The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance

The spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena applied to Quantum Finance considers that the martingale state in the stock market corresponds to a ground (vacuum) state if we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. The original analysis for this phenomena completely ignores the kinetic terms in the neighborhood of the minimal of the potential terms. This is correct in most of the cases. However, when we deal with the martingale condition, it comes out that the kinetic terms can also behave as potential terms and then reproduce a shift on the effective location of the vacuum (martingale). In this paper, we analyze the effective symmetry breaking patterns and the connected vacuum degeneracy for these special circumstances. Within the same scenario, we analyze the connection between the flow of information and the multiplicity of martingale states, providing in this way powerful tools for analyzing the dynamic of the stock markets.

Atomically engineered interfaces yield extraordinary electrostriction

Electrostriction is a property of all the dielectric materials where an applied electric field induces a mechanical deformation proportional to the square of the electric field. The magnitude of the effect is usually minuscule. However, recent discoveries of symmetry-breaking phenomena at interfaces opens up the possibility to extend the electrostrictive response to a broader family of dielectric materials.1,2 Here, we engineer the electrostrictive effect by epitaxially depositing alternating layers of Gd2O3-doped CeO2 and Er2O3-stabilized δ-Bi2O3 with atomically controlled interfaces on NdGaO3 substrates. We find that the electrostriction coefficient reaches 2.38×10-14 m2/V2, exceeding the best-known relaxor ferroelectrics by three orders of magnitude. Our atomic-scale calculations show that the extraordinary electrostriction coefficient is driven by the coherent strain imparted by the interfacial lattice mismatches. Thus, artificial heterostructures open a new avenue to design and manipulate electrostrictive materials and devices for nano/micro actuation and cutting-edge sensor applications.

Crystal time-reversal symmetry breaking and spontaneous Hall effect in collinear antiferromagnets

Electrons, commonly moving along the applied electric field, acquire in certain magnets a dissipationless transverse velocity. This spontaneous Hall effect, found more than a century ago, has been understood in terms of the time-reversal symmetry breaking by the internal spin structure of a ferromagnetic, noncolinear antiferromagnetic, or skyrmionic form. Here, we identify previously overlooked robust Hall effect mechanism arising from collinear antiferromagnetism combined with nonmagnetic atoms at noncentrosymmetric positions. We predict a large magnitude of this crystal Hall effect in a room temperature collinear antiferromagnet RuO2 and catalog, based on symmetry rules, extensive families of material candidates. We show that the crystal Hall effect is accompanied by the possibility to control its sign by the crystal chirality. We illustrate that accounting for the full magnetization density distribution instead of the simplified spin structure sheds new light on symmetry breaking phenomena in magnets and opens an alternative avenue toward low-dissipation nanoelectronics.

Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in benzil-based soft crystalline, cubic liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid phases

Achiral multi-chain benzil derivatives provide a missing link between mirror symmetry breaking phenomena in fluid systems of polycatenar and bent-core liquid crystals.

Optical spectra of organic dyes in condensed phases: the role of the medium polarizability

An effective model is presented to account for the effects of the medium electronic polarizability on spectral properties and on symmetry-breaking phenomena in charge-transfer dyes.

Isospin Non-Conservation in Shell Model Approach and Applications*

Up to now, empirical shell-model Hamiltonians for valence space calculations provide the most accurate description of the low-energy spectra and individual transitions of sd- and pf-shell nuclei. These features made them of particular importance for the description of the isospin-symmetry-breaking phenomena, such as energy splitting of the isobaric multiplets or isospin-forbidden transition rates. In this contribution, we demonstrate the applications of a recently constructed isospin non-conserving (INC) Hamiltonian in sd shell [Lam et al. Phys. Rev. C 87, 054304 (2013)]. First, we explore the partial decay scheme of 24Si and discuss the states affected by the Thomas-Ehrman shift. Second, we show the accuracy of the INC Hamiltonian for the description of the mirror energy differences.