People are Insensitive to Within-Category Feature Correlations in Categorization

This work compares two types of psychological similarity in categorization. Similarity is a central component of categorization theories. Exemplar theories, for instance, assume that people categorize new exemplars based on their similarity to previous category members. Traditionally, the underlying psychological similarity is based on the sum of two exemplars' squared feature value differences (Euclidean similarity). The Euclidean similarity, however, ignores the distribution of exemplars within categories by assuming uncorrelated features within categories. The Mahalanobis similarity, in turn, extends the Euclidean similarity by accounting for within-category feature correlations. Results from machine learning have shown that in categorization problems involving correlated features within categories, the Mahalanobis similarity can outperform the Euclidean similarity. On the empirical side, results from psychology indicate that people can be sensitive to within-category feature correlations: Some findings suggest a general sensitivity for within-category feature correlations, yet others have argued that this sensitivity depends on the category structure, task format, and amount of training. The present work rigorously tested the correlation-insensitive Euclidean similarity against the correlation-sensitive Mahalanobis similarity to investigate if people use within-category feature correlations in categorization.

VP-fronting within a movement typology

Van Urk (2015) proposes that the A/A’ distinction doesn’t follow from the landing site of the movement (e.g. Spec, CP vs. Spec, TP), but from the details of the features found in the probes. In this paper, we extend this characterization of movement typology to ‘spinal movement’ (movement of projections along the spine of the syntactic structure), in this case VP movement, proposing that there are A and A’ equivalents to VP movement. We then extend the typology to include a third type of movement, which we label C(ategorial)-movement as it is sensitive to the shared category feature of the extended projection. As expected, this movement has a distinct set of characteristics which follow from the nature of the probe. We close the paper with a discussion of word order more generally (as in Cinque (2005)) and a discussion of how head movement might fit into this typology.

Semantics of Adjective 'radostny' and Conceptualization of the Emotional Evaluation

The article deals with the development and modification of the emotional evaluation of the adjective radostny (English – joyful) in terms of conceptualisation of emotions. The paper includes the comparison of its dictionary definitions, etymological data and interpretation in terms of emotional evaluation. Special attention is paid to the processes of conceptualisation of emotional evaluation by means of the extension of the adjective denotation sphere, denotative shift from perceptible objects to invisible objects, from form to content. As a result, the adjective radostny receives intellectual and aesthetic shades of meaning. The denotative shift referring to negative denotation modifies the dominant category feature – a positive evaluation component. It leads to the weakening and neutralization of the positive evaluation. The analysis of use, as applied to the examples in the Russian National Corpus, verifies the basic characteristics of emotional evaluation (subjectivity and uncertainty) and helps to identify its important characteristics (communicativeness, efficiency, attractiveness). The study takes into account the forms of objectification of radostny evaluation, time factor and typical genres.

Identifikasi Pola Penggunaan Lahan pada Sektor Perikanan dan Peternakan Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

Monitoring and evaluation the quantity of the three sectors, agriculture, livestock and fisheries is conducted independently by each local government through the statistics and annual reports. But the development of information fishery and livestock sectors served from annual reports and statistical results have not been able to provide geographic information systems commodities in each district. The results of the development of the geographic information systems indicates that the category feature helps the user to view a visualization mapping fisheries sector and livestock commodities. Based on the visualization mapping analysis results, fisheries sector shows that six of the districts in Barito Utara that has not only a maximum production of fish from the river and three sub-categories of the category of the lake. For the results of visualization mapping livestock sector analysis in cattle category shows that six districts (Lahei, Teweh Tengah, Teweh Timur, Montalat, Gunung Timang and Gunung Purei) is able to fulfill the food needs of beef as a whole districts.

Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) Foursquare: The New Social Media

The development of communication technology and Internet-based information encourage the emergence of new changes in the marketing world. Customer-oriented makes it an effective medium for the activities of Word-of-Mouth (WOM). In this information era, Word-of-Mouth becomes credible resource in the community. To harness the power of electronic Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM), the company must first identify and understand effectively users of the web to spread their opinions. By using 60 respondents as a source of information and data collection, results of the study found various types of Foursquare users and various motivations that drive them. The first finding of this study revealed six types of Foursquare users, namely: The Gamers, The Existence, The Need Help, The Mayor, The Showoff, and the Angels. The second finding was the type of motivation that Foursquare users are distinguished by category Feature Involvement, Self Satisfaction, Seeking Advice, Economic Incentives, Self Enhancement, and Concern for Other Users. From this study, Self Satisfaction, Self Enhancement, and Concern for Other Users are the motivation type of Foursquare users that give positive contribution to the activities of e-WOM because the three types directly do some sort recommendations or promotions of the places they check-in. Furthermore, Feature Involvement, Seeking Advice, and Economic Incentives are the types that less provide positive contribution to the activities of e-WOM. Advice Seeking and Economic Incentives are the types that the most feel benefits of e-WOM activities through Foursquare. Feature Involvement is the type that does not contribute the most to the activities of e-WOM and do not feel the most benefits of e-WOM activities through Foursquare. This research is expected to help companies that use Foursquare to establish the right business strategy in encouraging e-WOM among Foursquare users.