Blue Carbon Accounting as Metrics to Be Taken into Account Towards the Target of GHG Emissions Mitigation in Fisheries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Entrena Barbero ◽  
Gumersindo Feijoo ◽  
Sara González-García ◽  
María Teresa Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

Costs and Benefits of the Transition to Low-carbon Economyin Russia: Perspectives up to 2050

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov ◽  
A. Myshak
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Very High

This paper investigates costs and benefits associated with low-carbon economic development pathways realization to the mid XXI century. 30 scenarios covering practically all “visions of the future” were developed by several research groups based on scenario assumptions agreed upon in advance. It is shown that with a very high probability Russian energy-related GHG emissions will reach the peak before 2050, which will be at least 11% below the 1990 emission level. The height of the peak depends on portfolio of GHG emissions mitigation measures. Efforts to keep 2050 GHG emissions 25-30% below the 1990 level bring no GDP losses. GDP impact of deep GHG emission reduction - by 50% of the 1990 level - varies from plus 4% to minus 9%. Finally, very deep GHG emission reduction - by 80% - may bring GDP losses of over 10%.

scholarly journals Proximal sensing for soil carbon accounting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Raphael Armando Viscarra Rossel
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon (C) is important for securing food production, and for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate change and land degradation. Some land management practices in cropping, grazing, horticultural and mixed farming systems can be used to increase organic C in soil, but to assess their effectiveness, we need accurate and cost-efficient methods for measuring and monitoring the change. To determine the stock of organic C in soil, one needs measurements of soil organic C concentration, bulk density and gravel content, but using conventional laboratory-based analytical methods is expensive. Our aim here is to review the current state of proximal sensing for the development of new soil C accounting methods for emissions reporting and in emissions reduction schemes. We evaluated sensing techniques in terms of their rapidity, cost, accuracy, safety, readiness and their state of development. The most suitable technique for measuring soil organic C concentrations appears to be vis–NIR spectroscopy and for bulk density active gamma-ray attenuation. Sensors for measuring gravel have not been developed, but an interim solution with rapid wet-sieving and automated measurement appears useful. Field-deployable, multi-sensor systems are needed for cost-efficient soil C accounting. Proximal sensing can be used for soil organic C accounting, but the methods need to be standardised and procedural guidelines need to be developed to ensure proficient measurement and accurate reporting and verification. This is particularly important if the schemes use financial incentives for landholders to adopt management practices to sequester soil organic C. We list and discuss the requirements for the development of new soil C accounting methods that are based on proximal sensing, including requirements for recording, verification and auditing.

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture Technologies Positively Contributing to GHG Emissions Mitigation, Farm Productivity and Economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Balafoutis ◽  
Bert Beck ◽  
Spyros Fountas ◽  
Jurgen Vangeyte ◽  
Tamme Wal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

Processes and magnitude of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from liming of Australian acidic soils: a review

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Page ◽  
D. E. Allen ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
W. Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Induced Changes

Increases in soil acidification have led to large increases in the application of aglime to Australian agricultural soils. The addition of aglime has the potential to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the release of CO2 during the chemical dissolution of aglime and due to pH-induced changes to soil biological processes. Currently, Australia’s GHG accounting system assumes that all the carbon contained in aglime is released to the atmosphere during dissolution in accordance with the Tier 1 methodology of the IPCC. However, a recent approach by TO West and AC McBride has questioned this assumption, hypothesising that a proportion of the carbon from riverine-transported aglime may be sequestered in seawater. In addition, there is presently no capacity within Australia’s carbon accounting system to quantify changes to GHG emissions from lime-induced changes to soil biological processes. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to examine the chemical and biological processes occurring during the application of aglime and the subsequent fluxes in CO2, N2O, and CH4 from soil, with particular reference to the Australian environment. Estimates for CO2 emissions from aglime application in Australia using the contrasting methodologies of the IPCC and West and McBride were compared. Using the methodology of the IPCC it was determined that from the aglime applied in Australia in 2002, 0.995 Tg of CO2 would have been emitted, whereas this figure was reduced to 0.659–0.860 Tg of CO2 using the methodology of West and McBride. However, the accuracy of these estimates is currently limited by poor understanding of the manner in which aglime moves within the Australian landscapes. In addition, there are only a very small number of Australian studies that have examined the effect of aglime on GHG emissions due to changes in soil biological processes, limiting the ability of Australian modellers to accurately incorporate these processes within the carbon accounting system.

Using values economics to add mitigation of greenhouse gases to dairy selection tools

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
E Wall ◽  
D Moran
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Selection Tools

The economic appraisal of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is complex. The shadow price of carbon (SPC) is derived from the best estimate of the present value of damages associated with a tonne of GHG emission in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2 eq). The SPC rises with time, reflecting the increasing marginal damage of a tonne of GHG when added to a growing stock of atmospheric GHGs. There are many possible technical mitigation options for livestock systems, one of which includes harnessing selection tools. The study of Stott et al. (2005) describes how relative economic values (REVs) are calculated for traits included in the UK dairy profit index (£PLI) using dynamic programming tools to model a whole farm system. The REV for each trait is calculated by examining the consequence of a unit change in a trait of interest on net farm revenue, while keeping all other traits in the index fixed. The SPC provides a useful mechanism of considering the costs of GHG emissions in an economic index framework, such as £PLI. This study outlines methods for incorporating the environmental value of emissions mitigation into breeding goals.

scholarly journals Research and Development of a DNDC Online Model for Farmland Carbon Sequestration and GHG Emissions Mitigation in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaidi Jiang ◽  
Shan Yin ◽  
Xianxian Zhang ◽  
Changsheng Li ◽  
Guangrong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

The potential challenge for the effective GHG emissions mitigation of urban energy consumption: A case study of Macau

2022 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 106717
Author(s):  
Kaihan Cai ◽  
Cuixia Sun ◽  
Haoxuan Wang ◽  
Qingbin Song ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Urban Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Challenge

Voluntary Emissions Reduction

2011 ◽  
pp. 241-273
Author(s):  
Robert Bailis ◽  
Neda Arabshahi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Set Up

While binding regulations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have yet to be introduced outside of a limited number of high-emitting sectors in the EU, several organizations have set up voluntary GHG programs that promote firm-level inventories and/or emission reductions. Many argue that these programs are not forceful or rigorous enough to result in real emissions reductions and may simply encourage “greenwashing.” In 2007, the United Nations Global Compact initiated the voluntary Caring for Climate (C4C) platform for businesses wishing to demonstrate climate leadership. To assess how voluntary emissions reduction programs have performed, this study examines the progress that C4C signatories have made. The results show widely dispersed GHG quantities and a range of reduction plans. Due to the lack of uniform, comparable data, the authors call for standardized, clearly defined carbon accounting guidelines as the first step towards effective corporate GHG management.

Carbon accounting in the United Kingdom water sector: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2721-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Industry Investment

The UK is committed to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and has introduced a number of initiatives to achieve these. Until recently, these targeted energy-intensive industries and, thus, the water sector was not significantly affected. However, from 2010, UK water companies will need to report their emissions under the Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC). Both Ofwat (the economic regulator for water companies in England and Wales) and the Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation (NIAUR) now require annual reporting of GHG emissions in accordance with both Defra Guidelines and the CRC. Also, carbon impacts must now be factored into all water industry investment planning in England and Wales. Building on existing approaches, the industry has developed standardised carbon accounting methodologies to meet both of these requirements. This process has highlighted gaps in knowledge where further research is needed.

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