scholarly journals Digitization of analog signals

E-Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A. V. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Voice Control ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Large Material ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
To Receive

We live in the world of digital technologies – everyone has a digital phone, television has switched to a digital broadcasting format as it is more noise-immune, digital processes are literally in every household appliance, from the iron to the computer on which this article was written. Digital technologies simplify our lives, some operations performed by humans require large material costs, for example, writing text on a typewriter and computer vary greatly. The gain of the computer is especially evident when editing the test. They brought us comfort – how nice it is when the processor that monitors the temperature in the house increased the heat supply during a cold snap or reduced it in order to save money in the absence of people in the house.But in order for the digital system to perform this or that action, it needs a command coming from the sensor. It can be a temperature, humidity, pressure sensor. Or maybe a microphone used in voice control systems. All these sensors, without which the operation of a digital system is impossible, give an analog signal that changes its value over time. The digital system is not sensitive to such a signal. It “does not understand” the signal. The problem is solved by ADC (analog-to-digital converters). They have a different structure, varying degrees of complexity, the device, depending on the parameters of the digitized signal. For example, the temperature in the house changes very slowly, even when warming up or when the heating is turned off in frost, the temperature rises or, accordingly, does not fall faster than one degree per hour. The ADC speed requirements for the temperature sensor are very low. Instead, a microphone is used to receive voice commands. In order to distinguish the voices of people and to carry out the commands of some people and not to carry out commands from others, processing of the signal spectrum with a width of kilohertz is required - which means that the signal level will change at a frequency of thousands of times per second. This is a very high demand. The different types of ADCs, their design and application will be discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Effect of Digital Technologies on the Marginal Accuracy of Conventional and Cantilever Co–Cr Posterior-Fixed Partial Dentures Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2988
Author(s):  
Celia Tobar ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Lopez-Suarez ◽  
Jesús Peláez ◽  
Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Marginal Discrepancy ◽  
Soft Metal ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
To Receive

The introduction of new digital technologies represents an important advance to fabricate metal–ceramic restorations. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of these technologies on the fit of the restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different manufacturing techniques and pontic design on the vertical marginal fit of cobalt–-chromium (Co–Cr) posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) frameworks. Methods: Eighty stainless-steel dies were prepared to receive 3-unit FPDs frameworks with intermediate pontic (n = 40) and cantilever pontic (n = 40). Within each design, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each) depending on the manufacturing technique: casting (CM), direct metal laser sintering (LS), soft metal milling (SM), and hard metal milling (HM). The frameworks were luted, and the vertical marginal discrepancy was assessed. Data analysis was made using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The vertical marginal discrepancy values of all FPDs were below 50 μm. The HM frameworks obtained the lowest misfit values in both designs. However, no differences were found among intermediate pontic groups or cantilevered groups. Likewise, when differences in a marginal discrepancy between both framework designs were analyzed, no differences were observed. Conclusions: The analyzed digital technologies demonstrated high precision of fit on Co–Cr frameworks and on both pontic designs.

scholarly journals A new method of analog-to-digital broadcasting

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(9)) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Надія Феліксівна Казакова
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Digital Broadcasting

Rwanda Leapfrogs into Digital Broadcasting Migration

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-252
Author(s):  
Cedric Pierre-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
East African ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
East African Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Development ◽  
African Community ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Digital Terrestrial Television ◽  
The Government

This chapter interrogates the migration process from Analog to Digital Terrestrial Television occurring in Rwanda, which has, since May 2013, entered its final stages. Following the commitment of the East African Community (EAC) inspired by the 2006 recommendations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Rwanda switched to digital terrestrial broadcasting in December 2013. In the meantime, the government sought to increase television penetration from 7% in December 2012 to 30% when the switch off process came to its end. This chapter focuses on the challenges and constraints of this transition in a country where 80% of the population belongs to the primary sector, and where only 10.6% of Rwandans have access to electricity as a main source of lighting. Based on the author's experience as the Project Leader and Managing Director of TV10, the first private television channel in Rwanda, this chapter discusses and analyzes salient aspects of this migration, which is part of a very ambitious technological catch-up policy. It also highlights the different initiatives put together by the private and the public sector to develop innovative solutions that could mobilize the population and improve their access to television. These initiatives sometimes seem to focus on technical considerations to the detriment of local content development, an undeniable and crucial source of employment in the creative industries. Finally, this chapter points out the opportunities and significant growth potential that digital broadcasting could bring to all the stakeholders involved.

Barriers in Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Simin Sigari ◽  
Adnan Altunyurt ◽  
Lazar Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
A Company ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Executives And Managers

In recent years, companies in almost all the industries have been exploring new ways to use digital technologies to generate value from digital investments. However, many companies are struggling to realize the digital transformation due to various existing barriers. They face many obstacles in the development and implementation of new digital processes. In cases where the companies fail to reflect upon these barriers, digital transformation processes carry the risk of not being realized successfully. Therefore, this study has looked to identify the barriers in digital transformation, in a company in the IT sector in Sweden. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the team members involved in digital transformation and from the company's documents, and then thematically analyzed. The findings of this research study are that there are 28 barriers in digital transformation from which 15 are new barriers that could support executives and managers who are planning a digital transformation in their organizations.

scholarly journals Digital Signal Processing–based Dynamic Mass Measurement System for Egg Weighing Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Yabanova
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Digital Signal Processing ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Dynamic Weighing ◽  
To Receive

In this study, an electronic, mechanical and software system, where the weight measurements of eggs can be performed dynamically, is developed. As the speed is an important factor in the production sector, it is of significant importance that the manufactured products be weighed in a rapid and correct manner. For this reason, systems where the products are dynamically weighed are developed. However, as the products are weighed while they are moving in dynamic weighing systems, undesired disturbing effects occur on the measurement signal. The product weights must be measured at required speeds by eliminating this disturbing effect. Dynamic weighing is performed using a load cell. A digital signal processing–based card has been developed to measure the signal received from the load cell and to send it to the computer. The eggs are weighed while they are moving as they roll over the load cell. A program has been developed using the LabVIEW program to receive, filter and analyze the data read and sent to the computer by digital signal processing. In addition, the configuration adjustments of the integrated analog-to-digital converter that reads data from the load cell can also be performed thanks to this program.

Replacement of I&C System for the Four Main Pumps in the Fuel Channels Cooling Circuit of “Maria” Polish Research Reactor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Drobnik ◽  
Andrzej Głowacki
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Cooling Circuit ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

In this work the replacement of the I&C connected with the four main pumps in a Polish research reactor called “Maria” is discussed. In particular, this paper focuses on the aspect of the whole system of pump parameters measurements (temperature, vibrations, power) and pump control system. The whole architecture of the I&C system (including power supply, redundancy of electrical and control system) will be showed. During the I&C replacement some problems arose, such as the change in the pump control system from analog to digital system; the link existing in the reactor part of the measurement made in analogue to a digital system, as part of the measurements, which were carried out in an old control system; the code for the PLC controller program dedicated exclusively to the requirements of control systems pumps. All of these problems will be discussed here, together with the proposed solutions. Moreover, I&C functional and operational tests carried out after the placement of the pumps will be described, such as loss of power and failure of one PLC controller.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CONSUMERS: STUDY ON THE BASE OF DHL EXPRESS IN ERITREA

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
І. Литвиненко ◽  
Руссом Абрам Ерімас
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Issues

Digital innovation starts with a problem worth solving. We’ve found it’s amazingly helpful to have a single statement that represents the nature of the problem, which’s experiencing it, and why it’s so important to solve. There for the main problem is “To what extent consumers are fitted and accepted Digital transformation attributes”. This research could serve as a base for further investigation and improvement on the DHL express in Eritrea. Enhance our understanding of digital system and consumers driving. Moreover, it will contribute to the understanding of whether consumer are accepted and satisfied the digital transformation system in a developing country context. This research could also serve as a base for anyone who wants to study about how much consumers are accepted the digital transformation driving on them without any compliment on Postal Express service delivered in Eritrea. In addition, it will create a sense of awareness to the people who are engaged in offering digital system services on DHL. To undertake this research paper, primary and secondary data used. Primary data gathered by distributing online questionnaire to a sample of consumers. Secondary data extracted from several sources such as internet, magazine, books, periodicals, journals, company documents, etc. This research focuses on the digital transformation of consumers on DHL express despite the fact that consumer driving in digital transformation system is critical issue in any type of business. It focuses only on transformation from analog to digital system on consumers in experience on DHL express. It doesn’t concern about the technical issues of the DHL express over the entire world.

scholarly journals Calibration 4.0 – Information system for usage of digital calibration certificates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Marques ◽  
João A. Sousa ◽  
Luís Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Calibration ◽  
Added Value ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
To Receive

The main goal of this study is to operationalize the emission, exchange and use of digital calibration certificates, through structured information and the specification of a system of information. The purpose of digital calibration certificates, is not only the transformation of a physical format to a digital one, but mainly the application of the real digitalization concept, i.e., the use of digital technologies to change a business model and supply new opportunities with added value. Besides the easiness in the exchange of calibration results, the future development of a system to exchange digital calibration certificates will allow customers to receive and analyze certificates faster, reducing execution times and costs associated to the metrological confirmation process, as well as to avoid human error and their consequences. The application of a system adapted to calibration certificates, and the implementation and testing at a National Measurement Institute as IPQ, based on XML, with examples from different areas will be presented. This study will then result in the creation of national working group in Portugal for the digitalization of calibration certificates to a broader market, with the first trial cases implemented in these two laboratories, INEGI-LAC and IPQ-LNM.

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