Bis[2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl] Phosphate as a Primer for Enamel and Dentine

Dental resin composites are commonly used in the restorative management of teeth via adhesive bonding, which has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Although current self-etch bonding systems decrease the number of clinical steps, the acidic functional monomers employed exhibit a limited extent of demineralization of enamel in comparison to phosphoric acid etchants, and the resultant superficial ionic interactions are prone to hydrolysis. This study evaluates the etching of primers constituted with bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) of dental hard tissue, interfacial characteristics, and inhibition of endogenous enzymes. We examine the incorporation of 2 concentrations of BMEP in the formulation of experimental primers used with a hydrophobic adhesive to constitute a 2-step self-etching bonding system and compare to a commercial 10–methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)–containing system. The interaction of the primer with enamel and dentine was characterized using scanning electron, confocal laser scanning, and Raman microscopy while the polymerization reaction between the BMEP primers and hydroxyapatite was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes of these primers was studied and percentage of inhibition analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test ( P < 0.05). Results of the scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated potent etching of both enamel and dentine with the formation of longer resin tags with BMEP primers compared to the 10-MDP–based system. The BMEP polymerized on interaction with pure hydroxyapatite in the dark, while the 10-MDP primer exhibited the formation of salts. Furthermore, BMEP primers were able to inhibit MMP activity in a dose-dependent manner. BMEP could be used as a self-etching primer on enamel and dentine, and the high degree of polymerization in the presence of hydroxyapatite can contribute to an increased quality of the resin polymer network, prompting resistance to gelatinolytic and collagenolytic degradation.

Synthesis of phosphorus-containing pseudopoliamino acids of polyester type

The method of obtaining phosphorus-containing polyester by the Steglich reaction is considered. The results of studies on the production of polyesteresters using ethyl phosphate group in the structure of dipolyethyleneglycolethylphosphate are presented. The obtained polymer was characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The composition of polyester ether was evaluated and its end groups were analyzed.

Phosphates-Containing Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) Acting as Slow Release Fertilizer Hydrogels (SRFHs) Suitable for Agricultural Applications

Novel, phosphorus-containing slow release fertilizer hydrogels (SRFHs) composed of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with very good swelling and mechanical properties have been obtained and characterized. It was found that introducing organophosphorus polymer based on a commercially available monomer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP), as the IPN’s first component network results in much better swelling properties than for a terpolymer with acrylic acid (AAc), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MEP) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) when the same weight ratios of monomers are employed. The procedure described in this paper enables the introduction of much larger amounts of phosphorus into polymer structures without significant loss of water regain ability, which is crucial in the application of such materials in the agricultural field.

Design of Crosslinked Hydrogels Comprising Poly(Vinylphosphonic Acid) and Bis[2-(Methacryloyloxy)Ethyl] Phosphate as an Efficient Adsorbent for Wastewater Dye Removal

The development of adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and fast separation is of utmost importance for the environmental management of dye-bearing wastewaters. Within this scope, crosslinked hydrogels including poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) were designed with varying mole ratios of BMEP (5–40%). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results revealed that the fabrication of crosslinked PVPA-BMEP hydrogels enhanced: (i) functionalities of PA groups in the structure of hydrogels, (ii) thermal stabilities up to 250 °C, and (iii) interaction between methylene blue (MB) molecules and hydrogels. The pseudo second-order kinetic model best described the experimental adsorption data. The behaviors of the isotherms were more appropriate for Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm for the experimental data. PVPA-BMEP (40%) hydrogel indicated a fast and an outstanding MB adsorption capacity of 2841 mg g−1, which has not been reported yet for polymer hydrogels, to the best of our knowledge. The thermodynamic studies concluded that MB adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The overall results suggest that the designed and fabricated PVPA-BMEP hydrogels have great potential for the efficient removal of coloring materials from wastewaters.