Simultaneous Determination of the Five Constituents in Maiwei Dihuang Pills by the HPLC-DAD Method

Objective. The purpose of study is to establish an HPLC-DAD method for determination of the five constituents (deoxyschizandrin, γ-schizandrin, loganin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol) in Maiwei Dihuang Pills. Methods. An Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 chromatographic column was carried out to determine the five constituents of 50% methanol extract of Maiwei Dihuang Pills. Results. It was found the chromatographic peak resolution of each component in the study sample solution was 1.5 higher than that of other peaks and no peaks appeared in the blank control solution during the same time, suggesting specificity of HPLC-DAD was well established. The linearity test indicated that deoxyschizandrin, γ-schizandrin, loganin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol were 11.6–72.3 μg/mL, 6.4–45.2 μg/mL, 35.2–237.6 μg/mL, 18.1–114.2 μg/mL, and 32.2–215.3 μg/mL, respectively, suggesting each component has a good linear relationship within its own range. Additionally, the precision of HPLC-DAD was confirmed by a precision test; the stability of the study sample solution was confirmed by a stability test; and good reproducibility of HPLC-DAD was proved by a reproducible test. The recovery rate test showed that relative standard deviation (RSD) of recovery rate in deoxyschizandrin, γ-schizandrin, loganin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol was 100.26% (1.80%), 101.39% (1.74%), 101.19% (1.76%), 102.50% (1.65%), and 102.30% (1.58%), respectively. Conclusions. HPLC-DAD used to determine the five constituents in Maiwei Dihuang Pills, and it was easier and faster to operate, showing good condition in repeatability, precision, stability, and recovery, which is a great option for quality control.

Antimatter Free-Fall Experiments and Charge Asymmetry

We propose a method by which one could use modified antimatter gravity experiments in order to perform a high-precision test of antimatter charge neutrality. The proposal is based on the application of a strong, external, vertically oriented electric field during an antimatter free-fall gravity experiment in the gravitational field of the Earth. The proposed experimental setup has the potential to drastically improve the limits on the charge-asymmetry parameter ϵ¯q of antimatter. On the theoretical side, we analyze possibilities to describe a putative charge-asymmetry of matter and antimatter, proportional to the parameters ϵq and ϵ¯q, by Lagrangian methods. We found that such an asymmetry could be described by four-dimensional Lorentz-invariant operators that break CPT without destroying the locality of the field theory. The mechanism involves an interaction Lagrangian with field operators decomposed into particle or antiparticle field contributions. Our Lagrangian is otherwise Lorentz, as well as PT invariant. Constraints to be derived on the parameter ϵ¯q do not depend on the assumed theoretical model.

Realization of Distribution Network Feeder Terminal Unit based on Dual-DSP

This paper presents the design proposal of distribution network monitoring unit based on dual-DSP. A detailed description of the hardware structure about the device is introduced which including signal scheduling, SPI communication, the serial human-computer communication and network communication. Additionally, the paper describes the software process about the master and slave DSPs. Then the analog precision test and the protection response test are carried out. The result shows that the design proposal is correct.

Lepton Bound State Theory Based on First Principles

A quantum field theory has been constructed, in which leptons are bound by electromagnetic forces. Using severe boundary conditions, in particular several constraints on the rotation velocity, a precision test has been possible, in which the needed 7 parameters are determined by many more constraints. Since arbitrary adjustment parameters are excluded, absolute values of radii, rotation velocities and binding energies are obtained, possible only in a fundamental theory, which must be close to the final lepton theory. The resulting masses are obtained with uncertainties much smaller than 1 %. The results show a very special structure of charged and neutral leptons. 1. Charged leptons: The deduced radii due to electric and magnetic binding are different by many orders of magnitude. In particular, the large electric root mean square radius of the electron of about 103fm is almost of the same size as electron wave functions in light atoms, whereas the magnetic radius of 2.5 · 10−10 fm is consistent with a ”point” particle needed to describe electron hadron scattering. Neutrals: The acceleration term gives rise to dynamically generated neutral particles of ”hole” structure, which can be identified with neutrinos. Their masses are 2 · 10−8eV, 17 eV and 12 MeV for νe, νµ and ντ , respectively. The full calculations together with the underlying fortran source code can be viewed at https://h2909473.stratoserver.net or https://leptonia-etc.de.

Design Methodology of a Toy to Improve Manual Abilities on Medicine Students

Theoretical knowledge is important in all disciplines, but practical knowledge is of utmost importance in many of them, such is the case in engineering, medicine, and architecture. In most of these majors’ instructors focus more on the theoretical area and set aside the practical one. That is why it is important to develop educational tools to improve students’ practice. Medical students at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México were our case of study since we noticed a lack of practical knowledge during their second year at University. In this paper, we present a design methodology of a toy for the students of medicine to exercise and improve their manual precise movements and motor sequencing skills, in order to improve their practical abilities by using it. This methodology emphasizes the importance of specific movements that surgeons do while they perform basic surgical procedures, intending to imitate them when they use the toy. Therefore, procedures like cutting, suturing, exposure, among others were performed by a surgeon, recorded, and analyzed. As a result, it was observed that some movements were repeated in most of the procedures. Based on this, a device was designed so that the user may be able to repeat the movements following a series of audiovisual instructions as a game. To validate its efficiency manual precision tests were used to compare the individual students’ improvement before and after using it. Once the device was built as a toy, 12 second-year medical students took the precision tests, the measured variable was the time they used to complete both tests. Furthermore, they practiced with the toy for 10 days, 6 minutes per day. On the last day, after using it, each student performed the precision tests once again to obtain a quantitative value of their improvement. The time spent by each student to perform the first precision tests were compared to the last after using the toy. The results showed that the execution time was reduced by an average of 53.75 seconds in the first precision test and 45 seconds in the second. This indicates that the use of the toy allows students to improve their manual precision skills, affecting the execution time of tasks that require accurate manual precision. Also, it was observed that the methodology developed could be applied and extrapolated to other disciplines such as engineering, in order to develop similar toys or devices that could enhance manual skills.

Planck 2018 results

We analyse the Planck full-mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). We compare estimates obtained from separable template-fitting, binned, and optimal modal bispectrum estimators, finding consistent values for the local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes. Our combined temperature and polarization analysis produces the following final results: fNLlocal = −0.9 ± 5.1; fNLequil = −26 ± 47; and fNLortho = −38 ± 24 (68% CL, statistical). These results include low-multipole (4 ≤ ℓ < 40) polarization data that are not included in our previous analysis. The results also pass an extensive battery of tests (with additional tests regarding foreground residuals compared to 2015), and they are stable with respect to our 2015 measurements (with small fluctuations, at the level of a fraction of a standard deviation, which is consistent with changes in data processing). Polarization-only bispectra display a significant improvement in robustness; they can now be used independently to set primordial NG constraints with a sensitivity comparable to WMAP temperature-based results and they give excellent agreement. In addition to the analysis of the standard local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum shapes, we consider a large number of additional cases, such as scale-dependent feature and resonance bispectra, isocurvature primordial NG, and parity-breaking models, where we also place tight constraints but do not detect any signal. The non-primordial lensing bispectrum is, however, detected with an improved significance compared to 2015, excluding the null hypothesis at 3.5σ. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we also present model-independent reconstructions and analyses of the Planck CMB bispectrum. Our final constraint on the local primordial trispectrum shape is gNLlocal = (−5.8 ± 6.5) × 104 (68% CL, statistical), while constraints for other trispectrum shapes are also determined. Exploiting the tight limits on various bispectrum and trispectrum shapes, we constrain the parameter space of different early-Universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, multi-field models (e.g. curvaton models), models of inflation with axion fields producing parity-violation bispectra in the tensor sector, and inflationary models involving vector-like fields with directionally-dependent bispectra. Our results provide a high-precision test for structure-formation scenarios, showing complete agreement with the basic picture of the ΛCDM cosmology regarding the statistics of the initial conditions, with cosmic structures arising from adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations.

ANALISIS HIDROKUINON PADA BEBERAPA SEDIAAN KRIM MALAM DENGAN METODA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian analisis kandungan hidrokuinon dalam 5 sampel krim malam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengindentifikasi dan mengukur kadar hidrokuinon dalam beberapa merek krim malam yang dijual secara online. Analisa kualitatif Hidrokuinon menggunakan reaksi warna dan metoda KLT (kromatografi lapis tipis). Kemudian, penentuan hidrokuinon dalam sampel menggunakan Spektrofotonetri UV-VIS. Dari hasil validasi metoda diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 0,01544x – 0,0244 dengan LOD dan LOQ 1,1211 ppm dan 3,7370 ppm. Uji presisi dengan nilai %SBR kurang dari 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kelima sampel (1) 2,16%, sampel (2) 2,22%, sampel (3) 1,81%, sampel (4) 1,95% dan sampel (5) 1,80%. Sampel (1) dan (2) mengandung hidrokuinon diatas batas aman yang diperbolehkan oleh BPOM RI yaitu tidak melebihi 2%. Kata Kunci : Kosmetik, Krim Malam, Hidrokuinon, Spektrofotometri Uv Vis ABSTRACT Hydroquinone content analysis reseacrh has been conducted in 5 cream samples night. The purpose of this studyis to identify and measure levels hydroquinone in several night cream brands that are sold online. Hydroquinone qualitative analysis using color reaction and TLC method (thin layer chromatography). Then determine the hydroquinone in the sample using UV VIS Spectrophotometry. From the results of the method validation obtained regression equation Y = 0,01544x-0,0244 with LOD and LOQ 1,1211 ppm and 3,7370 ppm. Precision test with %RSD value less than 2%. Research result shows that out of the five samples (1) 2.16%, sample (2) 2.22%, sample (3) 1.81%, sample (4) 1.95%, and sample (5) 1.80%. Samples (1) and (2) contain hydroquinone above the safe limit allowed by BPOM RI is not more than 2%. Keywords: Cosmetic, Night Cream, Hydroquinone, UV VIS Spectrophotometry