Intersectional Representation Between Gender, Religion, and Nationality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Osnat Akirav
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Research ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Muslim Men ◽  
Intersectional Representation ◽  
And Gender

Immigrants who came to Europe in recent decades (work immigrants and/or refugees) grapple with intersectional identities, such as religion, nationality and gender, yet current political research addresses these issues only in part. To address these omissions, I conducted a content analysis of all parliamentary questions Muslim representatives raised in their parliamentary activities in three Western countries. I also investigated whether the representatives' invisibility pertains only to their descriptive representation or whether it affects their substantive representation by analyzing five research hypotheses for differences in the content of the parliamentary questions. I found that male and female Muslim representatives ask parliamentary questions about Muslim men and women. In addition, I developed an Intersectional Representation Index to measure and demonstrate the complexities Muslim representatives face in Western countries. The index shows that such representatives have several identities, some of which have become invisible, as previous studies indicated.

He Said, She Said: An Exploration of Male and Female Print Sports Journalist Tweets, Sports Coverage, and Language Style

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Abisaid ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Sports Coverage ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
And Gender

The professional role and responsibilities for sports journalists have evolved to now include using social media. In this study, we explore how male and female print sports journalists use Twitter to communicate with their followers about sports. Relying on previous research showing disparities in sports coverage and gender as well as assertive and affiliative language theory, we employ a content analysis of tweets from 57 sports journalists ( N = 4,897). We find that male and female sports journalists tweet at statistically the same rate, but male sports journalists are more likely to tweet about sports than female sports journalists, less likely to tweet about women sports and athletes, and more likely to use assertive language in their tweets. Findings are discussed with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Acquiring Gender in Melanesia: Homosexuality and its Relationship to Maleness

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Richard Goulden
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Homosexual ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

It is readily apparent that many Melanesian societies maintain a distance between men and women. Some ethnographers working in Melanesia have posited reasons for this dichotomy, for example, fear of contamination from menstrual blood, or the importance of male solidarity in social organization. These theories do not adequately explain gender concepts and the range of social interaction between the sexes. By focussing on the belief surrounding male homosexual behaviour in initiation ritual, this paper attempts to demonstrate that gender concepts in Melanesia, like attitudes towards homosexuality, cannot be explained in terms of Western categorizations of male and female, or in terms of Western concepts of sexuality. A comparison of the correlation between homosexuality and gender beliefs among North Americans and among Melanesians indicates that the apparent separation of the sexes in Melanesia is not due to the inherent distinctness of male versus female, as reflected in the Western dichotomies that colour such ethnographic descriptions of gender. It is suggested that in Melanesian societies men must be differentiated from women, and that mutable gender categories must be maintained by social sanctions that delineate the sexes during the reproductive years.

scholarly journals Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks for Elementary Schools: A Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Winda Khoirun Nisak ◽  
Furaidah Furaidah ◽  
Gunadi Harry Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Activities

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research is a study of assessing the representation of gender in elementary school textbooks used by an international curriculum that is widely used in 160 countries throughout the world. The content analysis used to lead the representation of the male and female on the textbooks. The findings of this study indicate that the gender representation formed in the textbook shows the existence of gender equality which is reflected in the balanced emergence of male and female characters that appear in textbooks, the prevalence of the professional picture of men and women and the balance of household activities reflected in the textbook.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mengenai representasi gender di buku teks siswa sekolah dasar yang dipakai oleh kurikulum internasional yang tersebar luas di 160 negara di seluruh dunia. Konten analisis dipakai untuk melihat representasi dalam buku. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi gender yang terbentuk dalam buku teks tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesetaraan gender yang tercermin dari berimbangnya kemunculan karakter laki laki dan perempuan yang muncul dalam buku teks, meratanya gambaran profesi laki-laki dan perempuan serta berimbangnya kegiatan rumah tangga yang tercermin dalam buku teks.

scholarly journals Trends in Gender Portrayal in the Avengers Series: A Conventional Content Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Morales ◽  
Daniel Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Over Time

The Bechdel test, used to examine the frequency and portrayal of women in film, consists of three criteria – (1) a movie must represent two or more women, (2) who have names and speak to each other, (3) about anything other than a man. In order to answer the research question “Based on the Bechdel test, how does the Avengers series portray their female characters compared to their male characters?”, this paper utilizes and extends beyond the Bechdel test by performing a conventional content analysis of same-gender conversations in four top-grossing superhero films – Marvel’s The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). By combining the simplicity of the Bechdel test with a qualitative approach to code dialogue, this paper illustrates the underrepresentation of female characters and specific differences between the portrayal of men and women in modern Marvel films. While the films improved in the amount of female characters and female-to-female conversations over time, there is still a small amount of female-to-female conversations in these films compared to male-to-male conversations. Furthermore, while male characters rarely spoke to each other about women, female characters spoke to each other about men very often. Some common elements of dialogue for both male and female characters were worries about danger, discussions of violence, and insulting others. Implications regarding this portrayal’s impact on female viewers are discussed.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Spatial and Temporal Preferences for Waterfronts in Wuhan based on Gender Differences in Check-In Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Li ◽  
Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Media Data

The geographical location and check-in frequency of social platform users indicate their personal preferences and intentions for space. On the basis of social media data and gender differences, this study analyzes Weibo users’ preferences and the reasons behind these preferences for the waterfronts of the 21 major lakes within Wuhan’s Third Ring Road, in accordance with users’ check-in behaviors. According to the distribution characteristics of the waterfronts’ points of interest, this study explores the preferences of male and female users for waterfronts and reveals, through the check-in behaviors of Weibo users, the gender differences in the preference and willingness of these users to choose urban waterfronts. Results show that men and women check in significantly more frequently on weekends than on weekdays. Women are more likely than men to check in at waterfronts. Significant differences in time and space exist between male and female users’ preferences for different lakes.

scholarly journals The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hagqvist ◽  
Stig Vinberg ◽  
Jonathan Q Tritter ◽  
Erika Wall ◽  
Bodil J Landstad
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Clear Identification

The aim of this article is to elucidate how male and female managers of small-scale enterprises in Norway and Sweden relate to and experience the intersection between work and private life. A qualitative content analysis was adopted to explore interviews with 18 managers. The analysis resulted in three primary categories: conflict as a part of the deal, using management to construct balance, and management identity contributing to enrichment. A key theme that emerged was doing management. Both men and women reproduced masculine values in describing their management identities and in explaining how they enacted management. This clear identification was used to legitimate conflict, construct balance and explain the interaction between work and private life as enriching. How the managers enacted gender emerged primarily in how they related to family responsibilities and their feelings of guilt in relation to home and children.

Autobiographical Correlates of Achievement Motivation in Men and Women

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-817
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Structured autobiographies were written by 352 male and 337 female entering freshmen. Separately for males and females, groups were formed of the high scorers (top 27%) and low scorers (bottom 27%) on each of the CPI variables, Achievement via Conformity (Ac) and Achievement via Independence (Ai). Chi square comparisons were made of the high and low scorers on all the variables resulting from a content analysis of the autobiographies. High-Ac male and female students perceived their parental and sibling relationships as more positive than the low-Acs. High-Ais report a less favorable perception of their mothers. During adolescence high-Ac girls apparently fare markedly better, while high-Ai boys seem significantly less happy and well adjusted during this period.

scholarly journals Language of Feminine Consciousness A reading of the Novel (The Beloveds “Al-Muhboubat”) by (Aliyah Mamdouh)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Maha Farouk Abdul Qader Al-Hindaw
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
American University ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Different Levels

This research is an attempt to reveal the manifestations of (Homosexuality), which is any attitude, deed or language issued by both men and women that says the inferiority of the female, and how women resist it at different levels, the most important of which is (language) in an Iraqi novelist text (Al- Muhboobat) by (Aliyah). Mamdouh) published by Dar Al- Saqi in Beirut in 2003, and the recipient of the Naguib Mahfouz Prize for Novel from the American University in Cairo in 2004. The method followed in this study was the analytical method, which came on three levels: 1. Quantitative content analysis: in which the number of male and female characters as they appeared in the novelistic text was compared. 2. The qualitative analysis of the content: It included a comparison between the specifications given to the male and female characters in the novelistic text. 3. Analyzing the homosexuality of the dominant language in the text: by which we mean the way in which language is employed in this text. The research concluded that the number of female characters exceeded the male characters in the novel. Andthe heroine’s desire for rejection, Suhaila, to the reality of tyranny and the invasion that she suffered in the homeland and exile through the rejection letter that represented her in the novel, in contrast to the state of complacency, surrender, and weakness suffered by the son Nader, which was represented by the letter of his machine that he adopted in the novel.

Elite Male and Female 800-m Runners’ Display of Different Pacing Strategies During Season-Best Performances

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Filipas ◽  
Emiliano Nerli Ballati ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To analyze the pacing profiles of the world’s top 800-m annual performances between 2010 and 2016, comparing men’s and women’s strategies. Methods: A total of 142 performances were characterized for overall race times and 0-to-200-m, 200-to-400-m, 400-to-600-m, and 600-to-800-m split times using available footage from YouTube. Only the best annual performance for each athlete was considered. Overall race and split speed were calculated so that each lap speed could be expressed as a percentage of the mean race speed. Results: The mean speed of the men’s 800-m was 7.73 (0.06) m·s−1, with the 0-to-200-m split faster than the others. After the first split, the speed decreased significantly during the 3 subsequent splits (P < .001). The mean speed of the women’s 800-m was 6.77 (0.05) m·s−1, with a significative variation in speed during the race (P < .001). The first split was faster than the others (P < .001). During the rest of the race, speed was almost constant, and no difference was observed between the other splits. Comparison between men and women revealed that there was an interaction between split and gender (P < .001), showing a different pacing behavior in 800-m competitions. Conclusions: The world’s best 800-m performances revealed an important difference in the pacing profile between men and women. Tactics could play a greater role in this difference, but physiological and behavioral characteristics are likely also important.

In the Shadow of Doubt: Expertise, Knowledge, and Systematization in Rabbinic Purity Laws

AJS Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Ayelet Hoffmann Libson
Keyword(s):  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article revisits rabbinic laws of menstrual impurity by comparing them to the parallel laws of male impurity. The prevailing scholarly paradigm has examined menstrual purity laws through the lens of cultural criticism and gender analysis, demonstrating that the sages molded the legal discourse of this field to construct their own authority vis-à-vis the women they describe. By contrast, this article argues that a comparison of menstrual impurity laws with the laws of male impurities discloses substantial parallels that have not been sufficiently explored. This comparison demonstrates that the rabbis developed similar legal categories for both men and women, revealing more about their systematic legal thinking than about their gender economy. Tracing the development of both male and female impurities through rabbinic sources thus has the potential to uncover not only the gendered constructions engaged by the rabbis, but also fundamental rabbinic ideas about the body, legal knowledge, and rabbinic expertise.

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