Study on Low Temperature Conduction Mechanism of Al Doped ZnO/SiO2/ P-Si Heterojunction

The 3 at% Al doped ZnO thin films were deposited on p-Si substrate with a native SiO2 layer by spray pyrolysis method. Low temperature conduction behaviors were studied by analysis of impedance spectroscopy and low temperature ac conductivity. The results of impedance spectroscopy showed that the grain boundaries contributed to the resistivity of Al doped ZnO/SiO2/p-Si heterojunction. The calculated activation energy was 0.073 eV for grain boundaries. The equivalent circuit to demonstrate the electrical properties of Al doped ZnO/SiO2/p-Si heterojunction was a series connection of two parallel combination circuits of a resistor and a universal capacitor. Low temperature ac conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity increased with temperature. Low temperature conductivity mechanism was electron conductivity, and the activation energy was 0.086 eV.

Influence of Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphite Addition on the Dielectric Properties of Epoxy/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

The influence of hydrophilic electrochemically exfoliated graphite (EEG) and hydrophobic reduced EEG (rEEG) on the electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and high-frequency dielectric losses of epoxy-based composites with montmorillonite was described. It was confirmed, that the addition of EEG changes the low-temperature conduction mechanism. The electrical conductivity in composite with EEG and montmorillonite was described by correlated barrier hopping model, whereas for composites with montmorillonite and rEEG two models were used: non-overlapping small polaron tunneling and correlated barrier hopping. The addition of EEG drastically changes the activation energy of charge carriers motions from 2.68 to 0.83 eV, whereas the addition of rEEG only to 2.43 eV. Also composite with EEG was characterized by highest high-frequency dielectric losses.

Effect of Process Parameters on Density and Mechanical Behaviour of a Selective Laser Melted 17-4PH Stainless Steel Alloy

17-4 PH stainless steel alloy has been widely used in the field of defense industry such as weapon equipment, aerospace, nuclear energy and so on because of its high strength, high toughness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In order to meet the flexible manufacturing requirements of multi-variety small batch complex structure products with lower cost and higher efficiency, Selective laser melted 17-4PH stainless steel alloy has become the focus of research in the field of rapid alloy manufacturing in recent years. This paper studied the density characteristics and the distribution characteristics of holes and spheroidization phenomena of 17-4 PH pre-alloyed powder subjected to multidimensional temperature conduction under selective laser melting, and the mechanism of defect generation under temperature conduction is proposed. Finally, the optimal selection of the combination of different process parameters waere carried out by orthogonal test, and it was found that the comprehensive mechanical behaviour of the 17-4 PH stainless steel alloy after formed exceeded the ASTM A564 standard (the yield strength is 1132 MPa, the tensile strength is 1323 MPa, the elongation is 16.6%).

Germination test of Eucalyptus phaeotricha seeds

ABSTRACT The rules for seed analysis do not have recommendations for conducting the germination test of Eucalyptus phaeotricha seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the best substrate, temperature, conduction time, and substrate moistening level for the germination test of E. phaeotricha seeds. First count of germination, germination, germination speed index and mean time of germination were evaluated. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (6 x 2), corresponding to six temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C and 20-30 °C) and two substrates (paper and sand) with four replicates, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. In the second experiment, the germination test was installed with the most favorable substrate and temperature identified in the previous step, evaluating substrate moistening levels equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 times the dry weight of the substrate; due to the quantitative nature of the treatments, the data were subjected to regression analysis and curve fitting. The germination test of E. phaeotricha seeds should be conducted at 30 °C on paper, moistened with a water volume of 2.2 times the dry weight of the paper, with initial and final counts at 6 and 14 days after sowing, respectively.