Investigation of gene expression diversity in Hypericum spp. before and after flowering under different nitrogen fertilization levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Mahmood YASAMAN ◽  
Hossein ABBASPOUR ◽  
Maryam PEYVANDI ◽  
Mohammad Reza NAGHAVI
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enzyme Complexes ◽  
Urea Fertilization ◽  
Relative Gene

<p>The traditional medicinal herb, <em>Hypericum perforatum </em>L. has been popular for its pharmaceutical and coloring wealth since the ancient era. A secondary metabolite from the group of naphthodianthrones in <em>Hypericum </em>spp<em>.</em> named hypericin is responsible for the antidepression, anticancer, and antiviral characteristics of this herb. It has been found that several genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathway of hypericin. The <em>hyp-1</em> gene is participating in this biosynthesis path through the conversion of emodin to hypericin. The naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) in <em>Hypericum</em> are synthesized through the polyketide pathway. In the plants, the enzyme complexes named polyketide synthase (PKS) catalyzes the reactions of polyketide pathways. The genes <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> are encoding PKS enzyme complexes. In this research, the relative expression of <em>hyp-1</em>, <em>HpPKS1,</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> genes was compared in root and leaves of <em>Hypericum</em><em> perforatum </em>and<em> H. androsaemum </em>L., before and after flowering under urea fertilization at 24, 48 and 72 hours after irrigation. The highest expression level of all three genes was observed after flowering in the samples of <em>H. perforatum</em> that were fertilized 72 hours after irrigation by 1 g l<sup>-1</sup> urea (<em>hyp-1</em> in roots; <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> in leaves). The relative expression of <em>hyp-1</em> in the root was greater than in the leaves, but <em>HpPKS1</em> and <em>HpPKS2</em> expression in leaves was higher than in root. The relative expression of all three genes in <em>H. perforatum</em> was higher than in <em>H. androsaemum</em>. By increasing the interval between urea fertilization and irrigation, the relative expression of genes had an increasing trend, also by increasing the amount of urea fertilizer, relative gene expression was increased.</p>

scholarly journals Asatone and Isoasatone A Against Spodoptera litura Fab. by Acting on Cytochrome P450 Monoxygenases and Glutathione Transferases

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3940
Author(s):  
Ruimei Ling ◽  
Renyue Yang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Xiongfei Zhang ◽  
Tunkai Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Glutathione Transferases ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Relative Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Relative Gene

Asatone and isoasatone A from Asarum ichangense Cheng were determined to be defensive compounds to some insects in a previous investigation. However, the anti-insect activity mechanisms to caterpillar are still unclear. The compounds asatone and isoasatone A from A. ichangense were induced by Spodoptera litura. The anti-insect activity of asatone and isoasatone A to S. litura was further tested by weight growth rate of the insect through a diet experiment. Isoasatone A showed a more significant inhibitory effect on S. litura than asatone on the second day. The concentration of asatone was higher than isoasatone A in the second instar larvae of S. litura after 12 h on the feeding test diet. Both compounds caused mid-gut structural deformation and tissue decay as determined by mid-gut histopathology of S. litura. Furthermore, some detoxification enzyme activity were measured by relative expression levels of genes using a qPCR detecting system. Asatone inhibited the gene expression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) CYP6AB14. Isoasatone A inhibited the relative expression levels of CYP321B1, CYP321A7, CYP6B47, CYP6AB14, and CYP9A39. Asatone increased the relative gene expression of the glutathione transferases (GSTs) SIGSTe1 and SIGSTo1, in contrast, isoasatone A decreased the relative gene expression of SIGSTe1 by about 33 fold. Neither compound showed an effect on acetylcholinesterase SIAce1 and SIAce2. The mechanism of anti-insect activity by both compounds could be explained by the inhibition of enzymes P450s and GSTs. The results provide new insights into the function of unique secondary metabolites asatone and isoasatone A in genus Asarum, and a new understanding of why A. ichangense is largely free of insect pests.

scholarly journals Validation of RT-qPCR Approaches to Monitor Pseudomonas syringae Gene Expression During Infection and Exposure to Pattern-Triggered Immunity

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Smith ◽  
Amelia H. Lovelace ◽  
Brian H. Kvitko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Amplification Efficiency ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Total Tissue

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is an important model plant pathogen, with a fully annotated genome and multiple compatible plant hosts. Very few studies have examined the regulation of DC3000 gene expression in vivo. We developed a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to monitor transcriptional changes in DC3000 inoculated into Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during disease and exposure to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). In our approach, bacterial RNA concentrations in total tissue RNA are standardized using P. syringae–specific 16S ribosomal RNA primers. We validated multiple stable reference genes for normalization in calculating the relative expression of genes of interest. We used empirically derived rates of amplification efficiency to calculate relative expression of key marker genes for virulence-associated regulation. We demonstrated that exposure to PTI alters DC3000 expression of type III secretion system, coronatine synthesis genes, and flagellar marker genes.

scholarly journals Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes in Lactobacillus sakei Is Strain Dependent and Is Affected by the Environmental pH

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (14) ◽  
pp. 4874-4883 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rimaux ◽  
A. Rivière ◽  
K. Illeghems ◽  
S. Weckx ◽  
L. De Vuyst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Lactobacillus Sakei ◽  
Relative Gene Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Relative Gene

ABSTRACTThe adaptation ofLactobacillus sakeito a meat environment is reflected in its metabolic potential. For instance, the ability to utilize arginine through the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway, resulting in additional ATP, represents a competitive benefit. InL. sakeiCTC 494, thearcoperon (arcABCTDR) shows the same gene order and organization as that inL. sakei23K, the genome sequence of which is known. However, differences in relative gene expression were found, and these seemed to be optimal in different growth phases, namely, the highest relative gene expression level was in the end exponential growth phase in the case ofL. sakeiCTC 494 and in the mid-exponential growth phase ofL. sakei23K. Also, the environmental pH influenced the relative expression level of thearcoperon, as shown forL. sakeiCTC 494, with the highest relative expression level occurring at the optimal pH for growth (pH 6.0). Deviations from this optimal pH (pH 5.0 and pH 7.0) resulted in an overall decline of the relative expression level of all genes of thearcoperon. Furthermore, a differential relative expression of the individual genes of thearcoperon was found, with the highest relative gene expression occurring for the first two genes of thearcoperon (arcAandarcB). Finally, it was shown that someL. sakeistrains were able to convert agmatine into putrescine, suggesting an operational agmatine deiminase pathway in these strains, a metabolic trait that is undesirable in meat fermentations. This study shows that this metabolic trait is most probably encoded by a previously erroneously annotated second putativearcoperon.

scholarly journals Putative Association between Low Baseline Gene Expression in the Peripheral Blood and Clinical Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Tofacitinib

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Elena V. Tchetina ◽  
Azamat M. Satybaldyev ◽  
Galina A. Markova ◽  
Elena Yu. Samarkina ◽  
Aleksandr M. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Das28 Score ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Before And After

We investigated the importance of the baseline expression of genes involved in energy generation, as prognostic biomarkers of the treatment response to tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 28 patients with RA who received 3 months of tofacitinib therapy from 26 healthy controls. Clinical response was evaluated based on the disease activity score, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), and the serum levels of ACPA, RF, CRP, and ESR. Clinical remission was assessed based on DAS28 score <2.6. Protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. Total RNA isolated from whole blood was used for gene expression analysis using quantitative RT-PCR. All patients were diagnosed with Steinbrocker’s radiographic stage II-III at baseline, and most showed erosive arthritis with ACPA and RF positivity. Tofacitinib treatment significantly decreased the disease activity. Upon study completion, seven patients showed remission. Before and after TOFA therapy, a significantly higher expression of succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase genes was observed in all the examined patients compared to healthy subjects. However, the pre-therapy expression of these genes and corresponding proteins was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in patients who showed remission than in other patients with RA. Moreover, we observed that, during follow-up, patients who developed remission showed an increasing trend in the expression of the examined genes, whereas the others showed some decreases in gene expression, although this was not statistically significant. We concluded that, compared with RA patients maintaining persistent moderate or high disease activity, those with clinical remission following tofacitinib treatment showed a significantly lower baseline expression of genes involved in energy generation.

scholarly journals 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type III Deficiency: A Novel Mechanism for Hirsutism

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Z. Steiner ◽  
Lilly Chang ◽  
Qing Ji ◽  
Murad Ookhtens ◽  
Andrew Stolz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Relative Gene

Abstract Context: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the primary active androgen in peripheral target tissues, is metabolized by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III (3α-HSD), encoded by the AKR1C2 gene, forming 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol). 3α-HSD may play a role in the pathogenesis of hirsutism. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the role of 3α-HSD in hirsutism by comparing 1) tissue levels of active androgens, 2) relative gene expression of AKR1C2, and 3) activity of 3α-HSD in genital skin from normal and hirsute women. Design: Genital skin was obtained from normal and hirsute women. After homogenization, testosterone (T) and DHT levels were quantified by conventional RIA. From isolated RNA, relative expression of AKR1C2 was determined by real-time PCR. In addition, minced genital skin was incubated with [3H]DHT, and the product, [3H]3α-diol, was quantified by radio-HPLC. Setting: The study took place at an inner-city hospital. Patients: Patients included women undergoing posterior colporrhaphy. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed 1) tissue levels of T, DHT, and 3α-diol; 2) relative expression of AKR1C2; and 3) conversion ratio of [3H]3α-diol to [3H]DHT. Results: In genital skin, tissue DHT and T concentrations in hirsute women were 1.90-fold and 1.84-fold higher than in normal women (P =0 .002 and 0.03), and relative expression of AKR1C2 mRNA was reduced approximately 7-fold (P = 0.04). Genital skin from hirsute women showed less metabolism of [3H]DHT to [3H]3α-diol (conversion ratio, 0.24 ± 0.19 vs. 0.85 ± 0.55, P = 0.01). Conclusions: In genital skin of hirsute women, reduced AKR1C2 gene expression and 3α-HSD activity results in decreased DHT metabolism and elevated tissue levels of DHT. Diminished DHT metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hirsutism.

scholarly journals In vitro Maturation of Buffalo Oocytes and Expression of Selected Biomarker Candidate Genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Doultani ◽  
Vishal S. Suthar ◽  
Chandrashekhar Mootapally ◽  
Neelam Nathani ◽  
Madhavi Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Background: Number of genes expressed during in vitro maturation (IVM) of which selected genes can be used as the potential biomarkers of oocyte competence. Hence, this study was planned to evaluate selected gene expression of GDF9, HAS2, SPRY, ARHGAP22, COL18A1 and GPC4 in IVM and immature cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Methods: The COCs were recovered from slaughter origin ovaries of buffaloes. Of which first three grade COCs were randomly allotted in immature (IMT; n=217) and IVM group (n=272). IVM of COCs was performed under drops of BO-maturation media in CO2 incubator at 39.0°C for 24 hours. The expression of genes was evaluated using qPCR and the relative expression of each gene was calculated using the ΔΔCt method with efficiency correction. The logarithmic transformation of fold change of each candidate genes in the IVM group was computed against the IMT group using the Ct values. Result: The expression obtained for IVM group of earlier reported up-regulated genes (GDF9, HAS2, SPRY1) was higher (upto 10xfold) compared to the IMT group. Relatively lower expression was observed for the rest of the three candidate genes (ARHGAP22, COL18A1, GPC4) in the bovine transcripts of oocyte which were earlier also reported as down regulated.

scholarly journals Validation of RT-qPCR approaches to monitor Pseudomonas syringae gene expression during infection and exposure to pattern-triggered immunity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Smith ◽  
Amelia H. Lovelace ◽  
Brian H. Kvitko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Amplification Efficiency ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Total Tissue

AbstractPseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) is an important model plant pathogen, with a fully annotated genome and multiple compatible plant hosts. Very few studies have examined the regulation of DC3000 gene expression in vivo. We developed a RT-qPCR assay to monitor transcriptional changes in DC3000 inoculated into Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during disease and exposure to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). In our approach, bacterial RNA concentrations in total tissue RNA are standardized using P.syringae-specific16S ribosomal RNA primers. We validated multiple stable reference genes for normalization in calculating the relative expression of genes of interest. We used empirically derived rates of amplification efficiency to calculate relative expression of key marker genes for virulence-associated regulation. We demonstrated that exposure to PTI alters DC3000 expression of Type III secretion system, coronatine synthesis genes and flagellar marker genes.

scholarly journals Aging alters gene expression of growth and remodeling factors in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dennis ◽  
Beata Przybyla ◽  
Cathy Gurley ◽  
Patrick M. Kortebein ◽  
Pippa Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Muscle ◽  
Response To Exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to compare expression of genes that function in inflammation and stress, cell structure and signaling, or remodeling and growth in skeletal muscle of young (32 ± 7 yr, n = 15) and elderly (72 ± 5 yr, n = 16) healthy subjects before and after a bout of resistance leg exercises. A real-time RT-PCR method was used to screen 100 transcripts in v. lateralis biopsies obtained before and 72 h postexercise. The screen identified 15 candidates for differential expression due to aging and/or exercise that were measured quantitatively. The median levels of four mRNAs (insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein IGFBP5, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and the metallopeptidase MMP2) were significantly affected by aging and were greater (1.6- to 2.3-fold, P ≤ 0.05) in the young than elderly muscle at both time points. The median levels of three mRNAs were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by exercise in the young. The metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 and α-cardiac actin mRNAs increased 2-fold and 6.5-fold, respectively, and GDF8 (myostatin) mRNA decreased by 50%. However, elderly muscle did not display any significant changes in gene expression postexercise. Thus, aging muscle shows decreased levels at rest and an impaired response to exercise for a number of mRNAs for factors potentially involved in muscle growth and remodeling. Future studies must determine the functional importance of these gene expression changes to protein synthesis, satellite cell activity, and other processes that are directly involved in the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Genes Associated With Degradation Enhancement of Imazethapyr in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giliardi Dalazen ◽  
Catarine Markus ◽  
Aldo Merotto Jr
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

The understanding of mechanism of herbicide resistance in weeds is essential for adequate or innovative weed management practices. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the expression of genes related to degradation enhancement of imazethapyr in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.). One susceptible (SUSSP01) and two populations previouslly identified as resistant to imazethapyr (ARRGR01 and PALMS01) were used. Gene expression of CYP and GST, the translation initiating factor eIF4B, and ALS genes were evaluated after imazethapyr spraying. A reference gene stability analysis was carried out, wherein the genes 18S and actin showed to be more stable in response to the population and herbicide treatment. The gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. There was no difference in the relative expression of the ALS gene. The CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes showed higher relative expression in the resistant populations. The CYP81A6 gene had expression 9.61 and 8.44 higher in the resistant populations ARRGR01 and PALMS01, respectively, in comparison with the untreated susceptible population. The expression of this gene was induced by spraying the herbicide imazethapyr. The GSTF1 gene showed higher relative expression in PALMS01 population, reaching 12.30 times higher in plants treated with imazethapyr in relation to untreated susceptible population. The expression of eIF4B gene in the resistant populations treated with imazethapyr was about six times higher than observed in susceptible population. The high relative expression of CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes indicate the importance of degradation enhancement for the resistance of barnyargrass to imazethapyr.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Approach for Relative Gene Expression Algorithms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Czajkowski ◽  
Marek Kretowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Relative Gene Expression ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Microarray Datasets ◽  
Relative Gene

A Relative Expression Analysis (RXA) uses ordering relationships in a small collection of genes and is successfully applied to classiffication using microarray data. As checking all possible subsets of genes is computationally infeasible, the RXA algorithms require feature selection and multiple restrictive assumptions. Our main contribution is a specialized evolutionary algorithm (EA) for top-scoring pairs called EvoTSP which allows finding more advanced gene relations. We managed to unify the major variants of relative expression algorithms through EA and introduce weights to the top-scoring pairs. Experimental validation of EvoTSP on public available microarray datasets showed that the proposed solution significantly outperforms in terms of accuracy other relative expression algorithms and allows exploring much larger solution space.

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