Design and Fabrication of Meat Shredder Machine Using VDI2221 Approach

Shredded meat is more palatable to the taste of consumer and preparing shredded meat in a large scale requires the aid of meat shredder machine. This paper presents a detailed design procedure of a meat shredder machine developed by the VDI2221 approach. This paper also elaborates on the design of each part of the machine which includes selecting the components of the cutting and transmission system, kinematic arrangement of forces, material selection on the machine and proportion of parts to ensure the maximum strength and functionality of the machine. Further, the design of the various parts of the machine in 3D model and machine fabrication are discussed, along with the testing on the function and geometric aspects to ensure the efficiency of the machine. This study developed a meat shredder machine with 0.5 Hp electric motor and capacity of 2 kg per hour.

Determining Crispness Level of Dry Food through Its Compressive Strain Energy

Crispness is the most appealing characteristic of dry food products. However, the term crispness has different subjective meaning among consumers. This study aims to quantitatively measure the crispness of potato crisp by performing compression test on a single specimen, and analyzing the compressive behavior, i.e., compressive strain energy. The crispness of the specimens were differentiated by changing the moisture exposure durations, which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 hours, in a room and ambient condition. The measured load and displacement data were transformed into stress and strain curves. The strain energy for every 1% strain increment was calculated and investigated to determine the crispness. The crispness difference among specimens of 0, 3, and 6 hours groups was significantly perceived at 8% of strain. It was revealed that the 3 and 6 hours of room air exposure could decrease the crispness by 17% and 45%, respectively. This suggests the compressive strain energy at a certain strain can be an indicator of crispness. This experimental study is expected to evolve food engineering by proposing a simple yet precise crispness measurement method for dry food.

Random Forest-based Fingerprinting Technique for Device-free Indoor Localization System

The device-free indoor localization (DFIL) research is gaining attention due to the popularity of location-based service (LBS)-based advertisement. In DFIL, a user or an object does not need to bring any device to be localized. In this paper, we propose the Wi-Fi-based DFIL and the random forest algorithm for the fingerprint-based technique. The simple parameter commonly used in indoor localization is the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). We apply the fingerprint technique because of its reliability to handle the RSSI fluctuation and time-varying effect in a static indoor environment. We conducted an actual measurement campaign to observe the DFIL's implementation visibility. The DFIL system works by comparing the database fingerprint in an empty open office with the database in which a person is inside the measurement area without bringing any devices. Thus, we have the device-free RSSI database for fingerprint technique from both empty rooms and RSSI affected by a person inside the room. We validated the random forest algorithm results by comparing them with the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and artificial neural network (ANN). The results show that our proposed system's accuracy is better than kNN and ANN with a mean error of 0.63 m than kNN with 0.80 m and ANN with 1.01 m. Meanwhile, the precision of the random forest is 0.63 m, whereas kNN and ANN are 0.67 m and 0.80 m, showing that the random forest performed better. We concluded that our simple DFIL system is visible to apply with acceptable accuracy performance.

Understanding the Climate Behavior Through Data Interpretation: Java-Bali-Nusa Tenggara Case

As an archipelago country in the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate and often is subjected to monsoonal circulation. The geographical location affects Indonesia to have two seasons, which are the rainy season and drier season. Every season has its characteristic impacts against the mean temperature and rainfall rate. This research aims to analyze Indonesia’s mean temperature and rainfall rate data concerning its tropical climate. The areas observed are limited to Java, Bali, and Nusa Tenggara Island from January 2019 to December 2020. The data gathered from the official Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) website were processed using MATLAB, and Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the rainfall and temperature data. From the observation, this study discovered that the mean temperature data is stable throughout the areas but reaches maximum during the transition between rainy and drier seasons and minimum during the middle of the rainy season. The data observation is often fluctuated, even though showing less rain during the drier season and more during rainy seasons. The fluctuation is affected by the geographical fact that Indonesia has a large water surface, which makes evaporation easily induced by warm tropical temperatures.

An Application of Blended Palm Oil Waste in Brick Production

Cement brick is an essential construction component, which uses cement as the primary binder. The cement industry was identified as the major contributor to carbon dioxide emission, which is a greenhouse gas. The application of agro-industrial waste as partial cement replacement can reduce the negative impacts on the environment. In this study, the palm oil wastes, namely Palm Oil Clinker Powder (POCP) and Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA), were used as partial cement replacement. A total of 60 specimens were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement by POCP and POBA. The physical and mechanical properties of bricks, such as density, water absorption, voids, and compressive strength, were investigated. The results show that the brick with 20% CP and BA could be used as a severe weathering brick.

Analyzing Fast-ions Trajectories in a Nuclear Fusion Reactor through Its Poincaré-Island Size and Ripple Resonance

Fast-ions confinement is a prominent subject in developing nuclear fusion reactors due to its importance in sustaining the burning plasma and keeping energy production. However, confining them has proven to be difficult until now, and one of the reasons is that the inherent discrete magnetic field produces a magnetic ripple. A better understanding of fast-ions transport using appropriate numerical calculation tools needs to be developed to overcome such a challenge in the engineering aspect. This study revisited data collection of fast ion transport simulated under the ripple presence in a nuclear fusion device. The ion trajectories were followed using two orbit-following equation schemes, and the ripple-resonance island size in the Poincaré section was compared. The result showed that the island size obtained by each scheme was different when the particle resonates with a stronger ripple field and, proportionally, the diffusion coefficients are different. The physical meaning and consequence behind this discovery were discussed in this paper.

Redesigning Public Street Lighting Using Photometric Method

Street lighting with LED (Light-Emitting Diode) technology is currently the main option of public lighting in almost every country. Even though LED technology is a less costly selection, there needs to be well planned in an attempt of acquiring high efficiency. The photometric approach was tested in this study in order to redesign the existing approach used in street lighting in Indonesia. The redesigning process was carried out using software namely DIALux on two different schemes; one with homogeneous luminaire and the other one with the non-homogeneous luminaire. The results of this study showed that the most significant factors in redesigning street lighting covered types of the lamp, pole distance, pole height, and proper lighting angles which could affect the illumination value on both the main road and the sidewalks. In addition, it has also been proven that a homogeneous approach using LED lamp lighting promoted uniformity as well as optimum illumination.

Development and Accuracy Test of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printing using H-Bot Mechanism

Additive manufacturing process known as the 3D printing process is an advanced manufacturing process including one of the components to support industrial revolution 4.0. The initial development of a 3D printing machine at Sampoerna University is the background of this research. The 3D printing setup of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was built using H-bot moving mechanism by considering the rigidity aspect. The FDM printing method is selected due to its cost and reliability. In this early development, the brackets were custom made using a 3D printer with Polylactic Acid (PLA) material. The result showed that the software worked properly in accordance with the assembled mechanical and electrical parts. The 3D printer could print simple objects such as planes and cubes with small dimensions. However, the printing specimen still lacked accuracy caused by the less rigidity of linear rail brackets, less coplanar belt arrangement, and error in some electronic components.

Commercial Cloud Services for a Robust Mobile Application Backend Data Storage

Rapid advancements in the infrastructure of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have led to radically new but ubiquitous technology; cloud computing. Cloud computing has gracefully emerged offering services that possess on-demand scalability, huge computing power, and a utility-like availability, all at a relatively low cost. It has unsurprisingly become a paradigm shift in ICT, gaining adoptions in all forms of application i.e., personal, academic, business, or government. Not only for its cost-effectiveness but also for its inherent ability to meet business goals and provide strategic ICT resources. More recently there have been advances in cloud computing leading to the evolution of newer commercial cloud services, one of which is the Mobile backend as a Service (MBaaS). The MBaaS is important and required for a robust mobile application back-end data storage and management. Its wide adoption and importance stem from its ability to simplify application development and deployment. Also, MBaaS is robust, with the ability to cope with errors by providing nifty tools and other features. These enable rapid scaffolding of mobile applications. This paper reviews Mobile backend as a Service (MBaaS) and provides required background knowledge on some cloud services and their providers to enable stakeholders to make informed decisions and appropriate choices.

Effects of Adding Silica Fume and Empty Fruit Bunch to the Mix of Cement Brick

Silica fume (SF) and palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) are the by-products of the ferroalloy smelting industry and oil palm plantation, which require proper disposal to minimize the environmental impacts. To consume the by-products, the feasibility of utilizing SF and EFB to fabricate bricks was studied. Limited studies were adopting EFB as the natural fibres in bricks and its pro-portion barely exceeded 5%. With the enhancement of SF, EFB content in the mix could be increased. In this study, 336 specimens were produced in the cement-to-sand (c/s) ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:3, where SF replaced 10% to 15% cement in the mix by weight while EFB substituted 20% to 25% sand by volume. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density, and water absorption properties. SF was found to strengthen the mix, while EFB reduced the compressive strength and increased the water absorption capacity of the brick. Based on the evaluation results, the mix containing less than 10% SF and 20% EFB content was applicable for non-load-bearing brick.