scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF ARANG KAYU BAKAU DALAM PROSES FILTRASI AIR GAMBUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Nila Puspita Sari ◽  
Mashuri Mashuri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Mangrove Wood

Peat water can cause diseases such as cholera, hepatitis, dysentery, skin and eye diseases, and digestive diseases. Peat water is source water that is used daily needed by society in Segomeng. Mangrove wood is a material that can be used in the process of water purification because it can be used as activated charcoal which is a carbon compound, which is produced from a material that contains carbon. The research purpose is to know whether activated carbon of mangrove wood charcoal can be a medium of peat water filtering into clean water. This research type is the experiment and the design of this research uses Complete Random Design with some treatment which is arranged randomly for all experimental units. The different treatments are given, among others, using slow sand filtration and clay soil as a coagulant, using a slow sand filter with activated charcoal added mangrove wood with a thickness of 10 cm, and with a thickness of 15 cm. The results showed filtration with the addition of activated charcoal from mangrove wood with a thickness of 15 cm in getting the best results, can increase the pH value and is expected to improve the water quality of the acidic, odor-free, reducing taste, and the rapid filtration process that is 10 minutes. The conclusion is that the addition of activated carbon from mangrove wood charcoal is quite effective in the process of peat water filtration and can improve physical quality of water. The Suggestion is,should be measured of physical, chemical and biological character of peat water before and after filtration process.and also measurement of absorption of activated carbon of charcoal of mangrove wood before used as absorbent in filtration process

scholarly journals PEMETAAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI SIAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MELALUI SISTEM FILTRASI DENGAN 2 KALI PENYARINGAN BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M. YANUAR PRASETYO ◽  
Riad Syech ◽  
Usman Malik
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Area North

Abstrak Telah dilakukan pemetaan tingkat pencemaran air sungai siak sebelum dan sesudah melalui sistem filtrasi dengan 2 kali penyaringan berdasarkan parameter fisis. Pemetaan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai Konduktivitas, TDS, dan nilai pH dari sampel air yang diambil dibadan air sungai siak, baik sebelum dan setelah proses filtrasi menggunakan saringan pasir lambat yang dibuat dengan bahan utama pasir kuarsa, batu zeolit, batu bioring, arang, busa penyaring dan kerikil. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di atas permukaan air Sungai Siak pada 2 sisi sungai yaitu daerah sebelah Utara Sungai Siak di Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir diambil sebanyak 15 titik sampel, dan sebelah Selatan Sungai Siak di Kecamatan Senapelan diambil sebanyak 15 titik sampel. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan konduktiviti meter, dan pH meter, sementara nilai TDS diperoleh melalui perhitungan menggunakan nilai konduktivitas. Hasil pengukuran 30 titik sampel sebelum proses filtrasi menunjukkan daerah B dengan nilai konduktivitas rata-rata 41,3µS/cm, dan nilai TDS rata-rata 26,45mg/L memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah dari daerah A yang memiliki nilai konduktivitas rata-rata 63,93µS/cm dan nilai TDS rata-rata 40,9mg/L. Setelah proses filtrasi dilakukan nilai konduktivitas rata-rata sampel daerah A naik menjadi 204,7µS/cm dan daerah B naik menjadi 156,3µS/cm, kenaikan yang sama terjadi untuk parameter TDS, dan pH. Peningkatan nilai konduktivitas, TDS, dan pH masih berada dibawah ambang batas sehingga sistem filtrasi dengan 2 kali penyaringan berhasil mengubah air Sungai Siak menjadi air bersih.  Abstract Mapping of the level of pollution of Siak river has been carried out before and after through the filtration system with 2 times of filtering based on physical parameters. Mapping is done based on the conductivity value, TDS, and pH value of water samples taken in the Siak river water, both before and after the filtration process using a slow sand filter made with the main ingredients of quartz sand, zeolite stones, bioring stones, charcoal, filter foam and gravel. Water sampling was carried out on the surface of the Siak River on 2 sides of the river: the area north of the Siak River in Rumbai Pesisir District was taken as many as 15 sample points, and south of the Siak River in Senapelan District was taken as many as 15 sample points. Measurements were made using conductivity meters and pH meters, while TDS values were obtained through calculations using conductivity values. The measurement results of 30 sample points before the filtration process showed area B with an average conductivity value of 41.3 µS / cm, and an average TDS value of 26.45 mg / L had a lower value than region A which had an average conductivity value of 63 , 93µS / cm and an average TDS value of 40.9 mg / L. After the filtration process the average conductivity value of the sample area A increased to 204.7 µS / cm and area B increased to 156.3 µS / cm, the same increase occurred for the TDS parameters, and pH. Increasing the conductivity, TDS, and pH values are still below the threshold so that the filtration system with 2 times of filtering succeeded in changing the Siak River water into clean water.

scholarly journals STUDY ON WATER QUALITY OF UNCONFINED AND CONFINED AQUIFER IN SELANGOR: AERATION METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud ◽  
Nur Hazwani Izehar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The quality of groundwater depends on quality of water recharging the aquifer and the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in it. In order to treat specific water properties and heavy metals present in groundwater, aeration and filtration process is applied. The objectives of this study are i) to investigate the groundwater properties collected from unconfined and confined aquifer, and ii) to analyze the groundwater properties varied by aeration period in a small tanks. The removal efficiency for turbidity, iron and manganese fall in the range of 25% to 30%, 9% to 66% and 50% to 90% for all samples, respectively. The dissolved oxygen content did influenced the average value of studied parameters, especially for pH value of confined samples, within 3 hours aeration, the value increase from 4.88 to 7.28, which is fulfil the requirement of Malaysian standard. It can be concluded that for all parameters observed, there were changes in values either increased or decreased throughout the aeration and filtration process for both studied aquifers.

Eternal engine of progress

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
В.А. Гвоздев ◽  
Л.В. Леонов ◽  
О.Н. Рублевская
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
General Director

Качество услуг водоснабжения и водоотведения за первые двадцать лет XXI века вывело на новый уровень развития ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» благодаря внедрению инновационных технологий в системах водоснабжения и водоотведения. Использование технологий, таких как двухступенчатое обеззараживание питьевой воды, дезодорирование полигонов, геотубирование, применение центрифуг «Флоттвег», порошкообразного однокомпонентного флокулянта, порошкообразного активированного угля, внедрение системы измерения осадков, осуществлялись при активном участии Федора Ивановича Лобанова – помощника генерального директора ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» по работе с промышленностью, которому в ноябре 2021 г. исполнилось 80 лет. The quality of water supply and wastewater disposal services over the first twenty years of the 21st century has brought SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to a new level of development owing to the introduction of innovative technologies in water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The use of technologies, such as two-stage disinfection of drinking water, odor control of landfills, geotubing, the use of Flottweg centrifuges, powdered one-component flocculant, powdered activated carbon, the introduction of a precipitation measurement system, were carried out with the active participation of Fedor Ivanovich Lobanov, Assistant to the General Director of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» on dealing with industries, who turned 80 in November 2021.

scholarly journals Influence of Aggressivity of Water on the Long Term Sustainability of Hydro Power Structures – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Beena Anand
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Binding Medium ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Useful Life

To fulfil country’s irrigation and power requirements various large capacity dams have been constructed on major rivers in last 50 years. The long term sustainability of these structures is largely dependent on hydro-environment and the capacity of these structures to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration. The concrete deterioration is directly influenced by various geographical, climatic and ecological conditions. The chemical reactions between cement and water enable the setting and hardening of cement, resulting in a binding medium for the aggregates and development of strength. Quality of water plays an important role in the production of concrete. There are some chemical environments under which the useful life of even the best concrete will be affected adversely. The aggressiveness of water is dependent on the pH value, the total dissolved salts, the degree of hardness, soluble chlorides, sulphates, carbonation, temperature and alkalinity etc. Understanding these conditions permit measures to be taken to prevent or reduce deterioration.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Indices of Ground Water and Their Geoponic Management, in Coastal Odisha, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Siba Prasad Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Ground Water Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aquifer Geometry ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

<p>Agriculture can not exist without water. At present the old practice of arbitrary use of water in irrigation sector has become unethical. Odisha is an agrarian state in east coast of India. For better yield of crops, quality of water is intricately related to the aquifer geometry, ground water flow regime and its quality. Coastal Odisha is having an area of 14700 sqkm and demography of 1.26 million. The land has mostly water logged alluvial crop land, deciduous forests or sandy dunes with an astomosed channels of hexa-deltaic rivers. The edaphic factors demand improvement of quality of ground water which is brackish. The physicochemical properties like pH value, electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents (Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>++</sup>, Ca<sup>++</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) of ground water used for lift irrigation have been studied. Data from thousand number of wells from the study area are covered in various seasons during the years 2009-2014 along with the yield of the major crop, i.e., paddy. The indices and parameters like EC, SAR, KI, ESP, SSP, MAR, PI and alkalinity of the ground water are determined to show its fitness for irrigation in the area. The different water management policies and present activities are discussed so that the ground water can be used efficiently for irrigation in coastal Odisha.</p>

scholarly journals SEMENTES DE Moringa oleífera Lam: EFICIÊNCIA NO USO DE COAGULANTE BIOLÓGICO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA COM TURBIDEZ, COMPARADO AO COAGULANTE QUÍMICO SULFATO DE ALUMÍNIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Maiara Luzia Grigoli OLIVIO ◽  
Elizângela Flávia Jacob ESTEVES ◽  
Dagmar Aparecida de Marco FERRO
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Comumente o sulfato de alumínio é o coagulante químico utilizado nas Estações de Tratamentos para a clarificação da água, embora produza um lodo tóxico de difícil deposição no ambiente. No entanto, os coagulantes naturais como sementes de Moringa oleífera Lam. têm demonstrado vantagens para tratamento em comparação aos químicos, pela simplicidade de uso e baixo custo. O estudo objetivou analisar a eficiência coagulante da semente de Moringa oleífera na clarificação de água com turbidez e comparar com os parâmetros do coagulante químico sulfato de alumínio. As amostras de água foram coletadas no Córrego Jacu Queimado e as sementes colhidas em um plantio da própria espécie. Foram realizados, em laboratório, etapas sequenciais do experimento: comparação da eficiência da semente verde e seca, determinação da concentração e tempo de exposição da semente à água, comparação de agitação manual e magnética entre elas e do coagulante biológico com o químico, sendo analisados os aspectos físico, químico e biológico antes e após a adição de ambos. Observou-se que apenas a semente seca realiza a clarificação da água em comparação com os resultados das análises da água clarificada com o sulfato, determinando-se que 5 sementes são eficazes para tratar 1 litro de água com turbidez de até 25,0 NTU, considerando-se mais relevante a agitação manual para o efeito de coagulação e o aguardo de 2 horas para o término da decantação. Conclui-se, que a semente de Moringa é um coagulante biológico que se apresenta como alternativa para o tratamento de água com turbidez, porém, ainda não é indicada para a potabilidade. É preciso dar continuidade ao tratamento em busca de processos que visam melhorar a qualidade da água para aproximar-se aos parâmetros aceitáveis para o consumo humano.   Moringa oleífera Lam SEEDS: EFFICIENT USE OF BIOLOGICAL COAGULANT FOR WATER TURBIDITY TREATMENT, COMPARED TO ALUMINUM SULFATE CHEMICAL COAGULANT   ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate is a chemical coagulant commonly used at Water Treatment Plants for water clarification, although it produces a toxic sludge of difficult deposition in the environment. However, natural coagulants such as Moringa oleíferaLam seeds have evidenced the advantages for the treatment when compared to chemicals, due to either their simplicity in and low cost.  This research aims at reviewing the efficient use of   Moringa oleífera seeds as coagulants for turbid water clarification as well as comparing the parameters of aluminum sulfate chemical coagulants. The water samples were collected at Córrego Jacu Queimado and the seeds were harvested from a crop of its own species. Sequential steps were performed in the lab for this experiment: Comparison of green and dry seeds efficiency, concentration and time of exposition of the seed to water measurements, comparison of manual and magnetic stirring among them and among biological and chemical coagulants, being analyzed physical, chemical and biological aspects before and after adding both of them. It was observed that only the dry seed enables water clarification when comparing the analysis results to sulfate water clarification, it was ascertained that 5 seeds are efficient to treat a liter of 25,0 NTU turbidity in water, considering as more relevant manual stirring for coagulation effect after a two-hour rest for decantation completion. It was concluded that Moringa seed is a biological coagulant presented as an alternative for turbid water treatment, although it is not indicated for drinkability. Further treatment is necessary in order to keep searching for processes that target to improve the quality of water and meeting acceptable parameters for water consumption.   Keywords: Biological Coagulant. Chemical Coagulant. Efficiency. Water Clarification. Comparative Parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Water for Injection Marketed in South-Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Onyia Chukwuebuka Felix ◽  
Ikegbunam Nkechukwu Moses ◽  
Okafor Maris-stella Chibuanuli ◽  
Esimone Charles Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Ph Range

The present work seeks to evaluate the safety and quality of water for injection (WFI) marketed in south-Eastern Nigeria. The physical, microbiological and chemical qualities of different brands of WFI marketed in south- eastern Nigeria were evaluated in order to ascertain their quality. A total of one hundred and forty-seven (147) samples of four different brands of WFI (approximately thirty vials per state) were analysed. All the brands (A, B, and C) except D conformed to the PH range (5.0-7.0) at room temperature. The PH value of all the brands reduced when subjected to increased temperature. All the brands were also sterile. All the brands passed the conductivity test with respect to compendia standard. The study revealed that the various brands of WFI marketed in south-eastern Nigeria conform to some official limits except for heavy metals. However, WFI in south-eastern Nigeria are considerably safe.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Activating Agents on Surface Area and Methylene Blue Uptake Capacity of Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Activating Agent

Activated carbon from Acacia asak (Fabaceae) tree branches was prepared utilizing three-steps- process and H3P04, ZnCl2, H2S04, K2C03, Na0H and K0H as chemical activating agents. In addition to the elemental analysis of precursor materials, produced activated carbon (ATB-AC) was also analyzed for moisture content, ash content, pH value, bulk density, volatile matter, hardness, specific surface area (SBET), iodine number and pore volume. Results revealed that the quality of ATB-AC is well comparable to the available commercial activated carbon (CAC). The SBET was found to be in the order of ATB-AC1> ATB- AC2> ATB-AC4> ATB-AC6> ATB-AC3> ATB-AC5. All the produced ATB-AC demonstrated good MB (methylene blue) removal efficiency, whereas ATB-AC1 and ATB-AC2 (produced from H3P04, and ZnCl2) showed higher efficiency. It is concluded that the chemical activating agent has significant effect on produced AC keeping all other production parameters constant. Among the six studied chemicals, H3P04 and ZnCl2 produced AC exhibited high SBET surface area and MB uptake capacity.  

scholarly journals Physicochemical and sensory changes in aged sugarcane spirit submitted to filtering with activated carbon filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Cimino Duarte ◽  
Maria das Graças Cardoso ◽  
Ana Carla Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Wilder Douglas Santiago ◽  
Leonardo Luna de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Filter ◽  
Sensory Tests

Sugarcane spirit is a drink considered as a national symbol of Brazil. It is produced by large producers and by about 30 thousand small and medium home-distilling producers dispersed throughout the country. The copper originating from the home-distillers can become a serious problem since at high concentrations in beverages it may cause serious human health problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the activated carbon used in commercial filters on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of aged sugarcane spirit. Analyses of copper, dry extract, alcoholic degree, higher alcohols, volatile acids, aldehydes, esters, furfural, and methanol were performed. The sensory evaluation was performed by seven selected trained judges, who analyzed the yellow color, woody aroma and flavor, and intensity of alcoholic aroma and flavor of the cane spirit before and after the filtration process. The sensory tests were carried out using a 9 cm non-structured intensity scale. A reduction was observed in all compounds analyzed physicochemically, except for the esters, which increased after filtration. This increase is probably due to the esterification of the alcohols and acids present. According to the sensory results obtained, a reduction was observed in the intensity of the yellow color, aroma, and wood flavor characteristics, the major characteristics of the aging process.

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