Metodología de diseño aplicada en dispositivo de pruebas en pistones

As part of the development and manufacture of engine pistons used by the automotive industry, a series of laboratory tests are carried out that include: Mechanical, metallographic and chemical analysis of the material, dimensional verification, final weight and piston finishes finished, tests on the engine dynamometer of the finished product, etc. The technological development department of an automotive piston manufacturing company, as part of the quality assurance process of its products, has established the need to assess the compressive and fatigue resistance of pistons, both at room temperature and at temperature normal operation of an internal combustion engine. The equipment proposed to carry out these tests is an hydraulic servo machine, which has the capacity to apply dynamic load and static load, with which extreme piston operating loads can be simulated. For this reason, the design goal of this work is to design a device with which the test specimens (pistons) can be held in the machine, in order to perform fatigue and compression tests and in which, the heat can be heated piston at the required test temperature.

Transformación de un auto Sedan (volkswagen) a híbrido y totalmente eléctrico

In this work, a proposal is made to transform the vw sedan vehicle into a hybrid and electric vehicle as a viable alternative, to reduce polluting emissions from combustion vehicles and the high costs that conventional fuels have managed to achieve in recent times, New structures have been implemented to improve vehicle propulsion conditions by reducing pollutants. For this reason, the option of vehicles that contain two systems to generate their operation is attractive. The option that we are going to analyze is a hybrid vehicle with a parallel arrangement, in which the electrical energy that drives it comes from batteries and alternatively from an internal combustion engine that drives a generator. Typically, an internal combustion engine can also drive the wheels directly. In the design of a hybrid car, the heat engine is the energy source that is used as last option, and an electronic system is arranged to determine which engine to use and when to use it.

Metrología óptica en el estudio de eventos dinámicos

The evolution over time of structural changes in materials is of great importance in various areas of science, its study involves determining the phase with the change in the intensity of the physical properties to be measured. In this work, the use of Phase Displacement Interferometry PSI is presented using a combination algorithm of five interferograms or five steps, the results are compared with the addition of the states studied in the dynamic event, exposed in the Digital Holographic Interferometry DHI. The deformation was simulated from a rotating system in the coordinates (x, y). The results suggest that the phase map of the changing events with time that are calculated with PSI of five steps may have a relationship with the average of each change point of the dynamic event, with a difference of 0.96 radians.

Careta Inteligente de Protección Facial “SMART FACE SHIELD”

Considering the current health situation and the need for population health safety, this work presents the development of a prototype of an intelligent face mask for facial protection that contributes to the fight against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the education and health sector; so it is visualized as an important opportunity for the development of technological tools that allow to contribute to solve a problem and generate a social impact. Due to the problems detected, the following actions are carried out for the implementation of a prototype capable of constantly monitoring body temperature and recommended social distance using an alert system, which is developed in three different stages where design and printing, electronics, programming and assembly are considered. During the research process it is determined that such devices will be required and present a promising future in this area of application, although it is known that there are alternatives but that require a greater process before their implementation.

Diseño y simulación preliminar del cubo del rotor para una turbina eólica de 50-kW clase II, de acuerdo a la norma IEC-61400-2

Currently, wind energy in Mexico is growing and the same is happening worldwide, so projects with national technologies for the manufacture of wind turbine components must be developed. In this work, a proposal is made for the design of the hub of the rotor for a 50-kW turbine, the objective is to make a new proposal to improve the previous design of project P07 of the Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía Eólica (CEMIEEólico), which has a welded mechanical hub for a prototype turbine 30 kW. In addition, a simulation is performed through analysis of the finite element method (FEA) by applying certain load elements with the simplified load method of the international standard IEC 61400-2. In these simulations, the load cases of the norm that directly influence the cube are analyzed, then simulated in the ANSYS software to validate the proposed design, mainly analyzing the stresses and deformations. The results obtained will serve as a reference to manufacture the cube and evaluate the feasibility of carrying out a commercial stage with a view to making national components for wind farms.

Diseño de un controlador para sistemas de refrigeración aplicando índice de confort térmico simplificado

This work, the objective is to study a simplified thermal comfort index and apply it to a model of a building with a cooling system in order to check if this simplified comfort index works as a substitute for the standardized index that is indicated in international standards and lead to the decrease in the use of six input variables to only two, which would present a reduction in the number of measuring instruments to be used in real applications. This application presents a Derivative Integral Proportional Controller (PID) to calculate the temperature that satisfies the conditions so that inside the building a comfortable environment is maintained following the scales of the comfort indices. Comparisons of temperatures, thermal comfort scales and percentage of dissatisfied people in both models are required to obtain a validation. The programming of the building’s mathematical models as of the simplified and standard thermal comfort indices is planned to demonstrate based on block diagrams using the software Matlab® on its Simulink platform.

Estabilidad y diseño de un controlador LQR para un sistema Bola-Viga

This article presents the design of an LQR controller for a Ball-Beam system, as well as its stability analysis, the control of a Ball-Beam system is one of the most interesting for control engineering since it is a highly non-dynamic system linear. The objectives of this document focus on the performance of the system using an LQR control for different disturbances as well as obtaining the phase plans. The work starts with the modeling of the ballgirder system, which consists of two mechanical arms, a gear box and a DC servomotor, later the LQR control is designed, this allows simulation and obtaining the response of the controller under different conditions. In the system the input torque is generated from the DC servo motor to control the position of the ball on the beam, where the ball rolls freely on the beam. Performance analysis is performed using robust LQR and the performance characteristics of the system are presented. Finally, the stability analysis is carried out by plotting the phase planes.

Sistema de realidad virtual para la industria aerospacial

This document describes the process of design and development of a virtual reality system tailored to the Manufacturing environment of Aerospace industry using TRIZ metholodogy with the objective of reducing the learning curve in direct labor. There were identified the critical problems in Manufacturing that describe the longest timing of learning curve. The solution consists of conceiving a Virtual reality system introducing 3D technologies, interactive interfaces and Advanced software to help the user to learn faster and acquire the knowledge and skills in hours. Aircraft Manufacturing environment relies on human factor due to the high complexity of craftsmanship and product controls, severity and a high variety and specialization of many different components with different geometries that are assembled from minor to major assemblies to finally build an aerostructure sizing 63 ft x 20 ft (e.g. Cessna Sovereign+) that consists of 200 thousands subassemblies and details that require precisión and perfection to manufacture a product that meets functional and quality expectations.

Diseño e implementación de una Interfaz de Control para la Integración de una Celda de Manufactura Flexible

In modern industry, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are indispensable to increase productivity and product quality. The cells that constitute them have several work stations connected to each other through a communication protocol, therefore, with which they are able to identify and distinguish between the different parts or products processed in the system. Furthermore, they have the ability of adaptation to the demand of processing different products and quantities. In the FMS communication protocols are used such as Device Net, Ethernet, among others. However, there are cases in which there are no communication modules; however, it is necessary to develop alternative devices to communicate the work stations with each other to integrate a flexible manufacturing cell with the necessary characteristics. This paper presents the results obtained from the study of infrastructure for the development of a communication interface to integrate a flexible manufacturing cell using a microcontroller, with the capability of communicating two work stations. In this particular case, a FANUC M6iB robot with a HAAS VF2 machining center.

Control Robusto Adaptable para Sistema no inercial: Acrobot sobre un carro

This work shows the mathematical modeling of the non-linear system of an Acrobot on a car, which consist in a planar rotational mechanism with two joints of revolute, with an actuator in the elbow, but without actuator in the shoulder through the classical Euler-Lagrange method. In addition, a robust control strategies is proposed to achieve the attitude stabilization of the inverted position of Acrobot on a car in a non-inertial physical framework, these include reactions forces and relative motions which can potentially alter the performance of the system. The algorithm proposed is the Adaptive Sliding Modes Control (ASMC), which alters the dynamic of a non-linear system applying a discontinuous control signal that forces the system to “slide” until reaching the desired stability point, whose the main advantage is reject modeling uncertainties and non-linear effects , which result from the accelerated framework of reference to which Acrobot on a car. Implementing a scheme by numerical simulations in the platform Simulink.