THE FAILURES OF THE STATE REGULATION AT THE LABOR MARKET AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR MINIMIZATION

International cooperation, the development of the digital economy, and market globalization including the labor market became the reason for the production distribution and the transformation of the sector of employment. The national labor market is under the influence of combined tendencies, which result in diverging effects for its institutional entities. The state meets a number of problems, those restrain the formation of the labor market, which can meet modern economic needs and social challenges. The failures of the state regulation at the labor market are examined and combined into blocks, the main problems of each group (block) are highlighted; their solving will specify the state politics in the sector of employment. The methods of research such as system analysis, comparative analysis, structural-functional analysis, method of statistical aggregation, expert evaluation, etc. are used. The system of failures of state regulation at the labor market is examined. It is structured according to the generalized groups: delayed development and archaic nature of the employment structure, atypicality of labor market adaptation, disequilibrium of the labor market, destruction of social dialogue at the labor market, inequality of incomes, the low level of employment law enforcement. The development entities, manifest particularity, possible negative outcomes, their easing, and the ways out are specified for each group, which characterizes the failures of the state regulation at the labor market. The public policy in the sector of employment, which will form the unique possibility to act in a new way giving the priorities to the new elements, principles, and rules of cooperation at the labor market in the context of uncertainty and perpetual crisis is proposed. The importance of the development of the state regulation strategic course according to the generalized groups, which specifies the manifests of Ukrainian and European labor markets’ divergence is highlighted.

Circular Migration between Russia and CIS Countries in a Crisis: Scope and Consequences

Based on statistics of the General Administration for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation, article examines dynamics and scale of circular migration between Russia and CIS countries between the years 20162019, prior to socioeconomic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Article attempts to assess adequacy of indicators used by current accounting methodology for analyzing migration situation. Author analyzes development of circular migration exchange, including the processes of explicit and clandestine labor migration, in regional context (Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Western CIS countries). Reasons for multidirectional dynamics of migration flow between Russia and certain CIS regions are identified, having to do with the size of their demographic potential, presence of excess working population, and capacity to access Russian and European labor markets. As an indicator of perception for immigration from Southern, predominantly Muslim CIS countries and related problems, data from all-Russian sociological surveys are used. Study shows the discrepancy between prevalence in expert community which is widely replicated in media statements about declining influx of migrants into Russia in recent years, moreover real development of migration situation, which develops in the opposite direction.

The Racialized and Gendered Workplace: Applying an Intersectional Lens to a Field Experiment on Hiring Discrimination in Five European Labor Markets

We draw on a field experiment conducted in five European countries to analyze hiring discrimination on the basis of gender and race. We adopt an intersectional perspective and relate existing theories on gender and racial discrimination to recent work on the gendered stereotype content of different races. We find that employers prefer hiring white women over men for female-typed jobs. By contrast, women of color do not have any advantage over men of the same race. Moreover, black and Middle Eastern men encounter the strongest racial discrimination in male-typed jobs, where it is possible that their stereotyped masculinity, made salient by the occupational context, is perceived as threatening. Overall, we argue that the employment chances of applicants of different gender and racial backgrounds are highly dependent on their perceived congruence (or lack thereof) with the feminine or masculine traits of the job they apply to.

The Dilemma of Gender Equality: How Labor Market Regulation Divides Women by Class

Women shoulder a heavier burden of family work than men in modern society, preventing them from matching male success in the external labor market. Limiting working hours is a plausible way to level the playing field by creating the possibility of less gendered roles for both sexes. But why then are heavily regulated European labor markets associated with a smaller share of women in top management positions compared with liberal market economies such as in the United States? We explain this puzzle with reference to the difficulty of ambitious women to signal their commitment to high-powered careers in regulated markets.

Stressed Economies, Distressed Policies, and Distraught Young People

This chapter adopts a critical perspective on policymaking in European labor markets before, during, and after the Great Recession. Using extensive analysis of recent policies at the flexibility–security interface, the chapter identifies four key weaknesses in relation to young people: There was an over-reliance on supply-side policies and quantitative targets, reforms were driven by macroeconomic stability goals rather than by a coherent vision for the labor market, reforms focused on a downward pressure on job security and employability despite slack labor demand, and there was limited consideration of the impact of precariousness and career insecurity on young people and their life courses. It is argued that European and national employment policy need to focus on durable and resilient labor markets for young women and men transitioning from school to work in the postcrisis period.