he Relationship between External and Internal Load during Elite Pre-season Friendly Basketball Games.

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between External Load (EL) and internal load (IL). Thirteen male basketball players competing at professional level in First Spanish Division (ACB) during six friendly games throughout the 2020/2021 preseason were monitored. The EL variables collected were movement load (ML), movement intensity (MI), box score time (BST), and total duration (TD)] while IL variables monitored were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), training impulse (TRIMP) and time invested in five HR zones. Very large to almost perfect correlation (r= 0.77-0.91) exists between EL variables except TD. In addition, HR, TRIMP and RR present large to very large correlation (r= 0.55-0.79) with all EL variables except TD. Monitoring HR-based variables would present general information and an estimated prediction of players EL which could allow basketball practitioners to prioritize time invested players internal/external load.

A systematic review about stablished methods and thresholds to determine velocity and accelerations in soccer

Background Velocity and accelerations have been highlighted as the most important variables in soccer. However, there is a consensus gap to define different levels of effort. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify those articles that purposed a threshold to establish (i) movement intensity at different velocities using tracking systems and (ii) accelerations using inertial measurement units, classifying the justification methods. Methods A systematic review of Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results From the 1983 studies initially identified, 40 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Conclusios: The 40 m maximal linear sprint test is the preferred method used in originating speed and acceleration thresholds in soccer despite recent research opted also to consider composite fitness measures such as anaerobic speed reserve. However, there is a substantial heterogeneity on locomotor testing procedures and workload zones established from these performance data while construct validity of several fitness indicators is not yet supported. Studies diverged on recommending, maybe consider or suggested avoid the use of individualized thresholds. Low sampling frequency (≤ 10 Hertz) in publications computing acceleration and deceleration demands should be also interpreted with caution. The present study collated evidence that may help conditioning professionals when processing and interpreting external load data in a soccer context.

Causal Associations of Self-Reported Walking Pace with Telomere Length in 405,981 middle-aged adults: a UK Biobank study

Objectives: Walking pace is a strong marker of functional and health status. We investigated whether walking pace is also associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL), which is causally associated with several diseases and has been proposed as a marker of biological age. Methods: We used baseline data from UK Biobank participants recruited from March-2006 to July-2010. Walking pace was self-reported as slow, steady/average, or brisk. Accelerometer-assessed measures of total physical activity and intensity were included to support interpretation of walking pace data. LTL was measured by qPCR assay. Bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were undertaken to inform likely causal directions. Results: The analysed cohort comprised 405,981 adults (54% women) with mean age of 56.5 years (SD, 8.1) and body mass index 27.2 kg/m2 (SD, 4.7). Steady/average and brisk walkers had significantly longer LTL compared with slow walkers, with a Z-standardised LTL difference of 0.066 (0.053-0.078) and 0.101 (0.088-0.113), respectively. Associations remained but were attenuated following full covariate adjustment: 0.038 (0.025-0.051) and 0.058 (0.045-0.072), respectively. Accelerometer data (n=86,002) demonstrated a non-linear association between LTL and habitual movement intensity, but not total activity. MR analysis supported a causal association of walking pace on LTL, with an increase in Z-standardised LTL of 0.192 (0.077, 0.306) for each difference in walking pace category. No evidence of a causal association was observed for LTL on walking pace. Conclusion: Faster walking pace may be causally associated with longer LTL, which could explain some of the beneficial effects of brisk walking on health status.

Movement intensity demands between training activities and competition for elite female netballers

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in movement intensity demands between training activities and competition match-play in elite netball. Twelve elite female netballers (mean ± SD, age = 25.9 ± 5.1 years; height = 178.6 ± 8.9 cm, body mass = 71.1 ± 7.1 kg) competing in Australia’s premier domestic netball competition participated. Data were collected across the season from all pre-season training sessions (n = 29), pre-season practice matches (n = 8), in-season training sessions (n = 21), in-season practice matches (n = 5), and competition matches (n = 15). Linear mixed-effects models assessed differences in PlayerLoad™ per minute and metreage per minute between activity types (Specialist, Skill Drills, Set-piece, Match Scenarios, Practice Match-play, and Competition Match-play) for positional groupings (Defenders, Midcourters, and Goalers). Competition Match-play resulted in higher (p < 0.05) PlayerLoad™ than all training activity types, with the largest magnitudes of difference between Specialist–Competition (d = 0.44–0.59; small to medium) and Skill Drills–Competition (d = 0.35–0.63; small to medium) for all positional groups. The smallest difference was found between Match Scenarios–Competition (d = 0.12–0.20; trivial to small) and Practice Match-play–Competition (d = 0.12–0.14; trivial). Competition Match-play also resulted in higher (p < 0.05) metreage per minute than Specialist (d = 0.23–0.53; small to medium), Skill Drills (d = 0.19–0.61; trivial to medium) and Set-piece (d = 0.05–0.31; trivial to small). Training activity demands in order of least to most similar to competition were specialist, skill drills, set-piece, match scenarios, and practice match-play. We provide data that enables coaches and physical preparation staff to incorporate progressions into their training session designs that can replicate the movement intensity demands of competition in training.

The Pulse in Cinema

This book builds on Jean-François Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif, Gilles Deleuze’s work on sensation and Georges Bataille’s economic theory to conceptualise a pulse in cinema. Its aim is to rethink the affective force and economy of film spectatorship better understood by Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif than the formulation of the cinematic apparatus of 1970s film theory. The dispositif recognises the distribution of the pulse – the force of intensities in the body of the spectator and in the image – in terms of an energetic exchange and expenditure. Charting prototypes of the pulse in cinema’s rhythmic forms through Étienne-Jules Marey’s protocinematic experiments from the nineteenth-century and experimental film from the twentieth-century, the book goes on to advance a theory of the pulse in an analysis of body horror films such as Georges Franju’s Le Sang des bêtes/Blood of the Beasts (1949), William Castle’s The Tingler (1959), George A. Romero’s Dawn of the Dead (1978), Lucio Fulci’s L’aldilà/The Beyond (1981), and Andrzej Żuławski’s Possession (1981). Drawing on ideas of movement, intensity and expenditure, this book argues that blood in the images of body horror films has the unseen intensity of vectors of the pulse. It contends that what the pulse communicates is affect.

ANALISIS GERAK DAN KARAKTER TARI KAIN DI PAUAH V KECAMATAN PAUAH KOTA PADANG

This study aims to analyze the variety of movements and characters of Kain Dance in Pauh V, Pauh district, Padang city. This isa qualitative research using a descriptive analysis method. The object of the research wasKain Dance in Pauh V, Pauh district, Padang city.This research focused on the analysis of movements and characters. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis was conducted in the form of description, and the data were validated by using triangulation technique by comparing the observation data to the data from interview and documentation. The results of the study generally show that Kain dance is a traditional art performed in batagak gala event in Pauh V, Pauh district, Padang City. Kain dance is danced by 2 men, who face to face perform eight kinds of movements: salam pembuka, sambah, gantuang sabalah, rantak tigo, malapia, mailak, kalatiak, mangepo. The floor pattern of Kain dance is a straight line pattern, and the dancers always face each other from the beginning to the end of the dance.The dominant movement is the silat movement in the form of a defensive attack with the characteristic of Rantak Tigomotion. The analysis found in the movement of Kain Dance can be seen from the elements of motion: energy, space, and time. The quality of strong motions with the use of powerful movement intensity is carried out at a fast tempo.This dance is accompanied by a large volume of movement depicting the character of a man who is dashing and temperament. The temperament character contained in Kain Dance is expressed in the attack and block movements. The music which accompanies Kain Dance is two mancak drums. Kain dance is performed at the groom's house in front of the aisle at night in a day before the wedding party. The dancers wear black shirt, endong pants, deta for a headband, and sasampiang attached to the dancer's waist.Keywords: Motion Analysis, Character, Kain Dance

Influence of weather on dragonfly migration and flight behaviour along the Baltic coast

Despite mass movements of dragonflies being documented for decades, the influence of weather on the movement decisions and movement intensity of dragonflies has rarely been studied. Here, we investigate the influence of local weather conditions on flight behaviour of dragonflies in Europe, taking advantage of large movements of dragonflies occurring along the Baltic Sea coast of Latvia. Firstly, we performed orientation tests with individual dragonflies of two commonly captured species, Aeshna mixta and Sympetrum vulgatum, in order to determine if dragonflies showed directed flight and whether flight direction was independent from wind direction. Aeshna mixta displayed a uniform mean southward orientation (166.7°), independent from prevailing wind directions, whereas S. vulgatum did not show a uniform orientation. Secondly, we investigated the influence of weather conditions on the abundance of dragonflies captured. Behavioural differences in relation to weather conditions were observed between A. mixta and the two smaller Sympetrum species (S. vulgatum and S. sanguineum). Generally, temperature, cloud cover and wind direction were the most important predictors for migration intensity, with temperature positively influencing abundance and cloud cover negatively influencing abundance. Aeshna mixta appeared to select favourable tailwinds (northerlies), whereas hourly abundance of Sympetrum increased with more easterly winds. Our results provide important information on the influence of local weather conditions on the flight behaviour of dragonflies, as well as evidence of migration for A. mixta and most likely some Sympetrum species along the Baltic coast.

Validating Accelerometers for the Assessment of Body Position and Sedentary Behavior

There is growing evidence that sedentary behavior is a risk factor for somatic and mental health. However, there is still a lack of objective field methods, which can assess both components of sedentary behavior: the postural (sitting/lying) and the movement intensity part. The purpose of the study was to compare the validity of different accelerometers (ActivPAL [thigh], ActiGraph [hip], move [hip], and move [thigh]). 20 adults (10 females; age 25.68 ± 4.55 years) participated in a structured protocol with a series of full- and semistandardized sessions under laboratory conditions. Direct observation via video recording was used as a criterion measure of body positions (sitting/lying vs. nonsitting/lying). By combining direct observation with metabolic equivalent tables, protocol activities were also categorized as sedentary or nonsedentary. Cohen’s kappa was calculated as an overall validity measure to compare accelerometer and video recordings. Across all conditions, for the measurement of sitting/lying body positions, the ActivPAL ([thigh], ĸ = .85) and Move 4 ([thigh], ĸ = .97) showed almost perfect agreement, whereas the Move 4 ([hip], ĸ = .78) and ActiGraph ([hip], ĸ = .67) showed substantial agreement. For the sedentary behavior part, across all conditions, the ActivPAL ([thigh], ĸ = .90), Move 4 ([thigh], ĸ = .95) and Move 4 ([hip], ĸ = .84) revealed almost perfect agreement, whereas the ActiGraph ([hip], ĸ = .69) showed substantial agreement. In particular, thigh-worn devices, namely the Move and the ActivPAL, achieved up to excellent validity in measuring sitting/lying body positions and sedentary behavior and are recommended for future studies.