A comprehensive model for cyber risk based on marked point processes and its application to insurance

After scrutinizing technical, legal, financial, and actuarial aspects of cyber risk, a new approach for modelling cyber risk using marked point processes is proposed. Key covariates, required to model frequency and severity of cyber claims, are identified. The presented framework explicitly takes into account incidents from malicious untargeted and targeted attacks as well as accidents and failures. The resulting model is able to include the dynamic nature of cyber risk, while capturing accumulation risk in a realistic way. The model is studied with respect to its statistical properties and applied to the pricing of cyber insurance and risk measurement. The results are illustrated in a simulation study.

Coordination games in cancer

We propose a model of cancer initiation and progression where tumor growth is modulated by an evolutionary coordination game. Evolutionary games of cancer are widely used to model frequency-dependent cell interactions with the most studied games being the Prisoner's Dilemma and public goods games. Coordination games, by their more obscure and less evocative nature, are left understudied, despite the fact that, as we argue, they offer great potential in understanding and treating cancer. In this paper we present the conditions under which coordination games between cancer cells evolve, we propose aspects of cancer that can be modeled as results of coordination games, and explore the ways through which coordination games of cancer can be exploited for therapy.

Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks

In this work, the author has evaluated the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the human tissue such as blood, skin and fat for single-path and multi-path layers according to nano sensor transmit power calculations. In particular, the propagation characteristics of the Intra-Body Nano-Network communication channel are calculated using a theoretical approach. The analysis in this paper provides an evaluation related to the path loss, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio and the channel capacity. The model is evaluated for each single-path effect and multi-path effect. The effects of human tissue for each blood, skin and fat for single-path effect and multi-path are included in the analysis. The model frequency range is chosen from 0.01 to 1.5 THz frequencies, which are ideal for designing nano sensors antennae and using THz range for communication. This paper will also guide other researchers who are working on the electromagnetic radiation performance of Intra-Body Nano-Network and Nano sensors designed at the THz range.

Life Course Transitions and Changes in Alcohol Consumption Among Older Irish Adults: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether trajectories of older adults’ alcohol consumption are influenced by the following life course transitions, relationship status, employment status, and self-rated health. Method: Volume and frequency of drinking were harmonized across first three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 4,295). Multilevel regression models were used to model frequency, average weekly consumption, and heavy episodic drinking. Results: Men and women drank more frequently over time, with frequency decreasing with age for women. Average weekly consumption decreased over time and with increasing age. Transitions in self-rated health, particularly those reflecting poorer health, were associated with lower frequency and weekly consumption. Heavy episodic drinking decreased with age. Men who were retired across all waves were more likely to engage in heavy episodic drinking at baseline. Discussion: Despite the decline in average weekly consumption and heavy episodic drinking, the observed quantities consumed and the increase in frequency of consumption suggest that older Irish adults remain vulnerable to alcohol-related harms.

Progress in LPC-based frequency-domain audio coding

This paper describes the progress in frequency-domain linear prediction coding (LPC)-based audio coding schemes. Although LPC was originally used only for time-domain speech coders, it has been applied to frequency-domain coders since the late 1980s. With the progress in associated technologies, the frequency-domain LPC-based audio coding scheme has become more promising, and it has been used in speech/audio coding standards, such as MPEG-D unified speech and audio coding and 3GPP enhanced voice services since 2010. Three of the latest investigations on the representations of LPC envelopes in frequency-domain coders are shown. These are the harmonic model, frequency-resolution warping and the Powered All-Pole Spectral Envelope, all of which are aiming at further enhancement of the coding efficiency.

Dislocation strain as the mechanism of phonon scattering at grain boundaries

Thermal conductivities of polycrystalline thermoelectric materials are satisfactorily calculated by replacing the commonly used Casimir model (freqeuncy-independent) with grain boundary dislocation strain model (frequency-dependent) of Klemens. It is demonstrated that the grain boundaries are better described as a collection of dislocations rather than perfectly scattering interfaces.

IR Spectra, Elastic and Dielectric Properties of Li–Mn Ferrite

Polycrystalline ferrites, , (where and ), were prepared by using ceramic method. Single phase cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray diffractometer. The lattice parameter “a” was found to increase with increasing ion substitution. IR spectra of the samples were recorded from 200 to 1000 cm−1. The two primary bands corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral were observed at about 575 cm−1 and 370 cm−1, respectively. Elastic properties of these mixed ferrites were estimated as a function of composition. Young's modulus , rigidity modulus , bulk modulus , Debye temperature (), and mean sound velocity () were calculated from the transverse () and longitudinal () wave velocities. The variation of elastic moduli with composition was interpreted in terms of binding forces between the atoms of spinel lattice. AC conductivity and dielectric properties of the samples were measured at room temperature over 100 Hz–1 MHz. The electrical conduction mechanism could be explained with the electron hopping model. Frequency exponential factor was calculated and it was found between 0.4 and 0.8.