Supply Chain Management: A Game Changer in the Oil and Gas industry in Nigeria: A Review of Literature

Nigeria has abundant deposit and supply of accessible crude oil and gas resources and it remains the mainstay of her economy. The oil and gas industry in Nigeria is a part of the global oil and gas market which depends on effective and efficient supply-chain management system for the seamless procurement of goods and services (domestic and international), logistics, operations and production management, warehousing, storage of goods from organisations supplier’s suppliers to the customer’s customers with the help of adequate use of modern information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to examine supply chain management: a game changer in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. The paper is largely a literature review, hence a desk research methodology was adopted. The paper revealed that the industry offers a classic model for changing the competition game in the sector through a lean, innovative and environmentally sustainable integrated supply chain management system, as today’s competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains that compete to reduce their cost of acquisition, production, logistics and warehousing along the chain while delivering customers products and services of quality at the right time, quantity and quality, at the right place and total cost, and creating value throughout the chain.

INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT AND FLEET RATIONALIZATION ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of transport and fleet rationalization on performance of state corporations Kenya. Methodology: Descriptive research design was adopted because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 127 heads of transport and logistics department among state corporations operating in Kenya, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability using 10% of the total sample respondents. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses were used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable. Multiple regression models were used to show the relationship between the predicted variable and the predictor variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages. Results and conclusion: The response rate of the study was 76%. R square value of 0.715 means that 71.5% of the corresponding variation in performance of state corporations in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (logistics information management, consignment management, distributor base management, transit management) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.715), p=0.000 <0.05). The findings of the study concluded that logistics information management, consignment management, distributor base management and transit management have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya. Policy recommendation: The study recommended that state corporations should embrace transport and fleet rationalization aspects so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other firms to find out if the same results can be obtained.

INSUFFICIENT RESOURCES AND THE NIGERIA TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

Nigeria with a total land area of 190,771 square kilometers and over 200 million populations requires not only a functional transportation system, but also adequate resources for development efficient operations, as well as management of transportation sector. Resources, most especially in financial context are extremely crucial to the provisions, maintenance, management and sustenance of transportation system in order to efficiently operate various socio-economic engagements in the country. Hence, government at all levels in Nigeria usually makes financial provisions, most especially through annual budget for this vital sector among other competing needs. It is in this context that this paper examined insufficient resources in relation to transportation system in Nigeria with a view to improving mobility and accessibility and enhancing investment potentials socio-economic transactions in the country. This paper relied mostly on data from secondary sources through literatures, publication and other prints materials. This paper established that the resources deployed to the transportation sector through the yearly budgetary allocation are grossly inadequate. It therefore recommended an upward review in the budgetary allocation to the transportation sector so as to meet the growing demand of Nigerian from the sector.

INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ON PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS AMONG STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of public private partnerships on performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations to other institutions. Methodology: The researcher reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and proposed to use the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as answer the stipulated research questions. This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The study prefers this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The study employed stratified random sampling technique in coming up with a sample size of 127 respondents from a total of 187 target population. Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to show the relationship between variables Results and conclusion: The response rate of the study was 87%.The coefficient of determination also called the R2 was 0.634. R2 value of 0.634 means that 63.4% of the corresponding variation in performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management, team management) which indicated that the model fitted the study data.The findings of the study indicated that information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management and team management have a positive relationship with performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya.The findings of the study indicated that legal framework, stakeholder involvement, value for money and risk management have a positive relationship with performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya Policy recommendation: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace public private partnerships so as to improve performance of projects among state corporations and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.

Influence of Supply Chain Risk Factors on the Price of Petroleum Products among Oil Marketing Companies in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of supply chain risk factors on the price of petroleum products among Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in Kenya with a view of making recommendations on mitigating supply chain risk factors. Methodology: This research study adopted both descriptive and inferential statistics where data collected from 159 respondents using questionnaires is analysed and fitted into multiple regression model. The qualitative data generated was analysed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts. Results and conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that supply chain risk factors i.e. that transportation and delivery, inbound cost fluctuations and geo-politics have a positive relationship with price of petroleum products among Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs). However, the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.6.) revealed that only 60% of variations in the price of petroleum product could be attributed to the supply chain risk factors under investigation. The remaining 40% is attributed to other variables that were not examined in this study. In Conclusion, the price of petroleum products among oil marketing companies can be influenced by transportation and delivery, inbound cost fluctuations and geo-politics Policy recommendation: Finally, the study recommended that Oil marketing companies to develop sophisticated supply chain risk management systems in order become less vulnerable to shocks and disruptions; and reduce exposure.

INFLUENCE OF PROCUREMENT AUDITING ON PERFORMANCE OF PARASTATALS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of procurement auditing on the performance of parastatals in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations to other institutions. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting heads of procurement in parastatals. As a rule of thumb when the population is below 200, a study does a census. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Pilot study was carried out to establish the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The instruments were designed appropriately according to the study objectives. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used multiple regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages. Results and conclusion: R square value of 0.768 means that 76.8% of the corresponding variation in performance of parastatals in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (planning audit, awareness audit, evaluation audit and contract management audit) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.761), p=0.000 <0.05)..The findings of the study indicated that planning audit, awareness audit, evaluation of received tenders auditing, contract management audit have a positive relationship with performance of parastatals in Kenya Policy recommendation: The study recommendes that public institutions should embrace public procurement audit so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained..

INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ON PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine influence of public private partnerships on performance of projects in the hospitality industry in Kenya. Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was the 215 classified establishments in the hospitality industry spread over different locations in Kenya. The Hotels and Restaurants Authority (HRA) under the Ministry of Tourism is charged with the responsibility of classification. This classification brings about categories such as 5 star, 4 star, 3 star, 2 star and 1 star approved with continuous control on the quality of services offered. Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to show the relationship between variables. Results and conclusion:The coefficient of determination also called the R2 was 0.634. R2 value of 0.634 means that 63.4% of the corresponding variation in performance of projects in the hospitality industry can be explained or predicted by (government protocol, proof of concept, value for money and vulnerability management) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.634), p=0.000 <0.05). The findings of the study indicated that government protocol, proof of concept, value for money and vulnerability management have a positive relationship with performance of projects in the hospitality industry in Kenya. Policy recommendation: Finally, the study recommended that institutions should embrace public private partnerships so as to improve performance of projects in the hospitality industry and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.

INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING PROJECTS REGISTERED BY NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine influence of strategic management best practices on performance of commercial building projects registered by national construction authority in Nairobi City County, Kenya Methodology: A descriptive survey design was adopted by the study and a total of 289 commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Nairobi City County was the target population, as shown in NCA (2020) directory. Using Kothari (2014) sample size formula, the study got 167 commercial building projects. This study used simple random sampling to get the firm. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The questionnaire was set in likert scale format to capture quantitative data. Data analysis entailed descriptive analysis such as means, frequency and percentages. Data was also analyzed through inferential analysis which entails correlation and regression. Statistical tests were conducted at five percent level of significance and the findings were presented through tables and figures. Results and conclusion: The coefficient of determination also called the R2 was 0.634. R2 value of 0.634 means that 63.4% of the corresponding variation in performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management, team management) which indicated that the model fitted the study data.The findings of the study indicated that information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management and team management have a positive relationship with performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya. Policy recommendation:the study recommends that companies should embrace strategic management best practices so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.

EFFECTS OF JUST-IN-TIME PROCUREMENT STRATEGY ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Just-in-time procurement strategy on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. Methodology: The study adopted a causal research design. To collect primary data the respondents answered questions administered to them through questionnaires. The unit of observation consisted of the Heads of Procurement, Production, Sales and Finance of the food and beverage manufacturing firms located in Nairobi County as listed by Kenya Association of Manufacturers in 2019. The sample size was 83 heads of department. Face validity was used to determine the accuracy of the study instrument while test re-test method was used to determine the reliability. The completed questionnaires were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Findings: From the study findings Just-in-time (JIT) procurement strategy (β=0.689, t=3.469, p=0.001) had a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms. The value of adjusted R2 was 0.167 indicating that there was variation of 16.7 percent on organization performance due to changes in JIT procurement at 95 percent confidence interval. Conclusion: The study concluded that JIT Procurement strategy has a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The overall effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance was 68.9%. The study therefore accepted the alternative hypothesis that JIT procurement strategy has significant effect on organization performance of food and beverages manufacturers in Nairobi County. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Food and beverge manufacturing firms in developing countries should consider implementing JIT Procurement strategy. This will ensure that they purchase the optimal level of items when needed to avoid keeping unnecessary inventory which ties up money and at the same time ensure that there is no shortage so that the customers have to wait. Policy makers in the food and beverage manufacturing sector should consider developing policies to promote JIT Procurement strategy in this industry. Further research should be conducted focusing on the service sector to investigate the effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance for comparison.

EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF WORLD BANK FUNDED PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine influence of strategic procurement on performance of world bank funded projects in nairobi city couty, Kenya Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 officers working for the implementing agencies spread in various World Bank funded projects in Nairobi City County. . As a rule of thumb census was used because the total population is less than 200. Once collected, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The response rate of the study was 87%. The study findings of the study indicated that vendor optimization, outsourcing, information technology adoption and total quality management had a positive impact on the performance of World Bank funded projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya such as general cost reduction of projects, greater customer satisfaction and timely delivery of the projects. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace strategic procurement so as to improve performance and further research should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained since the findings may not be applicable to all other counties, or implementing agencies in Kenya and the world at large.