in addition to the cultivation of common species of cultivated crops (such as wheat, rye, triticale or potatoes), interest in the cultivation of marginal crops such as hulled wheat species (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt wheat). The production of marginal cereals has seen significant developments in the European Union related to the development of the organic farming sector. Just the average annual organic production of spelt in the Czech Republic reached more than 9000 tons in 2018. The cultivation of these cereals requires post-harvest treatment in the special method of dehulling. The waste emerging after dehulling of spikelet (i.e., chaff) accounts for about 30% of the total amount of harvest and can be used as an alternative fuel material. When considering the energy utilization of this waste, it is also necessary to obtain information on the energy quality of the material, as well as environmental aspects linked to their life cycle. For evaluating the energy parameters, the higher and lower heating value, based on the elemental (CHNS) analysis, was determined. The environmental aspects were determinate according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology where the system boundary includes all the processes from cradle to farm gate, and the mass unit was chosen. The SimaPro v9.1.0.11 software and ReCiPe Midpoint (H) within the characterization model was used for the data expression. The results predict the energy potential of chaff about 50–90 TJ per year. The results of this study show that in some selected impact categories, 1 kg of chaff, as a potential fuel, represents a higher load on the environment than 1 kg of lignite, respectively potential energy gain (1 GJ) from the materials.

scholarly journals ENERGY GENERATION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF BIOGAS RECOVERY IN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir Nagel Schirmer ◽  
Maria Isabel Coltro Crovador
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Great Energy

The landfill is a method of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) widely employed all over the world, mainly in developing countries. The biogas released from landfills raises environmental concerns, as it contributes to the greenhouse effect, due to its high content of methane and carbon dioxide, and in relation to the potential damage to health caused to the surrounding populations of these areas. However, biogas has a great energy potential, representing economic and environmental advantages, making the waste disposal in landfills more sustainable in relation to these economic and environmental aspects. In Brazil, few landfills are technically prepared in recovering energy from biogas, which may be encouraged by the new Solid Waste National Policy, which aims to fit the landfills to the technical criteria of engineering, as well as to provide appropriate instructions on the waste management throughout its life cycle. The present review deals with the process of biogas generation based on municipal solid waste and some techniques that provide quantitative data on the biogas emission, and also the current scenario in Brazil related to the energy recovery from such source of bioenergy and its future potentialities.

scholarly journals Special-Purpose River-Port Sediment Valorization as Road Construction Material Emphasising Environmental Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ivana Barišić ◽  
Berislav Marković ◽  
Mirjana Vukićević ◽  
Miloš Marjanović ◽  
Tamara Brleković
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Special-purpose river port sediment was investigated for its potential use as a road construction material. Sediment samples were extracted from three locations in three small river ports, and detailed laboratory research was conducted to determine its basic mechanical properties and characteristics that can potentially have an adverse influence in a roadside environment. The results of the research conducted indicate that there is a need for systematic monitoring of the quality and quantity of sediment in special-purpose river ports of the Danube River Basin to maintain its mobility and prevent flooding. The basic engineering characteristics (Proctor elements, Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength) determined represent the good potential of the sediment samples tested herein for use in road construction. In addition, the chemical characteristics tested indicate the need for detailed analyses of the potential environmental risk before application in civil engineering structures

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