Explanations of some technical requirements for fire lanterns

В статье отражены результаты обсуждения наиболее актуальных вопросов, возникших при формировании технических требований к фонарям пожарным при разработке межгосударственного стандарта «Техника пожарная. Фонари пожарные. Общие технические требования. Методы испытаний». Предложения, требующие подробных разъяснений, касаются количества циклов применения фонаря, обоснования принятого уровня освещенности и разработки требований к нормированию светового потока источника света фонаря. На основании качественных испытаний четырех наиболее распространенных моделей групповых фонарей в подразделениях противопожарной службы Российской Федерации, проведенных испытательной лабораторией института в период с 2010 по 2018 год, сформулированы основные их эксплуатационные показатели. This article contains some comments and suggestions that caused a discussion during the consideration of the draft of the interstate standard provisions “Fire fighting equipment. Fire lanterns. General technical requirements. Test methods”. The proposals that require detailed explanations include issues related to the cycle life of lamp, the justification of the accepted level of illumination and the development of requirements for the normalization of the luminous flux of the lamp light source. As a reference point for determining the cycle life of the flashlight there was selected the battery. Based on the standard indicators of the resource of different types batteries the value of cycle life of the flashlight is equal to 400. On the base of the qualitative tests on the four most common models of group lamps in the divisions of the fire service of the Russian Federation, conducted by the testing laboratory of the Institute for the period from 2010 to 2018, the main operational indicators are formulated as the following: “The time of continuous illumination of the lamp under normal conditions according to GOST 15150, excluding the time of triggering the warning alarm (FPG), should be at least 5 hours; the illumination of the working surface with the lamp must be at least 1500 lux during the entire glow time”. The introduction of requirements for the normalization of the luminous flux of the light source of the lamp is not provided.

An Attempt to Track Two Grades of Road Bitumen from Different Plants Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to track binders produced by three different plants: plants A, B, and C. The work included the quality assessment of 80 bituminous materials graded as BND 70/100 and 100/130 according to GOST 33133 (Russian interstate standard) and chemical analyses using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR analyses were conducted before and after short-term ageing in a Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT). Thus, the number of binder samples was multiplied by two (2) for a final total of 160 infrared (IR) spectra. All infrared spectra were normalised to ensure the reliability of results, and the standard deviation and variance coefficient were included. The principal purpose of the present work was to track the origin and the ageing extent of the bituminous binders under study.

Features of the modern classification of macaroni products

The article analyzes the features of the Russian classification of macaroni products on the basis of the analysis of the current regulatory documents, as well as on the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union. It is shown that in the interstate standard GOST 31743-2017, the detailing of the classification of tubular, threadlike and ribbon pasta by subtypes was unjustifiably not included. The article reveals the lack of harmonization of the classification of macaroni products in domestic trade and for customs purposes, as well as differences in the terminology used.

Standardization of the quality of olive oil

For the EAEU member states, olive oil is mainly an imported product, for which an acute problem is not only its identification, but also its quality assessment. The lack of an interstate standard for olive oil forces us to address to Codex Alimentarius standards and look for taxes in the regulations for other liquid vegetable oils.

Suggestions for improved dependability-related terminology

Aim. This article aims to eliminate the shortcomings associated with the application of the conventional, yet insufficiently substantiated terms in the GOST 27.002-2015 interstate standard. Correct understanding and use of terms are of great significance for the activities of dependability experts.Methods. Shortcomings in terminology are eliminated by clarifying the definitions of the used terms. Several terms used in this standard were submitted to logical and terminological analysis that is based on statutory requirements and the semantic meanings of such terms. The premises were set forth in [8].Findings and conclusions. Definitions of several new terms, as well as those that do not meet the identified requirements are suggested: “dependability theory”, “dependability estimation”, “dependability calculation”, etc. The expressed considerations could provide the foundation for the adoption of agreed (com[1]promise) solutions.

Development of an Interstate Standard for Testing Procedures for Fruit and Berry Harvesters

Regulations that specify the requirements for fruit and berry harvesters during testing have been determined. The necessity of developing an interstate standard for test methods and software for evaluating these machines in accordance with the new interstate standard is substantiated. The main provisions of the prepared document and uptodate software for accelerated processing and analysis of test results are presented.

Comments on the contents of the dependability terminology standard

Aim. The long-lasting discussion of the dependability-related terminology is evidence of the relevance of the subject matter and, at the same time, identifies difficulties associated with finding middle-ground solutions. This article aims to eliminate the shortcomings associated with the application of the conventional, yet insufficiently substantiated terms in the GOST 27.002-2015 interstate standard. Correct understanding and use of terms are of great significance. Methods. The paper lays down the requirements for the used terminology in terms of internal logical consistency and identifies specific terms, the use of which violates such requirements. Several terms from the standard underwent a logical and terminological analysis based on statutory requirements and the semantic meanings of such terms. Findings and conclusions. The paper states that the perfection of terms, definitions and basic concepts comes down to the fact that a standard shall not contain synonyms, homonyms and terms previously adopted in other standards with new or modified definitions. The terminological analysis helped to identify the terms whose use is unjustified. It was noted that the term “dependability” is clearly defined as a property, whose content and meaning are set forth with adequate substantiation. However, other definitions of dependability in the standard are not substantiated. Several cases of the use of terms that do not comply with the proposed requirements were considered, e.g., “dependability estimation”, “dependability indicators estimation”, “state of item”, etc.

Review of the new interstate standard for bakery wheat

All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute for Grain and Products of its Processing has developed a new interstate standard – GOST 34702–2020 «Wheat bakery. Specifications», which is put into effect from March 1, 2021 and sets requirements for its quality and safety.

Energy and material saving technologies for construction of main pipelines for oil and gas transportation

Based on the study and analysis of technologies and technical means for transporting oil and gas through main pipelines, energy and material-saving methods of their construction are scientifically substantiated. A method for designing trunk oil and gas pipelines with variable wall thickness is proposed, which is possible under the conditions of the current interstate standard GOST 31447-2012. The technique is based on the use of methods of mathematical and statistical modeling and construction of a multifactor experiment and processing of experimental data. Based on the results of the construction of the model, the optimal parameters for the construction of pipelines were found, new technical solutions were proposed that would significantly reduce the energy and material consumption of laying pipes during one run, i.e. between transfer pumping stations.

Optimization of locating robotic total stations for determining the deformations of buildings and structures

Monitoring deformation processes is directly related to safety and carried out therefore with high measurement accuracy. In this case, high-precision equipment and tools are accordingly used. Following the interstate standard of measuring deformations of buildings and structures foundations on sandy clay soils, the permissible error in measuring displacements should not exceed 1 mm with calculated values of vertical or horizontal displacements up to 100 mm. In this regard, monitoring the structures’ deformations is carried out under a program that provides selecting the initial geodetic signs location. Currently, the use of robotic stations for tracking the displacements of various objects’ elements has gained wide popularity. Of course, permanent observations look preferable, first, because there aren’t any intervals in observations during which the negative development of the process can be missed. However, the matter of locating the station remains relevant. The authors provide an analysis of approaches to solving this task. The use of Distance-Angle resection is considered. The constraints of its use are shown. The results of applying the least-squares method are presented. A particular practical example demonstrates the methodology of selecting and evaluating the location accuracy of a monitoring station.