scholarly journals The effects of parents education on their daughters higher education in Khyber pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Rooh ul Amin Sultankheil ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Abdur Rashid Jan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
High Educational ◽  
Sample Sorting ◽  
Parents Education

The current research in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa looked at parents' education on their daughters' higher education. The researchers wanted to see how their parents' education influences their daughters' academic motivation. The study included male parents from Dir lower, Dir higher, and Swat. A sample of 360 male parents was chosen using the L.R Gay sample sorting table. A questionnaire was developed, and the Likert scale was provided five choices. Thus the data was collectedon random policy from the selected male parents. The data was entered into SPSS, analyzed with version-22, and percentage and chi-square analysis were used to interpret it. The research discovered that their parents' high educational levels positively influenced their daughters' higher education. The study recommends that the government educate society and parents in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to improve girls' literacy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) on Sustainable Development Projects in Katsina Metropolis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naseer Babangida Muazu ◽  
Abubakar Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Nigeria is facing profound social, economic and environmental impact of population growth, development and environmental constraints. It is apparent that government alone has limited capacity to deal with all these problems. NGOs being one of the most effective partners have been playing supportive roles with the government, in some cases, they are considered more effective to get attached with the grass root level developmental initiatives. However, despite the role NGOs played, their presence and impact is not fully evaluated, recognized and appreciated by many governments and community members. It is for this reason this article attempts to examine whether projects executed by NGOs have any impact on sustainable development in Katsina Metropolis, given special emphasis on projects that dealt with environmental protection, poverty alleviation and health care services. The study further look at whether efficiency of NGOs officials has any impact on success of sustainable development projects execution.  A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 NGOs beneficiaries in five (5) selected political wards of twelve (12) in Katsina metropolis. Interviews was used to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire from NGOs officials which include; development officers and facilitators in five (5) selected NGO offices operating in Katsina Metropolis namely; Save the Children, Service to Humanity Foundation, Murna Foundation, Katsina Friends of Environment and Makudawa Skills Acquisition. Frequency and chi-square analysis was used to present the results. The findings revealed that NGOs are complementing government efforts towards achieving sustainable development through their projects, and efficiency of NGOs officials has significant impact on success of sustainable development projects executed in the area. The findings of the study can benefit government and NGOs in creating more areas of collaboration in order to achieve sustainable development.

Cultural Constraints To Female Higher Education In Malakand Division, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Niqab
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The current study was aimed to analyze the Pakhtun cultural constraints in the way of female higher education. For this purpose, the data was collected through a survey instrument by snowball sampling and selected 384 respondents from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. A Chi-Square test was applied in order to find out the association between independent (Pakhtun culture) and a dependent variable (low female higher education). The results show that there is a high and significant relationship between the low ratio of female higher education and sub-dimensions of Pakhtun culture i.e. early puberty, conservatism, Pardah, home related factors, Son preference, male dominancy, lack of freedom of expression for female, early/child marriage, noninvolvement of female in decision making, spending money of parents but benefits goes to husband family, non-acceptance of co-education, living in hostel of female and cultural interpretation of religion are various risk factors for low female higher education in Pakhtun society. The study recommends that the government should focus on women education, create awareness regarding female education and provide better educational facilities and incentives for women. Besides, more employment opportunities should be created to enhance female higher education.

A quantitative assessment of institutions of higher education disaster preparedness and resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy, PhD, MPH, MBA ◽  
Jeff Brown, PhD ◽  
Arti Shankar, PhD, MS ◽  
Maureen Lichtveld, MD, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Campus Law Enforcement ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Question Survey

Objective: Assess levels of disaster preparedness in institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States.Design: An anonymous, 57-question survey targeted individuals responsible for emergency management at IHEs across the US descriptive statistics and bivariate chi-square analysis were reported. Using the established threshold score of the initial Cities Readiness Initiative from the CDC, an individual respondent’s composite score of 70 percent or higher across 23 specific questions within the 57-question survey was labeled as “prepared.”Results: Chi-square analysis identified variables associated with lower preparedness levels at IHEs not achieving the minimum 70 percent score. Having a campus law enforcement officer serve the additional role of emergency manager had a negative association with being prepared [χ 2 (1) = 10.18, p 0.001]. Having emergency management as a separate university function from campus law enforcement had a positive relationship with being prepared [χ 2 (1) = 18.55, p 0.001]. Staffing the emergency management function with a professional having less than 3 years of emergency management experience had a negative association with being prepared.Conclusions: Our results indicate that minimizing the mission of emergency management by simply tasking a campus law enforcement officer with the extra responsibility of emergency management or entertaining less professionally qualified personnel to lead emergency management’s complex mission can lead to disastrous results. Not only is preparedness impacted, but also resilience when facing disaster situations. Our nation continues to strive to become more resilient when facing such adverse events, as formally embraced and emphasized in the 2017 National Security Strategy. Research continues to offer best practices and unfortunately continues to highlight gaps. While the higher education community is not one of the 16 federal critical infrastructure sectors, identified gaps such as those presented in our findings as well as those published by the National Academies of Sciences are cause for alarm. Not only are higher education campuses generating invaluable contributions to society in general, bio-innovation, public health, and medicine, to name a few, they are a core stakeholder in resilience research and implementation. Yet, research continues to indicate preparedness and therefore resilience gaps in this sector. The authors propose implications for practice, policy, and research to assist IHEs in achieving a more comprehensive, sustainable level of resilience.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Production among Rural Fishing Households in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
Emaziye, P.O
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
School Level ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The major aim of the study was to examine the climatic impacts on rural fishing households. Data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square analysis model. Multi-stage sampling techniques were adopted in the purposive selection of 45 rural fishing households. Most respondents were aged with large household size and male-headed households. Respondents were mostly married to a secondary school level of education. Respondents were dominated with low annual income indicating poverty which resulted from climatic effects. Flooding was severe that destroyed the rural fishing business resulting in critical climatic impacts. Short term relief measures should be given by the government and donor agencies to easy to agonies of rural fishing households. Keywords: Climate change, fish, impacts, households production.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) in Input Delivery in Southwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ibitunde Ibidun Olatohun ◽  
Farinde Akinloye Jimoh ◽  
Adereti Francis Oke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The study identified the problems of access to inputs by the small-scale farmers; and analyzed the structure and operations of the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) on input supply to small-scale farmers in Southwestern Nigeria with the view to investigate the effectiveness of GESS in South western Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting 420 GESS farmers. The interview schedule was used to collect data which were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis to test the hypothesis. Results showed that the mean age of the small-scale farmers was 49.57±10.49 years and a high level, 75.70 per cent were males. A higher percentage (55.80%) showed a high level of identified problems of access to inputs. Analysis of the structure and operations of GESS on input supply showed that GESS was structured and operated by the government among the various stakeholders using the top-down approach. Out of the nineteen GESS effectiveness indicators, none was effective at solving the problems of inputs delivery to the respondents. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between the effectiveness of GESS and respondents' sex (χ2=46.159; p≤ 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a negative and significant relationship between the effectiveness of GESS and identified problems of access to inputs (r=-0.214, p≤0.001). It was concluded that GESS recorded a low level of effectiveness of GESS in the study area as a result of the high level of identified problems of access to agricultural inputs through GESS. The study therefore recommends that there should be better orientation for future likely programmes and a reorientation of the farmers about the GESS in which there will be more extensive sensitization and enlightenment, especially at the grassroots level, also that quantity of input supply be increased and that more inclusive participatory approach instead of top-down approach should be adopted for planning, execution and evaluation of the GESS programme.

scholarly journals Assessment of Extension Officers Contribution to Cocoa Production in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
O.S. Oke ◽  
M.O. Nosiru ◽  
A.A. Ogunbela ◽  
J.T. Marizu ◽  
M.O. Lawah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study was carried out to evaluate the extension officer contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, where two hundred and sixteen questionnaires were distributed in Osun and Ondo state , the information gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistic such as; frequency and percentage, while chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. From the results, married (77.6%),  male (84.0%), secondary school holders (52.0%), between 40-49 (34.4%) years old farmers were seen as the highest cocoa producers. Extension training(64.0%), commercial agents(64.0%), fellowship(52.8%), self observation(76.0%) were the best source of information on extension service of cocoa farming , most respondents (65.0%); get extension training programme at regular basis, identified Constraints facing cocoa production in the study area includes deficient credit facilities, high cost of labour, bad road, poor marketing/storage facilities, lack of technical knowledge / assess to technical tools and so on. in view of afore mentioned result it is therefore recommended that the government should make loan available to the cocoa famers at very low interest rate and urge cocoa farmers to form cooperative society, strengthen their agricultural extension agents so that they will be able to rain cocoa farmers on the basic things they should know about primary processing such as fermentation and drying of cocoa beans in improving the quality in Nigeria to meet international market. Keywords: Assessment, Extension officer, Contribution, Farmers, Cocoa production

Analysis of Media Use Preferences among Coconut Farmers in Western Zone of Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
O Bolarin ◽  
C.C Mogor
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The study investigated the media use preference among coconut farmers in the western zone of Lagos state, Nigeria. A total number of 120 coconut farmers were selected for the study. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule and analyzed with frequency count, percentage, mean and Chi-square statistics. The usage mean rank showed that mobile phone (mean=4.49), radio (mean=4.47) and television (mean=4.09) were ranked first, second and third respectively. The highest ranked preferred media were radio (mean=4.63), agricultural extension officers (mean=4.43) and fellow farmers (mean=4.36). Chi-square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the coconut farmers’ media preference and their socio-economic characteristics. The study conclude that mobile phone, radio and television are the most frequently used media by coconut farmers in the study area. The study further averred that coconut farmers preferred radio, agricultural extension officers, television, family and friends as a medium of communication. The government and non-governmental organizations should intensify the dissemination of information to the coconut farmers using media such as radio, agricultural extension officers, television since that is the most preferred media. Keywords: Preference, Radio, Television, Mobile phone, Agricultural extension

scholarly journals Assessment of crop farmers coping strategies to pastoralism/nomad activities in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Kayode Samuel Obaniyi ◽  
Ayorinde Kolawole ◽  
Abiodun Ajala ◽  
Abigail Adeyonu ◽  
Adedayo Oguntade
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Coping

AbstractThis study examined the coping strategies of crop farmers to pastoralist activities in Odo-Otin Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 farmers. The data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and interview and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result revealed various levels of damage caused to food security by the pastoralist as follows: compaction of soil (84%), damage and eating of the crops on the field (79%), indiscriminate bush burning leading to fire outbreak on farms (73%), stealing of farm produce by herders (73%), pollution of water points (54%), killing of farmers (13%) and others. The result further revealed the coping strategies used by crop farmers: praying for peace (98%), early harvesting (95%), early planting (92%), multiple farm plots (91%), group farming (90%), relocating farm (77%), police intervention (60%), government intervention (9%), NGO intervention (9%) and insurance (4.2%). The results of Chi-square analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the educational status (X2 = 13.06, P = 0.01) and coping strategies used against pastoralist activities. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should formulate a policy that will stimulate peace among crop farmers and pastoralist to sustain food security and reduce poverty among rural dwellers, thereby transforming the rural environment into an attractive centre.

scholarly journals Awareness and Adherence to Government Guidelines on Physical Activity by American Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1293-1293
Author(s):  
Teresia Mbogori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objectives U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides physical activity guidelines for Americans. Current guidelines recommend at least 30–60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity 5 days a week. This level of physical activity is associated with reduction of many adverse health outcomes. This study sought to investigate the awareness and adherence to these guidelines by adults in the United States. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5 Cycle 3), a nationally-representative survey administered by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Data were collected between January and May 2019 among 5438 adults. Participants were asked if they were aware of government guidelines on physical activity, where they had heard this information and the action they took. In addition, participants were asked the number of days in a week they were physically active or exercised and for how long. Descriptive and Chi square statistics were used to determine the level of awareness and adherence to physical activity guidelines and the relationship between awareness and actions taken. Results About 36% of the participants stated that they had not heard about government recommendations on physical activity. 46% stated that they heard about the guidelines but did not make any changes to their physical activity routine while 5.3% stated that they increased their physical activity. Sources of this information were, television (34%), social media or internet (25%), health professionals or doctor (24%), and magazines (19%). About 54% of the participants reported that they were physically active 3 or more days per week while 26% stated that they did no physical activity. About 68.4% of those who reported exercising did so for 30–60 minutes while 15% exercised for more than 60 minutes per day. Chi square analysis showed that a higher percentage of those who reported not exercising at all also reported that they had not heard about the government recommendations of physical activity (X2 = 29.6; P < 0.0001). Conclusions There still remains a considerable section of the population that is not aware of the government guidelines on physical activity. There is need for continued public education on the benefits of physical activity and the amount of physical activity that is likely to result in such benefits. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Provision of Advanced Care Planning Information by Public Institutions of Higher Education in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Chiu ◽  
Dayna S. Henry ◽  
Michael J. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Advance Care Directives ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Four Year Institutions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study explored how many, and in what form, U.S. public institutions of higher education (IHE; n=1,642) provide information regarding advance care planning (ACP), advance care directives (ACDs), and end-of-life (EOL) care on their official websites. Chi-square analysis was used to examine relationships between the availability of information and three institutional characteristics (size, type, and medical degree offering). Results show that most public IHE (92.1%, n=1,513) do not provide any information regarding ACDs or ACP on their websites. Overall, large, four-year institutions that offer medical degrees were significantly more likely to provide ACP and ACD information on their official websites.

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