Automated Control Systems as a Strategic Tool for Decision Making and Forecasting in a tate-Planned Economy

Introduction. In the 1960s, the USSR and the United States raced not only in the sphere of arms and space exploration, but also in various socio-economic spheres, including advanced automated management systems in the field of economics, which treated economy as a single object of management. Study objects and methods. The present research involved declassified archival documents, as well as domestic and foreign works on automated control systems (ACS). Results and discussion. The authors analyzed the fundamental goals and objectives set by the leaders of the two superpowers, focusing on the nationwide automated processing and control systems (NAPCS), their operation principles, and the reasons behind their failure. They compared NAPCS with alternative systems, e.g. ACS-70, ACS-80, the system of the Kuntsevo radio engineering plant, ARPANET, etc., as well as with modern systems that were based on the Soviet heritage. Conclusion. Apparently, the USSR won the first part of the ACS race, but the project failed, and the USA with its ARPANET (1969) became the undisputed leader. However, most contemporary Russian situation centers are based on the Soviet studies.

Formation and Development Trends of the System of Situation Centers as a Key Factor of The Increase of Effectiveness of Public Administration

The aim of the work is to analyze the process of the emergence and evolution of the information support system for government bodies of the Russian Federation. The article focuses on the systematization of the conditions for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the Russian system of distributed situational centers of authorities, aimed at analyzing, assessing and forecasting trends in the transformation of realities in various spheres of state activity and providing information support on this basis for making proactive, motivated management decisions. At the end of the work, the problems of implemen­ting the technology of situational centers of government bodies of the Russian Federation.

Strategic Development of Control Systems of Modern Situation Centers

Introduction. A complex system of distributed situational centers is one of the main vectors of the transformation of public administration in Russia. Each region needs additional infrastructure to develop a promising mechanism of multifunctional tools for effective electronic administration and management of socio-economic processes within public and private partnerships. The versatility and exclusivity of this mechanism lie in its large-scale capabilities, which make it possible to engage the most important spheres of the state’s life in detailed monitoring, analysis, forecasting, and strategizing. Study objects and methods. The research featured the management systems of situational centers, which aim at developing public administration and regulation by increasing the speed of decision-making. The study involved such standard methods as economic analysis, classification, expert assessment, deduction, etc. Results and discussion. The results can serve as a theoretical basis for modifying the existing and planned situational centers in Russia, especially those that will form an integral part of the system of distributed situational centers. Taking into account the rapid development of new public administration instruments, it is necessary to bridge the gap between Russia and other countries. Conclusion. Modern realities dictate new approaches in the field of public administration and regulation. That is why the development of situational centers is a strategically important area for creating a centralized system for managing the country. Improving the functionality of such centers will lead to a qualitative improvement in the entire structure of the state apparatus.

Situation center as an effective mechanism in management system

The subject of this research is the situation centers of the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the use of situation centers for improving the quality and effectiveness of managerial decision-making. The article employs the methods of economic analysis, forecasting, modeling, and systemic approach. The author examines the questions of creation and functionality of situation centers in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the Russian Federation has accumulated vast experience in establishment and activity of the situation centers. The research demonstrates that the situation centers allow increasing the competence, efficiency, and reliability of managerial decision-making, as well as ensure construction of a single dynamic vertical structure of decision-making. The novelty of this work lies in outlining the issues in the activity of situational centers at the current stage, the ways for their solution, and recommendation for the development of sitututations centers. The author also describes the feasibility of using situation centers in the conditions of pandemic for countering COVID-19. The conclusion is made that the system of situation centers is one of the crucial mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of public administration in achieving sustainable socioeconomic development and strengthening national security of the Russian Federation. The use of situation centers allows increasing the competence, efficiency, and reliability of managerial decision-making in vital spheres, healthcare in the time of pandemic. The research conducted in recent years prove the need for the transformation of traditional situation centers into the situation development centers.

Experience in fighting with COVID-19 in Management Company "Metalloinvest"

Introduction. The problem of effectively countering the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly acute for companies with a continuous production cycle, which include metallurgical enterprises. The plan of anti-epidemic measures developed by the operational headquarters of "Metalloinvest" includes three blocks: measures to prevent infection and prevent the spread of coronavirus infection; measures to improve the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. The medical staff of corporate medical organizations and health protection groups at the company's enterprises implement a set of anti-epidemic measures daily. There are situation centers that provide organizational and advisory assistance to patients, and contact centers that inform employees about issues related to COVID-19. We are successfully implementing the program of corporate volunteering and social partnership. In terms of the protection of employees and their families, a large-scale program was launched to support state medical institutions in the areas of presence, providing for the retrofitting of high-tech medical equipment (computer tomographs, artificial lung ventilation devices, blood gas analyzers, oxygen concentrators, specialized vehicles), as well as the supply of personal protective equipment and disinfection for medical personnel, medicines. Thanks to the measures taken, "Metalloinvest" managed to maintain a stable production operation, ensure prompt monitoring of the health status of employees, and reduce the incidence of COVID-19. In total, from March to December 2020, 2,934 cases of COVID-19 and pneumonia were detected in employees, 17 deaths were confirmed, 20,889 tests and 1,644 CT scans of the lungs were performed. The number of employees in "Metalloinvest" with a diagnosis of coronavirus infection and pneumonia is less than 0.3% of all employees, which is almost 4 times lower than among residents of the regions where they operate.

Analysis of the Escalation of Intercountry Trade Wars and the Computer Capabilities of Situation Centers to Assess their Consequences

The study is devoted to the analysis of intercountry trade wars, assessment of the consequences of open confrontation between China and the United States, consideration of digital programmatic and managerial mechanisms for predicting and preventing such negative phenomena. The international economic system has undergone serious shocks associated with the intercountry trade war between the United States and China, with an active phase in 2017-2019, as well as complications caused by the epidemiological situation, starting in 2020. The United States, in turn, realizing that the leadership in world trade is smoothly transferring to China, took decisive measures, unleashing an intercountry trade war that affected most of the developed countries, including the longtime trade partners of the United States. The confrontation of these leading shit not only has a detrimental effect on the economies of their trading partners, but also directly affects global socio-economic processes and becomes especially noticeable if it is between superpowers, which account for 40% of all trade revenues. Noting this situation, it should be said that there are no universal and generally accepted software solutions for assessing, analyzing and preventing such negative economic phenomena in an explicit form. One of the Russian tools that could take over the functions of calculating the consequences of intercountry trade wars is the Situation Center. Such a role would be a logical continuation of the main vector of Russia's development in the field of public administration, since a complex system of distributed situational centers has already been launched, which can effectively carry out the functions of collecting and analyzing volumetric clusters of information at the world and national levels. On the basis of such data, it will be possible to build promising software and analytical models of various levels and directions, incl. to assess and prevent escalation of trade wars.

Using agent-based models to expand strategic functionality of the Kuzbass situation centers

Development of regional situational centres in the Russian Federation is one of the priority trends of digitalization which leads the organization of state management to a new level. Integration of such centres into a unified system of distributed situational centers will allow performing monitoring of social, economic and ecological spheres both locally and in the whole country which increases the efficiency of state management. The main difference of the situational centres of the new generation is the development of analytical unit which exploits the opportunities of economic and mathematical and computer modeling of social processes in the systems for maintaining of management decisions. Modern systems for maintaining of management decisions are able to maintain search and visualization of data and can be used for estimating the consequences of implementation of management decisions planned. Thus, within the regional situational centre it is possible to create a polygon for approbating management decisions and choosing the most appropriate options. The authors introduce the concept of agent-oriented social ecological economical model as a digital analogue of the Kemerovo region. The model is assigned for making computer experiments on forecasting social-economic and ecological indexes of the region under different conditions of outer environment and during realization of different projects. The tool can be developed further on depending on the region’s specificity and the current tasks of the local authorities.