Super-resolved 3D mapping of molecular orientation with vibrational techniques

When a sample has an anisotropic structure, it is possible to obtain different information, when changing polarization of incident light. Using polarized light of a single vibrational band to determine the in-plane orientation and internal ordering of a sample is a typical practice in materials science. Acquiring mapping data at four different polarizations with a stationary sample than just at two polarizations offers much more insight into the sample structure with proper mathematical treatment. A concurrent analysis of two vibrational bands with perpendicular transition moment orientations allows the understanding of the orientational ordering in three dimensions. We show here, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of concurrent analysis to IR spectromicroscopy data and obtain orientation angles of a model spherulite polycaprolactone sample. Moreover, we show that this method can be easily applied to high resolution, diffraction limited FT-IR and Raman imaging and even to sub-diffraction limit O-PTIR imaging. Due to the non-tomographic experimental approach, no image distortion is visible and nanometer scale orientation domains can be observed. 3D bond orientation maps will enable in-depth characterization of sample structure in a quantitative manner enabling more precise control of their physicochemical properties and function.

Super-resolved 3D mapping of molecular orientation with vibrational techniques

When a sample has an anisotropic structure, it is possible to obtain different information, when changing polarization of incident light. Using polarized light of a single vibrational band to determine the in-plane orientation and internal ordering of a sample is a typical practice in materials science. Acquiring mapping data at four different polarizations with a stationary sample than just at two polarizations offers much more insight into the sample structure with proper mathematical treatment. A concurrent analysis of two vibrational bands with perpendicular transition moment orientations allows the understanding of the orientational ordering in three dimensions. We show here, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of concurrent analysis to IR spectromicroscopy data and obtain orientation angles of a model spherulite polycaprolactone sample. Moreover, we show that this method can be easily applied to high resolution, diffraction limited FT-IR and Raman imaging and even to sub-diffraction limit O-PTIR imaging. Due to the non-tomographic experimental approach, no image distortion is visible and nanometer scale orientation domains can be observed. 3D bond orientation maps will enable in-depth characterization of sample structure in a quantitative manner enabling more precise control of their physicochemical properties and function.

Evaluation of Erosion Discharge Characteristics in Inclined Plane Tracking and Erosion Tests on Silicone Rubber under AC and DC Voltages

This paper investigates partial discharge (PD) characteristics that lead to the erosion of silicone rubber (SR) polymer under AC stress and DC stress of both polarities. The experiments are performed on high temperature vulcanized (HTV) SR material samples. The inclined plane test apparatus, constructed in accordance with IEC 60587 requirements, is employed to produce the surface partial discharges and the resulting accelerated aging of the specimens. Two commercial instruments are used to obtain the PD data. A concurrent analysis of visual observations of discharge and PD data is performed to classify discharges based on the severity of material degradation that each type causes. Three types of PD are identified and characterized using diagrams of charge magnitude versus time and a signal processing technique called time-frequency mapping. Individual pulse waveshapes of each type of discharge are also analyzed. PD pulse waveforms are analyzed according to their amplitude, energy, pulse width, and frequency spectrum. These pulse waveform parameters are evaluated and compared for the eroding discharge pulses under AC and DC voltage stresses. It is found that the stages of material degradation during IPT are related to the variations in discharge magnitude and the location of pulse clusters on the time-frequency maps.

Concurrent analysis of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate from tablet formulation by RP-HPLC

RP-HPLC method was developed for concurrent analysis of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate from tablet formulation. Analytes were separated with mobile phase consisting of mixture of methanol and water (0.1% triethylamine) in the ratio 50: 50 at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min with Nucleosil (4.6 mm I.D x 250 mm) C18 column. The retention time of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate was found to be 3.61 and 6.20 min, respectively. The detection was carried out at 224 nm. The dynamic range for ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate observed was 15-75 µg/ml and 1-5 µg/ml, respectively. The percent recovery obtained for ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate were close to 100%. Obtained statistical data of results was found to satisfactorily.

Factors associated with survival of reintroduced riparian brush rabbits in California

The riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) is an endangered species found in dense, brushy habitat in the California's Central Valley. We implemented a reintroduction program to bolster populations at a Federal Wildlife Refuge and to assess factors influencing mortality and subsequent survival of released individuals. Between July 2002 and July 2005, we reintroduced 325 captive-bred individuals to unoccupied habitat within their historic range using a soft-release strategy and monitored their subsequent survival with radiotelemetry. Longer time in soft-release pens resulted in increased monthly survival. Rabbits were most susceptible to post-release mortality during the first 4 weeks following reintroduction and both body mass and length of time in the soft-release enclosure influenced this relationship. When we controlled for release mortality during this acclimation period, subsequent monthly survival probabilities were most strongly influenced by release year (year 1 vs. years 2 and 3) and by a catastrophic flooding event; length of time in the soft-release enclosure remained an important variable in longer-term survival. Cause of mortality was unknown for the majority of deaths (61.9%), but predation (including presumptive predation) was the greatest known cause of death in translocated rabbits (26.4%). Reintroduction programs should employ an adaptive management approach with ongoing monitoring of target animals and concurrent analysis to allow managers to adjust methods as conditions dictate. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors associated with survival of reintroduced riparian brush rabbits in California

The riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) is an endangered species found in dense, brushy habitat in the California's Central Valley. We implemented a reintroduction program to bolster populations at a Federal Wildlife Refuge and to assess factors influencing mortality and subsequent survival of released individuals. Between July 2002 and July 2005, we reintroduced 325 captive-bred individuals to unoccupied habitat within their historic range using a soft-release strategy and monitored their subsequent survival with radiotelemetry. Longer time in soft-release pens resulted in increased monthly survival. Rabbits were most susceptible to post-release mortality during the first 4 weeks following reintroduction and both body mass and length of time in the soft-release enclosure influenced this relationship. When we controlled for release mortality during this acclimation period, subsequent monthly survival probabilities were most strongly influenced by release year (year 1 vs. years 2 and 3) and by a catastrophic flooding event; length of time in the soft-release enclosure remained an important variable in longer-term survival. Cause of mortality was unknown for the majority of deaths (61.9%), but predation (including presumptive predation) was the greatest known cause of death in translocated rabbits (26.4%). Reintroduction programs should employ an adaptive management approach with ongoing monitoring of target animals and concurrent analysis to allow managers to adjust methods as conditions dictate. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

TINJAUAN KELENGKAPAN FORMULIR RESUME MEDIS DENGAN REGULASI SNARS (STANDAR NASIONAL AKREDITASI RUMAH SAKIT) DI RSUD dr. SOEDONO MADIUN

Rekam Medis adalah bukti tertulis yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan isinya, salah satunya yaitu resume medis. Tujuannya agar dapat memudahkan pihak rumah sakit jika terdapat tuntutan hukum di pengadilan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui isi resume medis secara kuantitatif dan SNARS. Mengetahui kelengkapan formulir resume medis dengan regulasi SNARS (Standar Nasional Akreditasi Rumah Sakit) di RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi dengan checklist. Hasil dari penelitian di RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun yaitu kelengkapan formulir resume medis sesuai dengan SNARS sebesar 60% dan tidak lengkap sebesar 40%. Upaya pengendalian ketidaklengkapan adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi SPO (Standar Prosedur Operasional) tentang kelengkapan pengisian dokumen rekam medis dan membuat daftar ketidaklengkapan kemudian direkapitulasi jumlah ketidaklengkapannya dan dengan melakukan concurrent analysis.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has evolved into a well-established alternative to invasive prenatal diagnosis, even though genetic testing of single or few cells is quite challenging. PGT-M is in theory available for any monogenic disorder for which the disease-causing locus has been unequivocally identified. In practice, the list of indications for which PGT is allowed may vary substantially from country to country, depending on PGT regulation. Technically, the switch from multiplex PCR to robust generic workflows with whole genome amplification followed by SNP array or NGS represents a major improvement of the last decade: the waiting time for the couples has been substantially reduced since the customized preclinical workup can be omitted and the workload for the laboratories has decreased. Another evolution is that the generic methods now allow for concurrent analysis of PGT-M and PGT-A. As innovative algorithms are being developed and the cost of sequencing continues to decline, the field of PGT moves forward to a sequencing-based, all-in-one solution for PGT-M, PGT-SR, and PGT-A. This will generate a vast amount of complex genetic data entailing new challenges for genetic counseling. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art for PGT-M and reflect on its future.