A framework to measure the taxonomic of economic anchor: A case study of the Three Seas Initiative countries

This research is aimed at determining the characteristics of the current level of entrepreneurial potential of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) countries, the ability to overcome the consequences of extraordinary events, such as COVID-19 and prospects for the return to an accelerated development once the destabiliser of the economic system, the coronavirus pandemic, has ceased. Eurostat, World Bank and the World Economic Forum data for 2015–2019 were used for the purpose of the research. The research was divided into three stages, i.e. assessment of economic development on the basis of a synthetic ratio of economic anchor development, for which a relative benchmark method based on spatial median (so-called L1 median or Weber point) was used, identification of conditions for the development of entrepreneurial capacity and statistical analysis showing the correlation between economic anchor measures and selected factors of the 3SI countries economic development. Our study found that the entrepreneurial capacity of the 3SI countries in 2015–2019 was determined by nine characteristics, belonging to six areas, i.e. local economy, demographic situation, social situation, trade exchange, innovation and tourism economy. The entrepreneurial potential of the 3SI countries was spatially diversified, and its development was determined, among others, by the entrepreneurial activity of residents (entrepreneurship index) and the conditions for running a business.

A Framework to Measure the Taxonomic of Economic Anchor: a Case Study of the Three Seas Initiative Countries

This research is aimed at determining the characteristics of the current level of entrepreneurial potential of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) countries, the ability to overcome the consequences of extraordinary events, such as COVID-19 and prospects for the return to an accelerated development once the destabiliser of the economic system, the coronavirus pandemic, has ceased. Eurostat, World Bank and the World Economic Forum data for 2015-2019 were used for the purpose of the research. The research was divided into three stages, i.e. assessment of economic development on the basis of a synthetic ratio of economic anchor development, for which a relative benchmark method based on spatial median (so-called L1 median or Weber point) was used, identification of conditions for the development of entrepreneurial capacity and statistical analysis showing the correlation between economic anchor measures and selected factors of the 3SI countries economic development. Our study found that the entrepreneurial capacity of the 3SI countries in 2015-2019 was determined by nine characteristics, belonging to six areas, i.e. local economy, demographic situation, social situation, trade exchange, innovation and tourism economy. The entrepreneurial potential of the 3SI countries was spatially diversified, and its development was determined, among others, by the entrepreneurial activity of residents (entrepreneurship index) and the conditions for running a business.

547 Identification of the immune landscape in penile squamous cell carcinoma using multiplex immunofluorescence and spatial image analysis

BackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is rare in the US accounting for 0.7% of the total cancer incidence. Around 50% of PSCC cases are associated with HPV infection and between 40–60% have high PD-L1 expression. The identification of the immune landscape in PSCC using the spatial proximity between tumor cells and immune phenotypes has not been described yet.MethodsWe performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) on 54 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of PSCC. The staining was performed with the opal-7 kit (Akoya/PerkinElmer) in the Leica Bond RX autostainer using 7 markers against, Cytokeratins, CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, and PD-L1. The slides were scanned in the multispectral microscopy Vectra Polaris (Akoya/PerkinElmer), and 5 regions of interest (ROI) per case were selected and analyzed using the digital image analysis software InForm 2.2.4. The X and Y coordinate from each cell phenotype was obtained from each ROI. Nearest neighbor median distance and the infiltration analysis using the G-function metric of the different tumor associated immune cells (TAICs) within a distance of 20, 40 and 60 microns from the tumor cells were obtained through the R studio software and correlated with available clinical information.ResultsUsing the nearest neighbor cell analysis we identified the distance of ≤87.33 microns as a close median distance from tumor cells to the multiple TAICs. In our cohort of PSCC tumors, the closest TAIC phenotype to tumor cells was the CD3+ T cells with a median distance of 20.13 microns, followed by macrophages CD68 (median distance, 21.19 microns) and cytotoxic T cells (CD3+, CD8+) with a median distance of 36.09 microns, compared with the others TAICs located farther than 87.33 microns (table 1, figure 1). Interestingly, cytotoxic T cells (median distance, 59.5 micros), T-cells (median distance, 65.6 microns) and macrophages expressing PD-L1 (median distance, 61.2 microns) are located closer to tumor cells expressing PD-L1 than from tumor cells not expressing PD-L1 (median distance, 104.08, 116.05 and 118.74 microns, respectively). Unexpectedly, HPV negative patients had closer cytotoxic T cells CD3+CD8+ median distance, 30.88 microns) and cytotoxic T cells antigen experienced CD3+CD8+PD-1+ (median distance, 50.09 microns), compared to HPV positive patients (median distance of 36.09 and 59.83 microns, respectively). Additionally, the G-function AUC metric from tumor cells to macrophages CD68 showed high interaction at 40 microns in HPV cases when compared with others distances and not HPV cases (P=0.049, figure 2).Abstract 547 Table 1Median distance from tumor cells to different tumor associated immune cells (TAIC)Abstract 547 Figure 1Heat map of median distances (μm) from tumor to tumor associated immune cells (TAIC) with HPV statusAbstract 547 Figure 2G function of tumor cells to CD68+ macrophages vs HPV statusConclusionsAlthough, higher densities of cytotoxic T cells were observed relatively closer from tumor cells than others TAIC subsets, we didn’t find strong interaction with this subset in using the G-function AUC metric. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis was also found in close proximity suggesting that there are more likely to interact with tumor cells generating a strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, while CD68+ macrophages were found to be closely associated with tumor cells, PD-L1+ macrophages were found to have the closest interaction with tumor cells. The potential of these cell phenotypes to generate a strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment need to be explored in additional cases.

Sparse Regularization-Based Approach for Point Cloud Denoising and Sharp Features Enhancement

Denoising the point cloud is fundamental for reconstructing high quality surfaces with details in order to eliminate noise and outliers in the 3D scanning process. The challenges for a denoising algorithm are noise reduction and sharp features preservation. In this paper, we present a new model to reconstruct and smooth point clouds that combine L1-median filtering with sparse L1 regularization for both denoising the normal vectors and updating the position of the points to preserve sharp features in the point cloud. The L1-median filter is robust to outliers and noise compared to the mean. The L1 norm is a way to measure the sparsity of a solution, and applying an L1 optimization to the point cloud can measure the sparsity of sharp features, producing clean point set surfaces with sharp features. We optimize the L1 minimization problem by using the proximal gradient descent algorithm. Experimental results show that our approach is comparable to the state-of-the-art methods, as it filters out 3D models with a high level of noise, but keeps their geometric features.

Alterative Expression Pattern of T Cell Immunosuppressive Receptors in Peripheral Blood of Patients with ITP

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by production of auto-antibodies against platelet antigens. Dysregulation of T cells is a major role involved in this disease, while anti-platelet antibodies induce platelets destruction due to an imbalanced immune response. Increasing data showed that abnormal expression of T cell immunosuppressive receptors such as Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) may relate to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of T cell immunosuppressive receptors including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ITP patients (18 cases, male: 12, female: 6, median age: 38.5 years, range 24-68 years), PBMCs from 20 healthy individuals were served as control group, by real-time PCR. The results showed that significant lower expression levels of PD-1 (median: 0.0015) and PD-L1 (median: 0.0572) were showed in ITP group in comparison with healthy group (PD-1, median: 0.0117, p < 0.0001; PD-L1, median: 0.5428, p < 0.0001), while the expression levels of Tim-3 (median: 0.1352), LAG-3 (median: 0.1403) and BTLA (median: 0.1403) were significant higher than that from healthy group (Tim-3, median: 0.0751, p < 0.007; Lag-3, median: 0.0155, p < 0.0001; BTLA, median: 0.0315, p < 0.0001). There was not significant different on the CTLA-4 expression level between ITP group (median: 0.0818) and healthy group (median: 0.1667) (p = 0.219). In conclusion, we firstly described the alterative expression pattern of T cell immunosuppressive receptors in ITP, which may have a role in ITP pathogenesis. Disclosures Li: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81370605): Research Funding.