Design Methodology of a Toy to Improve Manual Abilities on Medicine Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Daniela Vega Bello ◽  
Yesica Escalera Matamoros ◽  
Arturo Treviño Arizmendi ◽  
Daniel Haro Mendoza ◽  
Vicente Borja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manual Skills ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Precision Test

Abstract Theoretical knowledge is important in all disciplines, but practical knowledge is of utmost importance in many of them, such is the case in engineering, medicine, and architecture. In most of these majors’ instructors focus more on the theoretical area and set aside the practical one. That is why it is important to develop educational tools to improve students’ practice. Medical students at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México were our case of study since we noticed a lack of practical knowledge during their second year at University. In this paper, we present a design methodology of a toy for the students of medicine to exercise and improve their manual precise movements and motor sequencing skills, in order to improve their practical abilities by using it. This methodology emphasizes the importance of specific movements that surgeons do while they perform basic surgical procedures, intending to imitate them when they use the toy. Therefore, procedures like cutting, suturing, exposure, among others were performed by a surgeon, recorded, and analyzed. As a result, it was observed that some movements were repeated in most of the procedures. Based on this, a device was designed so that the user may be able to repeat the movements following a series of audiovisual instructions as a game. To validate its efficiency manual precision tests were used to compare the individual students’ improvement before and after using it. Once the device was built as a toy, 12 second-year medical students took the precision tests, the measured variable was the time they used to complete both tests. Furthermore, they practiced with the toy for 10 days, 6 minutes per day. On the last day, after using it, each student performed the precision tests once again to obtain a quantitative value of their improvement. The time spent by each student to perform the first precision tests were compared to the last after using the toy. The results showed that the execution time was reduced by an average of 53.75 seconds in the first precision test and 45 seconds in the second. This indicates that the use of the toy allows students to improve their manual precision skills, affecting the execution time of tasks that require accurate manual precision. Also, it was observed that the methodology developed could be applied and extrapolated to other disciplines such as engineering, in order to develop similar toys or devices that could enhance manual skills.

Serious game, lectures or simulation-based mastery learning course which is the best method for training students about cardiac arrest management?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Scarpati ◽  
Paolo Remondelli ◽  
Ornella Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
Passing Score

"Background and aim: This study aimed to compare a serious game and lectures for the pretraining of medical students before learning about simulation-based management of cardiac arrest. Methods: Participants were 150 volunteer second-year medical students between April and June 2018 randomly assigned to CPR training using either lectures (n = 75) or a serious game (n = 75). Each participant was evaluated on a scenario of cardiac arrest before and after exposure to the learning methods. The primary outcome measures were the median total training time needed for the student to reach the minimum passing score. This same outcome was also assessed three months later. Results: The median training time necessary for students to reach the minimum passing score was similar between the two groups (p=0,45). Achieving an appropriate degree of chest compression was the most difficult requirement to fulfill for students in both groups. Singing the refrain of the song ""staying alive"" significantly increased the number of compressions with the correct rate. Three months later, the median training time decreased significantly in both groups. However, students have remained interested in the serious game for a longer time showing a preference for using this method. Conclusions: The serious game was not superior to lectures to pretraining medical students in the management of a cardiac arrest."

scholarly journals Prespective of medical students towards experimental biochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Sumreena Mansoor ◽  
Almas Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Applied Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Objective: The simple curriculum of Medical science has the complex biochemical theories which are hard to grasp. To address this problem, practical knowledge and change in approach to study is relevant to have a better foundation in clinical years; where this information has to be applied. Methodology: Modifications were made in experimental biochemistry and genetics to focus on more applied knowledge through experiments and problem-based learning. A seven-item questionnaire to check the students’ perspective of biochemistry was distributed among second year students, 89 out of 104 responded. Results: 42 were males and 47 were females. The results were positive between 60% and 70% for all the items. 70% was highest, which was for component, which they still hope for better courses in the future. Conclusion: Numerous strategies have been applied to promote teaching results and increase the effectiveness of teaching to undergraduate clinical students in biochemistry.

scholarly journals Measuring the Efficacy of Pathology Career Recruitment Strategies in US Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia V. Hernandez ◽  
Dana Razzano ◽  
Nicole D. Riddle ◽  
John T. Fallon ◽  
Humayun K. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Medical Student Attitudes

Context.— Multiple articles and surveys in the literature suggest that medical students find a career in pathology undesirable and believe it is disproportionately focused primarily on the autopsy. Objective.— To measure the effect of applied interventions on medical student attitudes about the field of pathology. Design.— This prospective study involving medical students from first through fourth year was conducted as a pilot study in 2 medical schools in the United States. A 2-part anonymous survey regarding interest in pathology as a career and familiarity with the specialty using a 10-point scale was given to first- and second-year medical students before and after they listened to a 10-minute pathology career presentation. The same survey was given to third- and fourth-year medical students before and after a 4-week pathology elective. Results.— A total of 121 and 83 students responded to the survey before and after the intervention, respectively. Of the 121 students who responded to the survey before the intervention, 106 (87.6%) had not spent significant time in a pathology laboratory before the intervention. The majority of responses in interest in career, job responsibilities, and features of pathologists before and after the intervention demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P < .001). We compared survey scores of presentation versus 4-week rotation groups before and after the intervention. Students who experienced the presentation did not differ from students who experienced the rotation in the majority of questions related to interest in career, job responsibilities, and features of pathologists. Conclusions.— Our study suggests that pathology exposure strategies can have a beneficial effect on student perceptions of the field and consideration of a career in pathology. Overall, the presentation intervention on the first- and second-year students seemed to have the greatest effect.

scholarly journals “The Heart is a House”: A Heuristic for Generating Cardiac Differential Diagnoses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052110352
Author(s):  
Malavika Pia Sengupta ◽  
Timothy N Crawford ◽  
Frederic Stuart Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Mnemonic Devices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Reasoning Skill ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Cost

BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis (DDx) is a core clinical reasoning skill that all medical students and physicians must acquire and develop. Metamemory techniques (MMTs), including mnemonic devices and other heuristics, are frequently taught to students as a means of enhancing DDx generation. The Heart is A House (HIAH) , an MMT that works by prompting students to think about cardiac disease in terms of four structural subsystems, can be used to facilitate the generation of cardiac differentials, but its efficacy has not been studied. METHODS In a 3-hour DDx workshop, second-year medical students were given a brief case vignette of a patient with chest pain and dyspnea and asked to generate initial differential diagnoses before and after learning HIAH. Descriptive statistics and paired T-tests were used to compare the sizes of cardiac-only and total differentials pre-/post-HIAH. Cardiac diagnoses were classified according to the structural categories described by HIAH, and Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) was used to evaluate the effect of HIAH on the variety of cardiac diagnoses produced. RESULTS All students in the course ( N = 111) submitted pre-post differential lists. The mean number of diagnoses included in their differentials did not change significantly after exposure to HIAH (7.98 vs. 8.71, P = .09). However, the number of potentially correct cardiac diagnoses increased from 1.79 to 4.75 ( P < .0001), and the variety of structure/function cardiac categories considered by students increased more than twofold (from an SDI of 0.16 to 0.4, P < .0001). These increases were accompanied by a small increase in incorrect diagnoses ( + 2.47%, P = .0003) and a larger decrease in potentially correct noncardiac diagnoses (−41.88%, P < .0001). CONCLUSION The use of HIAH was associated with an increase in the size and variety of cardiac differentials. This increase may have come at the cost of a reduced noncardiac differential. Educators may find HIAH useful for guiding students as they reason through cases involving potential cardiac etiologies. As with all heuristics, care must be exercised to avoid introducing unwanted bias.

scholarly journals Development of laparoscopic skills in Medical students naive to surgical training

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worens Luiz Pereira Cavalini ◽  
Christiano Marlo Paggi Claus ◽  
Daniellson Dimbarre ◽  
Antonio Moris Cury Filho ◽  
Eduardo Aimoré Bonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
First Year ◽  
Laparoscopic Skills ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Improved Performance

Objective To assess the acquisition of basic laparoscopic skills of Medical students trained on a surgical simulator.Methods First- and second-year Medical students participated on a laparoscopic training program on simulators. None of the students had previous classes of surgical technique, exposure to surgical practice nor training prior to the enrollment in to the study. Students´ time were collected before and after the 150-minute training. Skill acquisition was measured comparing time and scores of students and senior instructors of laparoscopic surgeryResults Sixty-eight students participated of the study, with a mean age of 20.4 years, with a predominance of first-year students (62%). All students improved performance in score and time, after training (p<0,001). Score improvement in the exercises ranged from 294.1 to 823%. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that second-year Medical students have achieved higher performance after training.Conclusions Medical students who had never been exposed to surgical techniques can acquire basic laparoscopic skills after training in simulators. Second-year undergraduates had better performance than first-year students.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a structured e-learning-based approach to CT anatomy of the paranasal sinuses for medical students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marleen Krahe ◽  
Manuel Christoph Ketterer ◽  
Christian Offergeld ◽  
Tanja Hildenbrand
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Complex Learning ◽  
Anatomical Variants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Computed tomography (CT) anatomy is not an integral part of undergraduate medical training in many countries. Radiology seems to be well suited for new online based teaching methods. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether e-learning is appropriate to introduce complex learning contents such as sinus CT anatomy in novices and to assess the usefulness of a sinus CT checklist to identify relevant anatomical variants in medical students. Material: Medical students were asked to assess sinus CT scans for anatomical variants before and after the implementation of the CLOSE mnemonic. Sinus CT anatomy and the CLOSE mnemonic were introduced by e-learning. The rate of correctly identified variants and the results of the individual CLOSE items were recorded and compared with those of otolaryngology residents. A questionnaire was distributed for subjective evaluation of the usefulness of the checklist and e-learning.Results: Ten students took part in the study. The rate of correctly identified variants improved significantly from 33.3% to 61.1%. The analysis of the individual CLOSE items showed a significant improvement for C, S and E in students and C, L and S in otolaryngology residents. The students identified more anatomical variants compared to the residents. The subjective evaluation of the CLOSE mnemonic and e-learning was very positive.Conclusion: E-learning was able to transfer complex learning contents in previously non-trained medical students and was evaluated as an appropriate introduction to the topics. The structured assessment of paranasal sinus CT scans using the CLOSE criteria can significantly improve the recognition of anatomical variants.

scholarly journals Changes in character strengths after watching movies: when to use rasch analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinut Siritikul ◽  
Sirikorn Chalanunt ◽  
Chitipat Utrapiromsook ◽  
Suchanard Mungara ◽  
Tinakon Wongpakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Abstract Objective Professionalism is a critical part of a medical education, and various activities have been proposed to enhance professionalism among medical students. Watching films is an activity to promote character related to professionalism. Limitation of such is a single group pre-posttest design raising concerns about the errors of measurement. The study aimed to demonstrate a method to deal with this design using Rasch analysis. Results This study used a pre-posttest design with 40 first year medical students. All participated in a 3-day activity that involved watching four selected movies: Twilight, Gandhi, The Shawshank Redemption and Amélie. These films offer compelling illustrations of the themes of self-regulation, humility, prudence and gratitude, respectively. All participants completed a 10-item composite scale (PHuSeG) addressing these themes before and after watching the movies. When determining who benefitted from the intervention, paired t-tests on the results of a Rasch analysis were used to evaluate changes between pre- and posttest. Using Rasch analyses, we could document the stability of the items from pre- to posttest, and significant changes at both the individual and group levels, which is a useful and practical approach for pre- and posttest design. Moreover, it helps validate the psychometric property of the instrument used.

Medical students' attitudes to psychiatry

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Wilkinson ◽  
S. Greeer ◽  
B. K. Toone
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Students First ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Psychiatric Clerkship

SynopsisA questionnaire was developed to elicit medical students' attitudes to psychiatry. All 94 second year clinical students at a London teaching hospital completed the instrument before and after an 8-week psychiatric clerkship. Although two-thirds of the sample had mixed feelings about psychiatry initially, by the end of the clerkship the students' general attitude to psychiatry had changed significantly in a favourable direction. Analysis of 18 specific attitudes to psychiatry revealed that the students' first responses showed anticipatory bias and lack of uniformity. Later, however, only two specific attitudes had changed significantly: more students agreed that ‘problems presented by psychiatric patients are often particularly interesting and challenging’, and more of them disagreed with the statement that ‘psychiatric patients, generally speaking, are not easy to like’. The sexes differed on one attitude; more males than females agreed that “psychiatry is too inexact; it seems to lack a proper scientific basis”. Finally, the proportion of students who considered the possibility of specializing in psychiatry rose from 6 to 17% during the clerkship. The students' reasons for or against such a career are discussed.

Meditation buffers medical student compassion from the deleterious effects of depression.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S Mascaro ◽  
Sean Kelley ◽  
Alana Darcher ◽  
Lobsang Negi ◽  
Carol Worthman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Wait List ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Second Year

Increasing data suggest that for medical school students the stress of academic and psychologicaldemands can impair social emotions that are a core aspect of compassion and ultimately physiciancompetence. Few interventions have proven successful for enhancing physician compassion inways that persist in the face of suffering and that enable sustained caretaker well-being. To addressthis issue, the current study was designed to (1) investigate the feasibility of cognitively-basedcompassion training (CBCT) for second-year medical students, and (2) test whether CBCT decreasesdepression, enhances compassion, and improves daily functioning in medical students. Comparedto the wait-list group, students randomized to CBCT reported increased compassion, and decreasedloneliness and depression. Changes in compassion were most robust in individuals reporting highlevels of depression at baseline, suggesting that CBCT may benefit those most in need by breakingthe link between personal suffering and a concomitant drop in compassion

Official Advice Improves Mortgage-Holders’ Perceptions of Switching: Experimental Evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer’s finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how (i) the attributes of the offer, (ii) perceptions about the switching process, (iii) individual feelings of competence and (iv) comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially at longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policymakers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally-informed policy development.

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