Changes in management of patients with diseases of musculoskeletal system and joints

Pain syndrome accompanies the vast majority of diseases; therefore, the issues of adequate pain relief remain topical not only for urgent conditions, but also for everyday medical practice. Modern and changed in recent years approaches to the appointment of anesthetic therapy should take into account not only the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of pain syndrome in a particular patient, but also the need to use drug combinations. This allows for the potentiation of the analgesic effect, reduction of effective dosages of individual drugs and minimization of side effects. In case of severe pain syndrome in the presence of signs of impaired nociception, neuropathic and muscle-fascial pain syndromes, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in conjunction with group B vitamins is justified. The article considers the pathogenetic details of such a combination therapy, reveals the mechanisms of the cooperative action of the proposed combination of drugs.

The use of premixes with an increased level of group B vitamins when rearing and fattening of young pigs

Vitamins take signifi cant place among the factors of complete feeding of pigs, their lack in the diet causes metabolic disorders, reduced productivity. The purpose of this work was to provide a practical justifi cation of diets for rearing and fattening young pigs based on concentrate mixtures enriched with mineral and vitamin premix with an increased content of group B vitamins. The selection of animals in groups has been carried out taking into account live weight, origin and health status, per 10 animals in each group. Animals in the control group have been fed a basic diet and premix P-554-89 in the amount of 1,0 % of the daily weight of the grain mixture, to piglets of the experimental group to the main diet with the mineral and vitamin premix of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture have been added. The eff ect of the mineral-vitamin premix with increased level of group B vitamins on the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism has been studied. The eff ectiveness of rearing and fattening young pigs on diets with a high content of group B vitamins (B1 , B2 , B3 , B5 , B6 , B12) has been proven. Inclusion of a premix with increased content of group B vitamins compared to the recipe P-55-4-89 in the amount of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture increases the productivity of young animals on fattening. At 8 months of age piglets reached a live weight of 109,1 kg, which was 8,8 kg or 8,77 % more than in control animals. The use of this premix in the amount of 1,0 % of the weight of the grain mixture reduces the prime-cost by 7,01 %, and the profi tability of rearing fattening young animals increases by 9,20 %.

Efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon

Ocular burns can lead to complex anatomic disorders and dysfunctions of the ocular surface, as well as palpebral conjunctiva and fornixes, resulting in permanent decrease in basal tear production in long-term period. Some patients need surgery to treat symblepharon and restore eyelids position, conjunctival fornixes and corneal transparency. Nonetheless, as a rule, it is impossible to resolve symptoms of dry eye due to loss of tear-producing elements. Severe decrease of tear production causes significant discomfort for such patients and enforce keratopathy even in good cosmetic result after surgery. To provide the most optimal results on the all steps of the rehabilitation for the patients with ocular burns, it is worth to add cornea reparants and artificial tears containing group B vitamins. On the basis of a clinical case was showed efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon. A cornea epithelization was enhanced and improved tear film stability (tear break-up time changed from 1 to 3 seconds). Moreover, such treatment also resulted in discomfort correction and better visual acuity (change from 0.1 to 0.4). Keywords: ocular burn, artificial tears, lubricants, dexpanthenol, pantothenic acid, B5, cyanocobalamin, B12, keratopathy, dry eye syndrome. For citation: Gushсhina M.B., Afanasyeva D.S. Efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):253–257 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2021-21-4-253-257.

Nutritional quality and use of whey in human food for its valorization

Whey is generated during cheese making and can be up to nine times the weight of cheese. The objective of this work is to highlight the nutritional quality and the importance of whey in order to explore other ways of valuing it in human food with a view to improving the nutritional quality of locally processed foods in Benin. To achieve this goal, a literature review was carried out between January and September 2020. The results revealed that whey contains more than 90% water. It also has a high content of lactose (75% of the dry matter), a low content of fat, soluble milk proteins (approximately 20% of total milk proteins) and various minerals. It also contains other components, such as citric acid and lactic acid, non-protein nitrogenous materials such as urea and uric acid and group B vitamins, mainly vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Whey is exploited indirectly through its constituents in the food and pharmaceutical industry and also directly through the production of some variants of cheese.

On the mechanisms of the synergistic action of tolperisone, meloxicam and B vitamins in the treatment of peripheral pain syndromes

Introduction: The combined use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants and group B vitamins is a promising direction for combined pharmacotherapy of peripheral pain syndromes.Purpose: to analyze the molecular mechanisms of the synergism of the muscle relaxant tolperisone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam and vitamins B1, B6 and B12 as part of complex pharmacotherapy of pain.Materials and methods: differential chemoreactome analysis of NSAID molecules and muscle relaxants, proteomic analysis of the effects of B vitamins.Results: Synergistic interactions are maintained by (1) inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and leukotriene A4 hydrolases; (2) inhibition of the effects of IL-1β, TNFα, NF-kB, TLR4, RANKL, matrix metalloproteinases; (3) antioxidant effect (increased expression of superoxide dismutase-1 and glutathione peroxidase). Group B vitamins enhance the effects of tolperisone and meloxicam due to the manifestation of independent anti-inflammatory (neutralization of homocysteine, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1b and factor NF-kB activity), analgesic (modulation of opioidergic pathways) and neuroprotective effects (support of amino acid expression, metabolism and neuro lipids, ATP synthesis and remyelination).Conclusions: The triple scheme “tolperisone + meloxicam + vitamins B1 / B6 / B12” is characterized by a number of undeniable advantages: (1) lack of dependence, (2) anti-inflammatory effect, (3) neuroprotective and remyelinating effects, (4) elimination of muscle hypertonicity. Such combination therapy can be used in patients of various age groups with comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases) and does not require an increase in NSAIDs and significantly reduces the risk of side effects.

Bioactive molecules of grape

The aim of this review article is to provide literature on the grape antioxidants. A very thorough literature search was conducted to describe the bioactive molecules of grapes with antioxidant power. Grape, fruit of wide culture, is very consumed and especially appreciated by the populations of North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia). Grape is a very energetic and refreshing fruit, so it is recommended for the feeding of children and athletes. Not only grape is a tonic provider, but it is also very nutritious because of the elements it contains, such as vitamin C and many group B vitamins. Moreover, grape contains several bioactive molecules with antioxidant character, which have beneficial effects for the human health. Many studies have also shown its effects following the frequent consumption of grapes or grape juice. Keywords: Grape, bioactive molecules, antioxidant, health.