FEATURES OF ECOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION AND CERTIFICATION OF DETERGENTS

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of issues related to the peculiarities of environmental standardization and certification of detergents. Particular attention is paid to the problems of eco-labeling of detergents in Ukraine. The article shows that the domestic environmental standardization and certification in comparison with the European has a number of unresolved issues. According to the results of the market analysis, significant use of uncertified detergents has been established, which accordingly has a number of negative consequences: destruction of aquatic ecosystems, waste generation, product falsification, unjustified increase in producer prices. The authors see the possibility of solving these problems by environmental certification of detergents with appropriate labeling, because it means that such products have been evaluated by competent professionals and meet the established requirements. The paper considers the normative documents and stages of environmental certification of detergents, further supervision of certified products and compliance with the rules of environmental labeling. It is shown that the result of certification is an environmental certificate, which indicates the successful completion of environmental certification and gives the right to use eco-labeling in the format of statements about environmental benefits and characteristics in combination with the eco-label. The issue of vague statements, unfounded application of concepts that indicate a general environmental advantage, examples are given. It is established that the regulatory framework of Ukraine for the regulation of product quality and safety management is not yet perfect. At the same time, a voluntary approach to the procedure of environmental standardization and certification can encourage unscrupulous producers to counterfeit products and pass them off as “eco” goods, while unreasonably raising prices.

Modeling and formation of environmental safety management systems of construction technologies

The structure of the components and control connections of the known environmental safety management systems of construction technologies (ESMSCT) have been studied; a method of ecological balance of innovative plans for the development of an object, territory, industry is proposed; the principles of the formation of construction technologies that provide ESMSCT with the necessary properties of stability have been studied: predetermination, stochasticity, globality, manufacturability, flexibility, efficiency, symmetry, harmony, organization and others; the following concepts were studied and selected for the formation of construction technologies: organization, sustainable development, environmental management, environmental marketing, environmental technical regulation, environmental standardization, environmental certification, environmental information paradigm.

Environmental Standardization in the System of Technical Regulation

The main sources of environmental hazards at various stages of the product life cycle are described, and ways are offered to remedy the current situation by: creating uniform rules for ensuring the environmental safety of products, taking into account its specific characteristics; the development of standards, the technical requirements of which would protect the environment from the harmful effects of products at all stages of its life cycle; the formation of a new category of standardization – regional standards that ensure the environmental safety of technical regulation, taking into account the particularities of the regions.

Environmental standardization of residential real estate according to “Green standards”

One of the difficult tasks for grееn developers in case of object certification is effective selection of the most suitable system from existing “green” standards. The goal of the work is to identify the most appropriate environmental certification system for our region. To solve this problem and choose the most optimal system, popular “green” standards were reviewed. For the detailed analysis of systems from the inside, an attempt to pre-certify the chosen object, a multi-apartment 16-storey residential building, was made. According to our work, the most suitable international system for category of buildings under study is the DGNB standard due to its adaptability and flexibility. Existing Russian standards, although created in Russia, basically trace over BREEAM and LEED and have a number of imperfections. Recommendation is given that the Russian "green" standard should not be just the adaptation of any foreign system. A number of criteria need to be worked out in more detailed way.

Insights from U.S. Experience to Guide International Reliance on Standardization

Sustainability in supply chain operations fundamentally relies on environmental standards, the traditional driver of investment in pollution control and a major factor in facilities site selection. While environmental standardization has traditionally focused on activities in nations and in some multinational regions, in the future a more international perspective is needed. Environmental standards spur investment in technologies enabling sustainable supply chain networks. The complex institutional framework of environmental standardization is a widely misunderstood socio-technical, political process. Experience with the development of legal constraints on standardization in the U.S. has produced problems in areas like intellectual property (IP), antitrust and public participation. Standardization venues often host collaborative development of innovation by uniquely fusing technology design and public policy development. Various constituencies are typically engaged: environmentalists; technologists; legislatures at national, regional or provincial levels; regulators at various levels of government; standards-setting organizations; upstream suppliers; downstream users; the connecting supply chains; and society's varied range of affected communities. This article reviews the role of standardization activities in setting environmental constraints, in the development of green technologies and in establishing metrics for environmental metrology, certification and monitoring. Implications from U.S. experience in managing environmental standardization are examined here to guide participation in international standardization activities. The risks of misunderstanding standardization are so significant that their disregard imperils competitiveness.