Estudio de las temáticas y contenidos de las tesis doctorales realizadas en España sobre Biomecánica Deportiva (Study of the themes and contents of the doctoral theses carried out in Spain on Sports Biomechanics)

El objeto del estudio es conocer y valorar la evolución de las temáticas y contenidos de las tesis doctorales que se han leído en España sobre Biomecánica Deportiva durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 1980 y 2019. La muestra está compuesta de 233 tesis después de un proceso de selección con el uso de criterios de inclusión/exclusión y términos de búsqueda específicos. Los resultados demuestran que existe un crecimiento progresivo en la producción de tesis doctorales a lo largo del tiempo con incrementos progresivos, especialmente en el tercer y cuarto periodo. Los campos temáticos con mayor número de tesis leídas son los de Biomecánica de Apoyo y de Biomecánica Aplicada. El campo de Biomecánica Básica resulta residual, con tres tesis leídas a lo largo del periodo investigado. En la Biomecánica de Apoyo, el subcampo más representado y con un crecimiento constante, es el del Área Médica, con 73 tesis leídas que representa el 68,2% del total del campo temático. En la Biomecánica Aplicada, los subcampos con más tesis leídas son los de Análisis de la Técnica Deportiva y de Análisis del Movimiento con 35 y 32 tesis leídas, respectivamente, sin que se observe un crecimiento constante a lo largo del tiempo. El campo de Biomecánica-Tecnologías es el tercero con un 10,7% de las tesis leídas. El término más utilizado en los títulos de las tesis es el de la “marcha” que se convierte en un tema transversal que ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas científicas. Abstract: The purpose of the study is to know and assess the evolution of the themes and contents of the doctoral theses that have been read in Spain on Sports Biomechanics during the period between 1980 and 2019. The sample is made up of 233 theses after a selection process with the use of inclusion / exclusion criteria and specific search terms. The results show that there is a progressive growth in the production of doctoral theses over time with progressive increases, especially in the third and fourth periods. The thematic fields with the highest number of theses read are Support Biomechanics and Applied Biomechanics. The Basic Biomechanics field is a residual field with 3 theses read over time. In Support Biomechanics, the most represented subfield with constant growth is the Medical Area with 73 theses read, representing 68.2% of the total thematic field. In Applied Biomechanics, the subfields with the most theses read are the Analysis of Sports Technique and Analysis of Movement with 35 and 32 theses read, with no constant growth observed over time. The Biomechanics-Technologies field is the third with 10.7% of the theses read. The term most used in the thesis titles is "walking", which becomes a cross-cutting theme that has been approached from different scientific perspectives.

How to get a patent for invention. Recommendations for drawing up application materials

Availability of patents for inventions is a significant indicator of innovative activity in scientific research organization, one of efficiency criterion of its work, creates legal basis for integration innovations into practice and future commercial use. Not every inventor can formulate the point of his invention and describe it correctly according to demands of current legislation.Objective is to help a beginning inventor to form description and formula of invention correctly, to provide information, necessary for giving patent’s application.Recommendations for drawing up a claim according to the patent law of Russia are present in the article with an accent on inventions in the medical area. Conditions of patentability, objects of invention, patent validity periods have been considered. Conditions of creation companies’ inventions have also been highlighted. In the article the demands to a content of applications, structure of description, formula and an abstract of invention have been disclosed in details in compliance with “The Rules of drawing up, applying and considerations of papers (documents), which are the basis for performing legally significant actions in accordance with State registration of inventions” and “Demands to documents of an application of patent of invention”, approved by the Order Minister of Economic Development of Russian Federation, dated on 25.05.2016 No. 316. The example of description of invention in the medical area is given in order to illustrate an invention prototype.According to patent legislation of Russian Federation, a protection is provided to technical decision, which is new, not evident for a specialist in a given filed and is fully revealed in description of an invention in an amount, that is enough for its reproduction, and realization of a stated purpose is confirmed by materials of application. Formula of application must be totally based on a description.

Effect of Regional Cooperation on Efficiency of Medical Care Delivery in secondary Medical Areas of Japan

The Japanese population is aging and requires regional health facilities to cooperate to use medical resources efficiently. This study evaluated the impact of regional cooperation on the efficiency of medical care delivery in secondary medical areas. The discharge adjustment implementation rate of each secondary medical area was used as a proxy for regional cooperation. The study data were obtained from publicly available sources. The efficiency scores of secondary medical areas were calculated using the input-oriented Banker–Charnes–Cooper model for Data Envelopment Analysis. The inputs used were the number of general beds and the average length of hospital stay for each secondary medical area. The outputs used were the number of discharged patients and inpatient medical expenses per person. In addition, the relationship between discharge adjustment implementation rates and efficiency scores were assessed using tobit multiple regression analysis. The models were adjusted for the 7 variables. Ten secondary medical areas had an efficiency score of 1.00 (i.e., highest efficiency). Tobit regression analysis was performed on the 340 secondary medical areas for which efficiency scores were obtained. The discharge adjustment implementation rates and efficiency scores were significantly positively correlated (p = 0.032). While studies that quantitatively evaluate regional cooperation and efficiency are limited, these findings suggest that implementing regional cooperation may improve the efficiency of medical care delivery in secondary medical areas.

Transmission, buildup factors, and photon shielding capacity of vanadium reinforced tellurite glasses

The ionizing radiation shielding parameters of (90-y)TeO2-yV2O3-5CaO-5Na2O (TVCN): y = 5–20 mol% semiconductor glasses were investigated. The avarage track lengths of photons with different energies (0.015- 15 MeV) in the TVCN-glasses were simulated via MCNP-5 code, then the corresponding LAC were computed. Based on LAC values, the MACs were calculated and compared with values which obtained via XCOM software. The highest LAC achieved for low energy (0.015 MeV) and reduced from 199.549 to 169.891 cm− 1, while the lowest values achieved for gamma photon with higher energies and reduced from 0.188 to 0.161 cm− 1 with replacment of TeO2 compound by V2O5. The highest (I/Io) achieved for TVCN20 glasses and decreased from 0.703 to 0.172., while the lowest (I/Io) performed for TVCN5 glasses and decreased from 0.680 to 0.145 for glasses thickness varied between 1 and 5 cm. The thinner HVL was achieved for TVCN5 and increases from 0.003 to 3.684 cm, while the thicker HVL was achieved for TVCN20 and increases from 0.004 to 4.293 cm. The highest dose rate was recorded in the presence of theTVCN20 glasses and varied between 5.680 and 23.210 µSv/hr, while the lowest dose rate recorded in the presence of the TVCN5 glasses and varied between 4.807 and 22.448 µSv/hr for glass thickness varied in range between 1–5 cm. The highest values of the Zeff was recorded for glasses TVCN5 and varied between 21.209 and 50.402, while the lowest Zeff achieved for TVCN20 and varied between 18.489 and 40.479. The calculated buildup factors (EBF and EABF) reach maximum values for glasses TVCN5 while the lowest EBF and EABF achieved for glasses TVCN20. Therefore, the glasses TVCN5 have a higher ability to attenuate the incident gamma photons. Thus, the TVCN-glasses can be applied in various radiation shielding applications in medical area.