New radiation techniques in controlling bone regeneration in fractures

Objective: comparative study of the possibilities of radiation methods in control of bone regeneration in fractures.Materials and methods. A study of bone calluse formation was conducted in 116 patients with broken tubular bones of the upper and lower limbs from the first day of the fracture to the complete consolidation of the fractures. In X-rays and CT determined the mineral density of bone calluses, with ultrasonic elastography shear wave and compression elastography determined the rigidity of bone calluses in kPa.Results. X-ray bone corn was determined at the end of the second – the beginning of the third stage of bone calluse formation. On CT bone corn density (in the HU), its structure and the condition of bone breaks were determined in some patients in all stages of bone regenerate formation. In ultrasound examination in the multiparametric mode studied the rigidity, structure and vascularization of bone calluses, the correct comparison of bone breaks from the first day of the fracture to their complete fusion.Conclusions. Ultrasonic studies in multiparametric mode can be used to control bone regeneration in fractures. Ultrasonic elastography shear wave, in determining the rigidity of bone calluse, in sensitivity and specificity exceeds the indicators of ultrasonic compression elastography at all stages of bone regenerate formation.

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XSITRAY: A Database for the Detection of Osteoporosis Condition

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 267-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. M. Nazia Fathima ◽

R. Tamilselvi ◽

M. Parisa Beham

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Fracture ◽

X Rays ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Early Attempt ◽

X Ray ◽

Bone Content ◽

Medical Relevance

In the medical era, health of a bone is accessed by the bone mineral density (BMD) test. Bone fracture risk in the humans are estimated or evaluated by the BMD test. The test statement recognizes the presence of signs of presence of the frequent occurring disease in the bone called as osteoporosis. In the earlier stage, the challenge in the BMD measurement is that traditional x-rays are used with a step wedge made from an aluminum or ivory phantom. At each step of the phantom with the known densities, bone content present is intended by a illustration assessment of the density present in the bone. Effectiveness in the value and feasibility in the X-rays compared to cutting-edge methods divulge the potential for novel medical relevance among the investigators. So it is obligatory to enclose a customary database in X-Ray images for the young bud researchers to capture up the dealings to the advance stage by accurate examination of the medical results of the images. The projected X-Ray database is termed XSITRAY, characterizes an early attempt to offer a group of X-Ray images of Spine, Femur, Clavicle, Extremity & Ankle, Extremity & Hand and Knee bones. The details such as age, gender and unique Id of the patient are interpreted in the database.

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Acquisition of Quasi-Monochromatic Dual-Energy in a Microfocus X-ray Generator and Development of Applied Technology

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9010027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Hiroaki Hasegawa ◽

Masanori Sato

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Medical Application ◽

Dual Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Tube Voltage ◽

Bone Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Filter Thickness

In regenerative medicine, evaluation of bone mineral density using a microfocus X-ray generator could eventually be used to determine the degree of bone tissue regeneration. To evaluate bone mineral density against regenerated bone material, two low-energy X-rays are necessary. Herein, the acquisition of quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy soft X-ray and the subsequent medical application were examined using the K-absorption edges of two types of metal filters (i.e., zirconium and tin) in a microfocus X-ray generator. Investigation of the optimal tube voltage and filter thickness to form a quasi-monochromatic energy spectrum with a single filter revealed that a filter thickness of 0.3 mm results in an optimal monochromatization state. When a dual filter was used, the required filter thickness was 0.3 mm for tin and 0.2 mm for zirconium at a tube voltage of 35 kV. For the medical application, we measured quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy X-rays to evaluate the measurement accuracy of bone mineral density. Using aluminum as a simulated bone sample, a relative error of ≤5% was consistent within the aluminum thickness range of 1–3 mm. These data suggest that a bone mineral density indicator of recycled bone material can be easily obtained with the quasi-monochromatic X-ray technique using a microfocus X-ray generator.

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Alexander Béla (1857-1916), a magyar radiológia „nagy embere” emlékezete halála 105. évfordulóján

Kaleidoscope History ◽

10.17107/kh.2021.22.343-362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 343-362

Author(s):

Éva Bruckner

Keyword(s):

Medical School ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Career Ladder ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

International Reputation ◽

Medical School Graduation ◽

School Graduation ◽

Scientific Value ◽

The University

Béla Alexander, born in the historical Upper Hungary (Slovakia today) dedicated his whole life to X-rays discovered by Conrad Röntgen. After medical school graduation, he was known as a poet and a community activist as well. For more than ten years he was treating indigent people in Késmárk (Kežmarok today) in the daylight time and experimented with X-rays during the nights. Although Alexander gained an international reputation for his X-ray images and studies, made and written about upper and lower limbs’ bones, the scientific value of his stereoscopic X-rays was argued in Hungarian academic circles. Due to his successful struggles, Alexander moved up the career ladder in the capital Budapest from 1907. Milestones of his career: director of the X-ray lab between 1906 and 1907, then the director of the University Institute for X-rays between 1907 and 1916, which was established on his former X-ray lab.) After his death caused by X-rays, directors of the Institute continued Alexander’s work between the two World Wars.

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Convolutional Neural Network-Based Humerus Segmentation and Application to Bone Mineral Density Estimation from Chest X-ray Images of Critical Infants

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10121028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1028

Author(s):

Yung-Chun Liu ◽

Yung-Chieh Lin ◽

Pei-Yin Tsai ◽

Osuke Iwata ◽

Chuew-Chuen Chuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽

X Rays ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray

Measuring bone mineral density (BMD) is important for surveying osteopenia in premature infants. However, the clinical availability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for standard BMD measurement is very limited, and it is not a practical technique for critically premature infants. Developing alternative approaches for DEXA might improve clinical care for bone health. This study aimed to measure the BMD of premature infants via routine chest X-rays in the intensive care unit. A convolutional neural network (CNN) for humeral segmentation and quantification of BMD with calibration phantoms (QRM-DEXA) and soft tissue correction were developed. There were 210 X-rays of premature infants evaluated by this system, with an average Dice similarity coefficient value of 97.81% for humeral segmentation. The estimated humerus BMDs (g/cm3; mean ± standard) were 0.32 ± 0.06, 0.37 ± 0.06, and 0.32 ± 0.09, respectively, for the upper, middle, and bottom parts of the left humerus for the enrolled infants. To our knowledge, this is the first pilot study to apply a CNN model to humerus segmentation and to measure BMD in preterm infants. These preliminary results may accelerate the progress of BMD research in critical medicine and assist with nutritional care in premature infants.

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Nanobubble Lung Ultrasound Application in the Treatment of Neonatal Pneumonia

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.18693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 1244-1249

Author(s):

Jia Zhou ◽

Qingyu Zhang ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Zhiyi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Lung Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Dynamic Monitoring ◽

Control Group ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Pneumonia Case ◽

The Difference

This article studies the effect of pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal pneumonia. In this experiment, 33 children with pneumonia diagnosed and treated in the hospital were selected as the research objects, and all were performed by X-ray examination and lung ultrasound. After the test was completed, the diagnostic accuracy of the two examination methods was analyzed, the performance of the chest X-rays of the children were observed, and the lung ultrasound examination was recorded at the same time. The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound examination was 93.00%, which was higher than 75.00% of X-ray examination, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the experiment, the paired chi-square test was performed on the results of LUS and bedside CXR diagnosis of IPN, and the value was 0.687. The two have a good consistency in the diagnosis of IPN in NICU. The Pearson correlation test results of LUS score and neonatal pneumonia case score showed that there was a significant negative correlation between LUS score and neonatal pneumonia case score. The LUS scores between the control group, non-risk recombination, and risk recombination were tested by rank sum test of multiple independent samples. The results showed that the LUS scores of the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The LUS scores of the risk recombination were significantly higher than the non-risk recombination. Two independent sample rank sum tests were performed between each two groups. After Bonferroni correction of P value, the difference between each group was statistically significant. In the end, we have concluded that for the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia, pulmonary ultrasound can be used for diagnosis. Combining pulmonary ultrasound with X-rays can improve the diagnosis accuracy of pneumonia. During the treatment, ultrasound is used for dynamic monitoring. By observing the pleural line and pulmonary consolidation it can be used to clarify the treatment effect of children. LUS and bedside CXR have a good agreement for the diagnosis of IPN. The LUS score can effectively assess the severity of IPN. The greater the severity of the disease in children with IPN, the higher the LUS score.

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Impact of degenerative radiographic abnormalities and vertebral fractures on spinal bone density of women with osteoporosis

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802002000100003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 09-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lúcia Costa Paiva ◽

Silvana Filardi ◽

Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto ◽

Adil Samara ◽

João Francisco Marques Neto

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Bone Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vertebral Fractures ◽

Dual Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

The Mean

CONTEXT: Measurements of bone density taken by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are the most accurate procedure for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This procedure has the disadvantage of measuring the density of all mineral components, including osteophytes, vascular and extra vertebral calcifications. These alterations can influence bone density results and densitometry interpretation. OBJECTIVE: To correlate radiography and densitometry findings from women with osteoporosis, analyzing the influence of degenerative processes and vertebral fractures on the evaluation of bone density. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Osteoporosis outpatients' clinic at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six postmenopausal women presenting osteoporosis diagnosed by bone density. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by the technique of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, using a LUNAR-DPX densitometer. Fractures, osteophytes and aortic calcifications were evaluated by simple x-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. RESULTS: The x-rays confirmed vertebral fractures in 41.6%, osteophytes in 33.3% and calcifications of the aorta in 30.2%. The prevalence of fractures and aortic calcifications increased with age. The mean bone mineral density was 0.783g/cm² and the mean T-score was --3.47 DP. Neither fractures nor aortic calcifications had significant influence on bone mineral density (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively), despite the fractured vertebrae having greater bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Patients with lumbar spine osteophytes showed greater bone mineral density (P = 0.04). Osteophytosis was associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density after adjustment for fractures and aortic calcifications by multiple regression (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Osteophytes and lumbar spine fractures can overestimate bone density interpretation. The interpretation of densitometry results should be carried out together with the interpretation of a simple lumbar spine x-ray in elderly women.

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Early Metacarpal Bone Mineral Density Loss Using Digital X-Ray Radiogrammetry and 3-Tesla Wrist MRI in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal One-Year Observational Study

Arthritis ◽

10.1155/2015/852989 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anshul Rastogi ◽

Jakob Algulin ◽

Pamela Mangat ◽

Adrian K. P. Lim ◽

Keshthra Satchithananda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Joint Damage ◽

Metacarpal Bone ◽

X Rays ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽

X Ray ◽

One Year

Objectives. Early change in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by periarticular osteopenia. We investigated the relationship of early metacarpal digital X-ray radiogrammetry bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) change rate (RC-BMD, mg/cm2/month) to longitudinal changes in hand and feet radiographic and wrist MRI scores over 1 year. Materials and Methods. 10 RA patients completed the study and had wrist 3T-MRI and hand and feet X-rays at various time points over 1 year. MRI was scored by RAMRIS, X-ray was done by van der Heijde modified Sharp scoring, and RC-BMD was analysed using dxr-online. Results. There was good correlation amongst the two scorers for MRI measures and ICC for erosions: 0.984, BME: 0.943, and synovitis: 0.657. Strong relationships were observed between RC-BMD at 12-week and 1-year change in wrist marrow oedema (BME) (r=0.78, P=0.035) but not with erosion, synovitis, or radiographic scores. Conclusion. Early RC-BMD correlates with 1-year wrist BME change, which is a known predictor of future erosion and joint damage. However, in our pilot study, early RC-BMD did not show relationships to MRI erosion or radiographic changes over 1 year. This may reflect a slower kinetic in the appearance of MRI/radiographic erosions, generating the hypothesis that RC-BMD may be a more sensitive and early structural prognostic marker in RA follow-up.

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POS0509 PREVALENCE OF RHEUMATOID CACHEXIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SERUM FETUIN-A LEVELS IN CAUCASIAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 487-488

Author(s):

E. Papichev ◽

В. Zavodovsky ◽

L. Seewordova ◽

J. Polyakova ◽

Y. Akhverdyan

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Italian Population ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Fetuin A ◽

X Ray ◽

Rheumatoid Cachexia ◽

Caucasian Patients

Background:Rheumatoid cachexia is an under-recognized pathological condition, which is characterized by a loss of muscle strength and can be presented as a low fat-free mass and normal or high BMI in patients with rheumatoid arthritis determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) [1]. Though fetuin-A is one of a major noncollagen proteins in bone tissue it is of interest to clarify its association with rheumatoid cachexia.Objectives:To define the prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia in Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis determined by DEXA method and to study the association of serum fetuin-A levels with body composition and rheumatoid cachexia in this group.Methods:110 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergone DEXA with «Total Body» program. All patients fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis of rheumatoid cachexia was based on Engvall I.L. criteria: fat-free mass index less than 10th percentile with fat mass index above 25th percentile [1]. We used values for these indexes from the study performed in 2008 by Coin A. et al. on Italian population due to a lack of standard values [2]. Fetuin-A in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 72 patients have been taking glucocorticoids for more than 3 months in dose equivalent or higher than 5 mg of prednisolone daily. Statistical analysis was performed using a software package “Statistica 12.0”. Parametric data is presented as M±St.dev, and nonparametric as Me [Q1-Q3].Results:Rheumatoid cachexia was diagnosed in 25 patients (22,7%) with mean age of 52,2±8,14 years. The prevalence of cachexia was the same in groups of patients who took glucocorticoids (n=16, 22,2%) and who didn’t (n=9, 23,7%; p = 0,465). Median cumulative dose of oral glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid cachexia was higher but fell just short of statistical significance (8,0 [2,9-13,5] g vs 5,4 [0,2-11,6] g; Z=-1,42; p = 0,156). Median serum fetuin-A levels were only slightly significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid cachexia (757,7 [700,5-932,0] µg/ml vs 769,3 [660,3-843,4] µg/ml; Z=-1,35; p=0,175). Positive statistically significant correlations were observed between serum fetuin-A levels and bone mass in right (r=0,222, p = 0,027) and left (r=0,263, p = 0,008) lower limbs, trunk (r=0,268, p = 0,007), gynoid region (r=0,293, p = 0,003), both lower limbs (r=0,246, p = 0,014) and whole-body (r=0,235, p = 0,019).Conclusion:Rheumatoid cachexia was diagnosed in 22,7% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No association was observed between glucocorticoids intake and rheumatoid cachexia, despite the expected influence of them on muscle mass. We may suggest that occurrence and pathogenesis of this condition is complex and should be studied more precisely. It is well-known that patients with such condition have a higher risk for metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and mortality. We observed positive correlations between serum fetuin-A levels and bone mass in lower limbs, trunk, gynoid region and whole-body. Considering that fetuin-A is also associated with bone mineral density [3], it may be regarded as a marker of bone remodeling.References:[1]Engvall I.L., Elkan A.C., Tengstrand B., Cederholm T., Brismar K., Hafstrom I. Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with inflammatory activity, physical disability, and low bioavailable insulin-like growth factor. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008; 37 (5): 321–328.[2]Coin A., Sergi G., Minicuci N., Giannini S., Barbiero E., Manzato E., Pedrazzoni M., Minisola S., Rossini M., Del Puente A., Zamboni M., Inelmen E.M., Enzi G. Fat-free mass and fat mass reference values by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a 20-80 year-old Italian population. Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 27 (1): 87-94.[3]Sari, A., & Uslu, T. The relationship between fetuin-a and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Turkish Journal of Rheumatology. 2013; 28 (3): 195-201.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025045 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

E. Hildner

Keyword(s):

Emission Line ◽

Electron Density ◽

White Light ◽

Coronal Mass Ejections ◽

X Rays ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Temperature Function ◽

X Ray ◽

Eclipse Observations ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

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Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052869 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

R. H. Duff

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Valence Electron ◽

Chemical Species ◽

X Rays ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Small Shift ◽

X Ray ◽

Electron Transitions ◽

Peak Energy ◽

Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

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