Human relationship and its impact on schools’ performance in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Teachers, administrators, heads, and students all need to have good relationships to meet educational goals. It has been found that a school's performance is measured by positive relationships between instructors, pupils, administrators, and other stakeholders. As a result, the study aimed to investigate human relationship issues and determine their effects on school success to change the condition in the future. The study's participants were all heads of Government Higher Secondary Schools (GHSS) in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The researchers used basic random sampling techniques to pick 65 heads from all GHSS in Malakand Division for the sample. Since it was a detailed study, the data was collected using a Likert scale questionnaire. The Chi-square tests and percentage used to tabulate and interpret the data in SPSS. According to the findings, the number of teachers does not comply with school administrators. On the one side, the lack of collaboration among staff members impedes a conducive atmosphere at the colleges. The school principals are dissatisfied with the behaviour and actions of the high-ups when it comes to some subject concerning the college. The report has found that political influence and intervention had uprooted and disrupted the whole educational structure. As a result, the suggestion of depoliticizing the education department was given. The Education Ministry should provide daily seminars and training for teachers and principals to strengthen management skills and involvement, commitment in school matters, and sense of duty, which play a vital role in the growth of organizations.

The Role of Co-curricular Activities in Leadership Skills' Development among University Students

Education aims at the balanced personality growth of individuals and offers both curricular and co-curricular activities to realize this goal. Talking about the importance of co-curricular activities in mind, the study investigated the function of co-curricular activities in leadership skills' growth among university students. The research aimed to figure out co-curricular activities among university students, examine the connection between co-curricular activities and students' leadership skills' growth, and establish techniques for co-curricular activities at the university levels. The sample of the research was all 4523 undergraduate students from 06 faculties of the University of Swat. The researchers randomly selected 60 participants for the analysis, created a questionnaire, and validated it by piloting data collection. The data were obtained with self-administered questionnaires and evaluated with frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square test of significance. The study established the strategies of giving equal importance to co-curricular activities, motivation of students for involvement in co-curricular activities, proper scheduling for co-curricular activities, allocation of sufficient financial resources, provision of playgrounds, gymnasiums for arranging indoor, outdoor games and literary activities, and reinforcement of students' contribution in co-curricular activities with a distribution of prizes.

Independence of Judiciary in Pakistan: An analysis of 18th & 19th Constitutional Amendments

Democracies exist all over the world. In democratic states, elected officials make collective decisions on behalf of the people. People of a state are allowed to regulate their elected officials by unique institutions such as regular elections, the right to free political participation, universal adult suffrage. Similarly, the freedom of the press. In the state where democracy is assured, government agencies (executive, judiciary, and legislature) operate in individual and collective domains to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities. Every person has a direct relationship with these critical institutions, especially the judiciary. The parties' grievances are filed with the state's administrative body in the event of a violation of duty or citizens' rights. Judicial independence is essential for the state's citizens' rights to be protected. If there is judicial independence, there will equal rights for the citizens.

The effects of parents education on their daughters higher education in Khyber pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

The current research in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa looked at parents' education on their daughters' higher education. The researchers wanted to see how their parents' education influences their daughters' academic motivation. The study included male parents from Dir lower, Dir higher, and Swat. A sample of 360 male parents was chosen using the L.R Gay sample sorting table. A questionnaire was developed, and the Likert scale was provided five choices. Thus the data was collectedon random policy from the selected male parents. The data was entered into SPSS, analyzed with version-22, and percentage and chi-square analysis were used to interpret it. The research discovered that their parents' high educational levels positively influenced their daughters' higher education. The study recommends that the government educate society and parents in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to improve girls' literacy.

The Role of Teachers in Career Guidance of Students at Secondary Level in Pakistan

Secondary education decides students' career paths, and teachers at this level play an important role in students' career guidance by assisting them in subject selection and providing career knowledge. Given the importance of teachers in secondary school students' career guidance, the study looked into the role of secondary school teachers in secondary school students' career guidance. The study's goals were to determine the role of teachers in secondary school career guidance and to suggest strategies for secondary school students' career guidance. The study population was 3,247 high-school students from the Swat district, with a sample of 346 students chosen using simple random sampling for data collection. The information was gathered using a self-made questionnaire and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square test. They discovered that teachers play an important role in secondary school career guidance because they serve as role models for students, identify students' career aspirations and abilities, assist in the integration of students' aspirations and potentials, assist in the subject selection, provide career guidance, identify potential careers, and provide career information and requirements. The study also suggested that teachers' capacity for providing career guidance at the secondary level be developed and the inclusion of career guidance subjects at the secondary level.

The Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Bachelor of Education Program in Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan

The provision of quality teachers by teacher preparation programs determines the quality of education in schools. The study aimed to define trainee teachers' beliefs about teacher education and include recommendations for improving teacher education, giventhe importance of teacher education for the quality of education in educational institutions. The study included 45 trainee teachers from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University's education department in Dir upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 30 people were chosen for inclusion in the analysis using a purposive random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed, validated, and piloted to ensure its accuracy. The information was gathered using self-administered questionnaires and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square significance test. The study found that trainee teachers in the institute are satisfied with their needs and demands through teacher education, that teacher education curricula are tailored to the needs of trainee teachers, that subject content courses are appropriate, that the scope of teaching practicum is broad, that training is linked to practical school experiences, and that school management courses are offered. The pedagogy courses help trainee teachers improve their teaching skills, and they receive adequate training in evaluation methods. There are also quality academic research activities. The study suggested that trainee teachers attend orientation sessions to learn about their needs and demands,which could be met through teacher preparation. Teacher education curricula are revised to provide more realistic exposure to the school's atmosphere and activities.Keywords:bachelor of education, beliefs, teacher education, trainee-teachers

Combating the Harassment of Women at Workplace: An Analysis of Legislation in Pakistan

The 3 P's, i.e., the security, promotion, and provision of fundamental rights to its people, are widely regarded as the hallmarks of an effective legal system. These 3Ps are enforced in both formal and informal legal structures. Gender-based violence (GBV) at work is the most well-known form of GBV in our culture, which is marked by patriarchy and gender segregation. When harassment occurs in the workplace, it makes a female's working experience unpleasant, harmful, and aggressive. It makes it difficult for her to obtain a legitimate position and respect in the workplace. According to a survey, 77 percent of Pakistani women employed in different occupations are unaware of their human rights in cases of sexual abuse. According to the National Commission on the Status of Women, 50 percent of women interviewed from the public and private sectors had been sexually harassed and were hesitant to report the truth. The Protection against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act of 2010 was enacted in Pakistan's history to protect women from mischief and ensure a safe workplace. It manifested constitutional protections enlisted under Fundamental rights. Non-traditional job structures, such as farm work, domestic and home-based work, are part of Pakistan's socio-economic culture. Even on non-traditional job bases, the Act of 2010 made it possible to directly contact the Office of Ombudsperson or file a criminal complaint. This article aims to examine the current state and efficacy of workplace discrimination legislation.

An Assessment of School-Community Relationship in the Public Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Human relationships directly influence the success of educational goals. As a result, a constructive partnership with instructors, administrators, heads, and students is required to achieve academic goals. It has been observed that good relationships among teachers, students, heads, parents, and the community decide a school's performance. As a result, the study aimed to investigate human relationship issues and their effects on school success to change the situation in the future. The study's participants were all heads of (GHS) Schools in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The researcher used convenience sampling techniques to pick 65 heads from all GHSS in Malakand Division for the sample. Since it was a mixed approach study, a Likert-style questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect qualitative data from the purposefully chosen ten school heads. SPSS was used to tabulate and interpret the data, which was done using percentages and the Chi-square test.The bulk of students, according to the study, do not collaborate with school administrators. The analysis also found that parents, communities, PTCs, and BOGs are not entirely cooperative. Higher authorities do not perform their duties to the complete satisfaction of secondary school principals. In contrast, political influence has uprooted and ruined the whole educational structure. As a result, the study suggested that prominent representatives of the group (Khan, Malak, Pesh Imams) be welcomed to schools regularly to encourage parents and community members to cooperate and share school concerns and concerns with them. The Ministry of Education should include daily training and workshops for principals, BOGs, and PTCs to develop their leadership skills and increase community awareness and interest in school management issues. They will establish a sense of ownership as a result, and they will play an important role in the growth of organizations.

The Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Bachelor of Education Program in Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan

The provision of quality teachers by teacher preparation programs determines the quality of education in schools. The study aimed to define pre-service teachers' beliefs about teacher education and include recommendations for improving teacher education, given the importance of teacher education for the quality of education in educational institutions. The study included 45 pre-service teachers from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University's education department in Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 30 people were chosen for inclusion in the analysis using a purposive random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed, validated, and piloted to ensure its accuracy. The information was gathered using self-administered questionnaires and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square significance test. The study found that pre-service teachers in the institute are satisfied with their needs and demands through teacher education, that teacher education curricula are tailored to the needs of pre-service teachers, that subject content courses are appropriate, that the scope of teaching practicum is broad, that training is linked to practical school experiences, and that school management courses are offered. The pedagogy courses help pre-service teachers improve their teaching skills, and they receive adequate training in evaluation methods. There are also quality academic research activities. The study suggested that pre-service teachers attend orientation sessions to learn about their needs and demands, which could be met through teacher preparation. Teacher education curricula are revised to provide more realistic exposure to the school's atmosphere and activities.

Classroom Management Practices of Secondary School Teachers in District Swat

Classroom management refers to the overall management of classroom resources, activities, and learners that result in a favourable environment for students' learning and balanced personality development. This task of effective classroom management is much more challenging and demanding on the part of teachers; therefore, the study aimed to investigate teachers' classroom management strategies at the secondary level. The study's objectives were; to find out the classroom management strategies of secondary schools' teachers, identify problems in the classroom management of secondary schools' teachers, and suggest strategies for effective classroom management at the secondary level. The population of the study was 5623 male secondary schools' teachers of district Swat. The researchers randomly selected a sample of 100 teachers for the study and developed a questionnaire to collect data. The data were gathered with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed with frequency, percentages and Chi-square test. The study found the classroom management strategies of interactive discussion before classes, in the beginning, development of class rules in consultation with students, assigning individual, pair and group work to students, giving respect to the questions and answers of students and the use of body language to control misbehavior in the class, identified the problem of difficulty in establishing rapport with students in the beginning of the classes and suggested the strategies of interactive discussion, development of rules in consultation with students, assigning roles to students, use of body gestures and provision of pleasure environment in classes for effective classroom management.