Stressed Economies, Distressed Policies, and Distraught Young People

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Smith ◽  
Janine Leschke ◽  
Helen Russell ◽  
Paola Villa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Labor Markets

This chapter adopts a critical perspective on policymaking in European labor markets before, during, and after the Great Recession. Using extensive analysis of recent policies at the flexibility–security interface, the chapter identifies four key weaknesses in relation to young people: There was an over-reliance on supply-side policies and quantitative targets, reforms were driven by macroeconomic stability goals rather than by a coherent vision for the labor market, reforms focused on a downward pressure on job security and employability despite slack labor demand, and there was limited consideration of the impact of precariousness and career insecurity on young people and their life courses. It is argued that European and national employment policy need to focus on durable and resilient labor markets for young women and men transitioning from school to work in the postcrisis period.

scholarly journals Immigrants Equilibrate Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the Great Recession

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Cadena ◽  
Brian K. Kovak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Employment Probabilities

This paper demonstrates that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants' location choices respond strongly to changes in local labor demand, which helps equalize spatial differences in employment outcomes for low-skilled native workers. We leverage the substantial geographic variation in labor demand during the Great Recession to identify migration responses to local shocks and find that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants respond much more strongly than low-skilled natives. Further, Mexican mobility reduced the incidence of local demand shocks on natives, such that those living in metro areas with a substantial Mexican-born population experienced a roughly 50 percent weaker relationship between local shocks and local employment probabilities. (JEL E32, J15, J23, J24, J61, R23)

Influence of traditional Vietnamese culture on the utilisation of mainstream health services for sexual health issues by second-generation Vietnamese Australian young women

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Rawson ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vietnamese Culture

Background: The present paper discusses the impact the traditional Vietnamese culture has on the uptake of mainstream health services for sexual health matters by Vietnamese Australian young women. It is part of a wider qualitative study that explored the factors that shaped the sexual behaviour of Vietnamese Australian young women living in Australia. Methods: A Grounded Theory methodology was used, involving in-depth interviews with 15 Vietnamese Australian young women aged 18 to 25 years who reside in Victoria, Australia. Results: The findings demonstrated that the ethnicity of the general practitioner had a clear impact on the women utilising the health service. They perceived that a Vietnamese doctor would hold the traditional view of sex as held by their parents’ generation. They rationalised that due to cultural mores, optimum sexual health care could only be achieved with a non-Vietnamese health professional. Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that cultural influences can impact on the sexual health of young people from culturally diverse backgrounds and in Australia’s multicultural society, provision of sexual health services must acknowledge the specific needs of ethnically diverse young people.

TIMING OF SEXUAL DEBUT AMONG UNMARRIED YOUTHS AGED 15–24 YEARS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Amo-Adjei ◽  
Derek Anamaale Tuoyire
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study aimed to contribute to the evidence on the timing of sexual debut in young people in sub-Saharan African countries. Data were extracted from 34 nationally representative surveys conducted in the region between 2006 and 2014. The study sample comprised unmarried women (n=167,932) and men (n=76,900) aged 15–24 years. Descriptive techniques and Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the timing of sexual debut, and Kaplan–Meier hazard curves were used to describe the patterns of sexual debut in each country by sex. For the countries studied, sexual debut for both women and men occurred between the ages of 15 and 18 years, with median ages of 16 for women and 17 for men. Overall, education and household wealth provided significant protection against early sexual debut among women, but the reverse was found among men for wealth. Women in rural areas, in female-headed households and in Central, South and West Africa reported higher hazards of early commencement of sexual activity than their counterparts in urban, male-headed households and East Africa. However, the impact of these variables on male sexual debut did not follow a consistent pattern. Varied timing, as well as country-specific risk factors associated with sexual debut for young women and men across sub-Saharan Africa, were identified. Sexual health programmes and interventions for young people may require different approaches for young women and men.

IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON EMPLOYMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 553 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Władysław Bogdan Sztyber
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the impact of the level of education on the employment rate of employees in the EU. This relationship is derived, among others from the survey of employment rates of graduates from the last three years aged 20–34 according to the highest education obtained. Another way to study the impact of the level of education on the employment of young people is the employment rate of graduates one year after graduation. The article also notes the impact of the level of education on the transition from school to work. The impact of the level of education on employment is also reflected in the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals PATTERN AND DETERMINANT OF SUCCESSFUL SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ISLAMIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT, JORDAN AND BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muh Ulil Absor ◽  
Iwu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Successful School ◽  
The Impact

This study considers the impact of conservative cultures, by comparing the patterns and determinants of the successful school-to-work transition of young people in Egypt, Jordan and Bangladesh. This study argues that the most consistent and significant influence of successful transition among male and female youth are micro predictors compared to mezzo and macro predictors. This study found that male and female youth are treated differently during their school-to-work transition. Conservative culture has negative influences on the successful transition of female youth while a positive transition is experienced by male youth. Education is a key strategy in reducing the negative impacts of conservative culture and promoting successful school-to-work transition particularly if both male and female youth are to attain stable employment.

scholarly journals Beyond the ‘stop gap’: young (adult) women’s experiences of living with parents in the aftermath of the Greek austerity crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kazana-McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Social Restructuring ◽  
The Impact

In the context of greater strains imposed by the post-2008 global financial crisis, it has become more commonplace for young people to live with their parents for extended periods. Beyond a domination of Anglophone research, far less is known about whether these experiences of living with parents vary in countries with different economic and cultural contexts. This article focuses on young women in contemporary Greece – a society undergoing radical social restructuring in the wake of the post-2008 economic crisis. Drawing on qualitative interviews with young university-educated women in urban Greece (n=36), the article argues that the current fiscal crisis alongside long-standing patriarchal norms place a significant burden on the lives of these young women. It concludes that evaluation of the impact of financial crisis on the living arrangements of young people should carefully assess the interaction of the gender and cultural aspects of family lives.

A New Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-476
Author(s):  
Johanna Wyn ◽  
Dan Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Youth Transitions

This chapter takes a critical lens to the field of youth transitions. The authors argue that the concept of youth as a period of transition has tended to ossify around school-to-work trajectories, obscuring the significance of other life spheres, such as leisure, friendship, and culture. Although youth transitions scholars can, and indeed are, beginning to account for a wider variety of transitions and do attempt to interrogate the impact of class, gender, and race on transition outcomes, the concept of transitions to adulthood underestimates the historically specific nature of youth, and adulthood, and is ill-suited to identifying the life course effects of youth experience. The authors draw on examples from their longitudinal research on two generations of young Australians to introduce a social generational framework that highlights the changing nature of youth and adulthood, as the stalwarts of transition patterns (education into work) are disrupted by trends toward lifelong learning and precarious work. The current generation of young Australians, like their counterparts in many other countries, have to navigate new transition regimes that involve a considerable investment of time and money in education. Yet globally competitive labor markets mean that the pay-off for education is often difficult to attain. These conditions, the authors argue, create a “new adulthood,” which is an outcome of a generational accommodation to the changing rules of the game of transition from education to work. They use this concept to move debate beyond claims that youth is simply an extended transition before adult status is reached.

scholarly journals Walking on broken glass: gender as predictor of job precariousness among young people in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Solano Lucas ◽  
Marcos Bote Díaz ◽  
Juan Antonio Clemente Soler ◽  
José Ángel Matínez López ◽  
Lola Frutor Balibrea
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Hierarchical Segmentation ◽  
Contract Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precarious Jobs

Previous evidence reveals that socioeconomic factors, such as contract duration, occupation, activity sector, age, training, nationality, marital status or gender, lead to precariousness. This research looks into the intersectionality of inequalities in order to explain the impact of precariousness among young people based on gender. Data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (EPA) from 2005 to 2016 has been analyzed using logistic regression and hierarchical segmentation. Results suggest that the economic crisis has widened the gender gap in precarious jobs, such that currently, young women are more likely to face precarious situations as compared to young men.

Soldier, Sailor, Rebel, Rule Breaker

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Cynthia Miller-Idriss
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Masculine Behavior ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Clothing Choices

This chapter focuses on how youth fashion and style serve as markers and expressions of belonging and resistance in ways that mutually reinforce masculinity and nationalism. The chapter shows that style is deeply personal and intentional for young people. While research on young women has long discussed issues of body image, the interview data discussed here shows that clothing choices are also embedded in body image and in conceptions of masculinity for young men. The chapter focuses in particular on two emotional articulations of masculinity that are heavily marketed through the products: the desire for male comradeship and belonging, and the urge to express resistance, frustration, and anger at mainstream society. It also shows how the products idealize male strength and physicality, drawing on muscular, tattooed Viking warriors with inflated biceps and hypermasculine models that may appeal to adolescent males who feel pressured to conform to scripted ideals about appropriate masculine behavior and physique. Hypermasculine symbols like Viking gods thus become intertwined with youth fantasies of a romantic, pure, and untroubled past in ways that may help them navigate the transition to adult life and uncertain labor markets.

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