PATIENT SELECTION FOR THE LASER TREATMENT BY ESTIMATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC FAILURE PROBABILITY OF SURGICAL TREATMENT

The study is dedicated to the study of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases. Predicting the probability of a favorable outcome or treatment failure is one of the most important doctor’s tasks when choosing a particular method. This problem could not be solved without using a large amount of data characterizing the patient's condition at a particular point in time. The empirical approach to this problem depends largely on individual experience and does not imply obtaining any formalized (numerical) probability estimates of successful or, on the contrary, unsuccessful end of treatment. Correct and effective using of dental lasers in clinical practice requires knowledge of their effects on tissues of the oral cavity. Each type of laser has its properties that are used to solve clinical cases. Laser radiation requires an approach that is significantly different from the traditional use of dental instruments. To determine lasers therapeutic indications for the treatment of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases, we applied biometric approaches to the development of mathematical models using multidimensional analysis, allowing to obtain qualitative assessments for optimization of method and treatment strategy selection. The development of predictive models was carried out in several stages. Each of the generally accepted dental signs characterizing periodontal disease could not be a reliable criterion for the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of surgical treatment. Comprehensive assessment using a logistic (exponential) model of the probability of a particular treatment outcome with a high degree statistical reliability makes it possible to select patients for whom treatment with laser technologies is recommended.

EXPERIENCE OF USING LASERS FOR VESTIBULOPLASTY IN PERY-IMPANT AREA

In this article authors raised the problem of the formation of an attached gum zone in the implant area. The important factors in the long-term and stable outcome of dental implantation are the availability of sufficient bone volume, adequate oral hygiene and correct positioning of the implant. Current studies point at the role of periodontal soft tissues in achieving an aesthetic result as a result of implant treatment. Review of the literature about the statistics of mucositis and peri-implantitis, problems of the dental implantation planning, alternative points of view on the recipient tooth socket, trauma of the donor site, etc. point at the immediacy of the problem. The problem of the advantages and disadvantages of methods and materials for gingival plastics continue to be relevant. The article presents the experience of the formation of a protective soft tissue buffer zone around the implant as a result of laser vestibuloplasty. Dental lasers are successfully used for the reconstruction of soft tissues in preparation for orthopedic treatment, plastic surgery of the oral cavity vestibule and frenulum. Laser application as a surgical instrument allows to make an incision more precisely and to overview the surgical area. Operative technique does not differ from the vestibuloplasty for the periodontal diseases. As a result of using an erbium or diode laser, the necessary vestibule of the oral cavity is formed. Features of the epithelialization of the oral mucosa and fixation of the movable edge of the wound make it possible to increase the area of the immobile gum. The authors presented a photo protocol describing the clinical case. According to indications, the use of the laser radiation allows to achieve the necessary clinical result for the long-term clinical and aesthetic success of dental implantation.

Radiosurgery: A Forgotten Tool?

Radiosurgery allows precise tissue cutting with simultaneous haemostasis, providing a clearer surgical field. Variation in waveform, power settings and handpiece tip shape allow for a wide variety of clinical applications, making it one of the most versatile pieces of surgical equipment in the dentist's arsenal. However, it is one of the most underused, and probably misunderstood, areas of surgery in dentistry. This may be due to conflicting literature concerning healing, overshadowing of the value of the technique by interest in dental lasers, misuse of terminology and a general lack of knowledge regarding the science underpinning its action. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to outline the mode of action, adjustable parameters and considerations for the safe use of radiosurgery alongside clinical examples of its applications.

Lasers in Orthodontics – A Review

Introduction: In past few years, there is huge improvement in orthodontics. Different innovation in orthodontics made the procedure easier and less time consuming. Application of laser is one of them. Many types of dental lasers are currently available that can be efficiently used for soft and hard tissue applications in the field of orthodontics. Two types of lasers are there. One is hard tissue laser, and another is soft tissue laser. Laser therapy is advantageous because it often avoids bleeding, can be pain free, is non‑invasive and is relatively quick. The high cost is its primary disadvantage. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview regarding safe and proper use of soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics

Do Lasers Have an Adjunctive Role in Initial Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy? A Systematic Review

(1) Background: dental lasers have numerous applications for periodontal therapy which include surgical procedures of soft tissue and osseous structures, and non-surgical treatments such as pathogen reduction, removal of surface accretions, and photobiomodulation. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature to ascertain whether lasers have a beneficial role when used adjunctively in initial non-surgical periodontal therapy. (2) Methods: A PubMed search was performed specifically for randomized clinical trials where a dental laser was used adjunctively for initial periodontal therapy on human patients published from January 2010–April 2020. The first search identified 1294 eligible studies. After additional criteria and filters were applied, 20 manuscripts were included in this review. (3) Results: The chosen manuscripts reported on investigations into initial therapy for patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. After periodontal charting, conventional instrumentation such as hand and ultrasonic scaling was performed on all patients in the studies, and then a test group or groups of patients were treated adjunctively with a laser. That adjunctive laser group’s periodontal findings showed various degrees of improved health compared to the group treated with only conventional methods. (4) Conclusion: This systematic review found that 70% of the included studies reported significantly better outcomes in certain clinical parameters, but no improvement in others. The remaining 30% of the manuscripts reported no significant difference in any of the measurements. With consideration to correct parametry, lasers have an adjunctive role in initial non-surgical periodontal therapy.