Afro-Germans, multidirectional memory and French colonial aphasia: The legacy of the First World War in Galadio by Didier Daeninckx

This article offers an analysis of mnemonic traces in Galadio, Didier Daeninckx’s 2010 novel. I demonstrate that by fictionalizing the history of the persecution of Afro-Germans under National Socialism, the novel exposes antiblackness as a neglected phenomenon of the Third Reich. Synchronously, applying Michael Rothberg’s theoretical framework, the article discusses the dialogue between Jewish and Afro-German legacies of violence in the novel, as well as the intricate relation between colony, camp and what Paul Gilroy defines as camp mentality. Furthermore, I argue that Daeninckx engages with French colonial aphasia: in my interpretation, his oblique approach to the French imperial past conveys its simultaneous presence and absence, which is key to disabled memory. Finally, I focus on the ethics of commemoration in Galadio, which claims space for black soldiers in French collective memory of the two world wars, yet at the same time challenges imperial loyalties and homogeneous approaches to French national identity.

Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion From L2 to S1: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

This surgical video demonstrates the technique of an oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the lumbar spine from L2 to L5 as well as an oblique approach to the L5-S1 level. It demonstrates the surgical approach, technical nuances of OLIF, and pearls of the surgery. The video discusses the importance of the release of the disc space to allow for height restoration and deformity correction, endplate preparation to enhance arthrodesis, and appropriate implant sizing. The concept of the approach is the minimally invasive blunt dissection through the abdominal wall musculature and mobilization of the retroperitoneal fat. Unlike the transpsoas approach, the surgery is performed anterior to the psoas, avoiding the lumbar plexus.1 For L5-S1, the approach is still performed in the lateral position but with an oblique approach. A vascular surgeon performs the L5-S1 approach, and the disc space is accessed through the iliac bifurcation.2 The discectomy and interbody fusion are performed similarly to a standard anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), but in a lateral position and at an oblique angle. The patient consented to this procedure and for filming a video of this case.

Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Meningiomas of the atrium of the lateral ventricle present a unique operative challenge. Parietal transcortical approaches have been described with an oblique approach, but a strictly paramedian approach may offer advantages in a dominant hemisphere atrial meningioma. OBSERVATIONS The patient presented with several weeks of intermittent headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enhancing intraventricular mass in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle. Three-dimensional reconstructions were created from a preoperative MRI, with 1-mm slices for neuronavigation. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained, and tracts were reconstructed in the patient’s three-dimensional brainspace. DTI tractography delineated a paramedian transparietal corridor devoid of functional white matter tracks. The patient was positioned supine, in a semislouch position. A left parietal craniotomy was performed. Neuronavigation identified a gyrus posterior to the sensory cortex, anterior to the optic radiations and medial to superior longitudinal and arcuate fasciculus fiber tracts. The tumor was debulked to allow mobilization to coagulate capsular blood supply. Gross total resection was achieved. The patient was discharged postoperatively on day 3 without neurological deficits. LESSONS A paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere meningioma of the lateral ventricle can be a safe and effective way to resect tumors in this anatomically unique operative corridor.

Chasing Future Feelings: A Practice-led Experiment with Emergent Digital Materialities of Heritage

High-fidelity imaging methods such as laser scanning and digital photogrammetry have captured public and professional audiences in a flurry of optimistic discourse about their capacities as forms of preservation and of archaeological recording and interpretation. With technical finesse and mastery, endangered heritage can, it is argued, be captured, re-materialized, and recovered from the forces that threaten it. As the plot concerning our ‘digital futures’ thickens, we discuss here an experimental project that offers an oblique approach to the practice of 3D visualization, one that subverts the dominance of neutral, technical field engagements. We examine digital materiality by exploring digital heritage objects as both method and site of ethnographic encounter. Orbiting the ruins of Asinou, an abandoned village in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus, with our ‘low-tech’ equipment, we sought to observe the conditions of the ‘in-between’ of two makeshift forms, each as ‘real’ as the other. We focus our thinking on the tensions of translation that play on the surface of our technically crude digital assemblages, as spaces of generative potential for speculations about encounters with emerging digital materialities, their affective capacities and status as future heritage objects.

Frame-based and robot-assisted insular stereo-electroencephalography via an anterior or posterior oblique approach

OBJECTIVE There is an increasing interest in stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) for invasive evaluation of insular epilepsy. The implantation of insular SEEG electrodes, however, is still challenging due to the anatomical location and complex functional segmentation in both an anteroposterior and ventrodorsal (i.e., superoinferior) direction. While the orthogonal approach (OA) is the shortest trajectory to the insula, it might insufficiently cover these networks. In contrast, the anterior approach (AOA) or posterior oblique approach (POA) has the potential for full insular coverage, with fewer electrodes bearing a risk of being more inaccurate due to the longer trajectory. Here, the authors evaluated the implantation accuracy and the detection of epilepsy-related SEEG activity with AOA and POA insular trajectories. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated the accuracy of 220 SEEG electrodes in 27 patients. Twelve patients underwent a stereotactic frame-based procedure (frame group), and 15 patients underwent a frameless robot-assisted surgery (robot group). In total, 55 insular electrodes were implanted using the AOA or POA considering the insular anteroposterior and ventrodorsal functional organization. The entry point error (EPE) and target point error (TPE) were related to the implantation technique (frame vs robot), the length of the trajectory, and the location of the target (insular vs noninsular). Finally, the spatial distribution of epilepsy-related SEEG activity within the insula is described. RESULTS There were no significant differences in EPE (mean 0.9 ± 0.6 for the nonsinsular electrodes and 1.1 ± 0.7 mm for the insular electrodes) and TPE (1.5 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.9 mm, respectively), although the length of trajectories differed significantly (34.1 ± 10.9 and 70.1 ± 9.0 mm, repsectively). There was a significantly larger EPE in the frame group than in the robot group (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 0.7 ± 0.5 mm). However, there was no group difference in the TPE (1.5 ± 0.8 vs 1.6 ± 0.8 mm). Epilepsy-related SEEG activity was detected in 42% (23/55) of the insular electrodes. Spatial distribution of this activity showed a clustering in both anteroposterior and ventrodorsal directions. In purely insular onset cases, subsequent insular lesionectomy resulted in a good seizure outcome. CONCLUSIONS The implantation of insular electrodes via the AOA or POA is safe and efficient for SEEG implantation covering both anteroposterior and ventrodorsal functional organization with few electrodes. In this series, there was no decrease in accuracy due to the longer trajectory of insular SEEG electrodes in comparison with noninsular SEEG electrodes. The results of frame-based and robot-assisted implantations were comparable.

Tattered Theatres: Fleeting Performances in Concentrationary Theatre

This paper explores the presence of dramatic fiction in plays dealing with imprisonment within the Nazi and Communist concentrationary systems. Whether we talk about performances belonging to the pre-concentrationary past, which ghost the prison or camp world, about plays that the prisoners tell in secret to their fellow inmates, or about embedded performances, all these spectacular forms are structured by the idea of absence (of the text, of the actor), and are to be seen as instrumental in getting away from the concentrationary experience and at the same time bearing witness to it. We will consider these embedded theatrical forms (which are based on repertoire plays or attempt to dramatize (pre)concentrationary realities) as devices meant to articulate trauma. We will analyse the dramatic strategies enabling dramatists to foreground an oblique approach to the concentrationary experience.

CT-guided microcoil implantation for localizing pulmonary ground-glass nodules: feasibility and accuracy of oblique approach for lesions difficult to access on axial images

Objective: (1) To evaluate the value of CT-guided microcoil implantation for localizing pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). (2) To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of cephalic-caudal oblique approach for lesions difficult to access on axial images owing to overlying bony structures, large vessels or interlober fissures. Methods: From June 2016 to March 2019, all patients with GGNs resected by VATS after marking using CT-guided microcoil implantation in China-Japan friendship hospital were enrolled and clinical and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the microcoil marked path, the GGNs were divided into cephalic-caudal oblique group (oblique group) and non-oblique group. The success rate of marking, the time required for marking and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared. Results: 258 GGNs from 215 consecutive patients were included in this study. The diameter of GGNs was 1.22 ± 0.50 cm, and the shortest distance from GGNs to the pleura was 1.56 ± 1.09 cm. All 258 GGNs were successfully resected by VATS under the guidance of implanted microcoils, and no case was converted to thoracotomy. During CT-guided microcoil implantation, cephalic- caudal oblique approach was taken in 56 GGNs (oblique group) to avoid bone, interlobar fissure and blood vessels. The time required for marking was significantly longer for oblique group compared with non-oblique group (16.6 ± 2.4 vs. 13.1 ± 1.9 min, p<0.01). No significant differences in the success rate of marking (94.6% vs 91.6%), the incidence of pneumothorax (19.6% vs 17.8%), the bleeding rate (10.7% vs 8.9%), and the hemoptysis rate (1.8% vs 1.5%) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: CT-guided microcoil implantation can effectively guide VATS to resect GGNs. For GGNs difficult to access on axial images, CT-guided cephalic-caudal oblique approach is feasible, safe, and accurate. Advances in knowledge: CT-guided microcoil implantation can effectively guide VATS to resect GGNs. The marked path with cephalic-caudal obliquity can effectively avoid bone, interlobar fissure and blood vessels, successfully mark GGNs difficult to access on axial images, while keeping the distance from the pleura to the lesion on the marked path as short as possible at the same time.