IZAZOVI U IDENTIFICIRANJU RANJIVOSTI MIGRATNTICA NA JUŽNOJ GRANICI EUROPE: DOPRINOSI IZ BIOGRAFSKIH NARATIVA

In the 1980s, the Southern Frontier of Spain became one of the southern borders of the European Union after Spain entered into the European Economic Community (EEC). On the African continent, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla that border with Morocco are physically separated from Spain by the Mediterranean Sea. Those two cities became a privileged enclave for immigration control, but also for the detection of vulnerable conditions of the migrant population. This paper has a double objective: to describe the action research developed in the Center for the Temporary Residence of Immigrants in Ceuta and to analyze 49 biographical interviews with women residents of the Center within the framework of saidaction research. The results show the diversity of situations of vulnerability in which migrant women can find themselves in this border context. Hence, it is important to rethink the intervention to avoid secondary victimization within critical and humanistic models of intervention. This work, precisely, addresses the design of a tool for biographical narratives from the perspectives of integral health and care.

SKUPINE ČIMBENIKA I NJIHOV UTJECAJ NA VAŽNE ŽIVOTNE ODLUKE: BESKUĆNICI U PULI

GROUPS OF FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON IMPORTANT LIFE DECISIONS: THE HOMELESS IN PULA The socially unfavorable status of the homeless is still not sufficiently supported by risk-reduction measures of homelessness in Croatia, which indicates the need for additional research of aggravating factors and development of prevention measures. Based on a review of current knowledge about the homeless, two opposing approaches are observed: the homelessness as a result of a set of circumstances and the homelessness as one’s own choice. The approach used in this paper is a combination of the above and refers to the review of groups of influencing factors and their role in respondents’ decision-making that preceded the situation of homelessness. The aim of this paper is to set the theoretical basis for investigation of influential factors in the context of decision-making that preceded homelessness and to present the results of exploratory research based on the purposive sampling (users of the »Homeless Shelter of the Red Cross Pula«). The questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used for obtaining self-reported data based on respondents’ recollections of situations in which they made relevant socioeconomic decisions in their lives. The results indicate that the respondents’ homelessness situation was preceded by decision-making with a combination of at least three influential factors from different groups of aggravating influences. The observed regularities are the basis for further research. Key words: homelessness, influences on decision-making, individual factors, strudtural factors

STAVOVI PREMA OSOBAMA S POTEŠKOĆAMA MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA

ATTITUDES TOWARD PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH DIFFICULTIES The implementation of modern approaches that seek to deinstitutionalize traditional psychiatric services is hampered by unfavorable attitudes of the community towards people with mental disabilities. Stigma is one of the most important factors that delay seeking help and negatively affects the quality of life of people with mental health problems. The research was conducted to describe attitudes towards people with mental health problems and determine their relationship with socio-demographic variables, information, and personal experience with mental health problems. There were 108 participants aged 21 to 59 (71% female, 64.5% college and university degrees). The Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness scale (CAMI) (Taylor & Dear, 1981) and a survey questionnaire were used online. Participants have generally benevolent attitudes toward all dimensions of the scale. Higher self-assessment of knowledge about mental health problems leads to more favorable attitudes towards authoritarianism, and younger age to less social restraint. Participants with a high school diploma have more negative attitudes towards the dimensions of authoritarianism and benevolence than participants with a university degree. There are no significant differences in attitudes regarding the experience of seeking mental health support, but on the authoritarian dimension, there is a significant interaction effect of being informed and mental health support seeking. The results indicate the importance of further research into the relationship between attitudes and mental health support seeking and the level of being informed on mental health issues. Key words: mental health; mental health difficulties; attitudes; stigmatization

PRUŽANJE SOCIJALNIH USLUGA DJECI S TEŠKOĆAMA U RAZVOJU: ULOGA SOCIJALNOG RADNIKA ZAPOSLENOG U USTANOVI SOCIJALNE SKRBI

PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES TO CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL WORKER EMPLOYED IN A SOCIAL WELFARE INSTITUTION The aim of this paper is to present social worker’s job in social facility for children with developmental disabilities. The work of a social worker is described through its parts: work with users, work with user’s families, cooperation with various formal support providers, counselling, and finally social worker as a member of the professional team. These parts of the work are described and problematized. In the last part of this paper, the most common problems faced by social worker in his daily work are problematized. Key words: social work with families of children with developmental disabilities; social work in social facilities; social worker job description

SOCIJALNA ISKLJUČENOST DJECE RANE I PREDŠKOLSKE DOBI: KONCEPTUALIZACIJA, RIZICI I MODEL INTERVENCIJA

SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: CONCEPTUALIZATION, RISKS AND INTERVENTION MODEL This paper contains an analysis of the construct of social exclusion with special focus on children. It is based on a review of the literature on social exclusion and the risks of social exclusion, using a qualitative method of document analysis. Social exclusion of children in early and preschool age is defined as a multidimensional construct that includes economic, social, cultural, health and other aspects of unfavourable circumstances and deprivation which individually or in combination may have an adverse impact on child development. According to this definition, risks which can influence the children’s current development, health and quality of life, as well as their adult life, are analysed. The analysed risks include the characteristics of the children themselves, as well as their families and the characteristics of the support system for the child and parents. Based on the analysis of the risks of social exclusion of children of early and preschool age, a model of intervention was suggested, which takes into account a close cooperation of the healthcare system and the system of social care and education. Key words: social exclusion; children in early and preschool age; risks; model of interventions

EKONOMSKI I DRUŠTVENI TROŠKOVI OVISNOSTI O KOCKANJU U HRVATSKOJ – DRUGA STRANA MEDALJE

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COSTS OF GAMBLING ADDICTION IN CROATIA – THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MEDAL ABSTRACT Gambling, as a behavior primarily aimed at entertainment and leisure, is risky due to the potential development of harmful psychosocial consequences, i.e. the development of gambling addiction symptoms. These include the full range of health (physical and mental), social (family, friends, community), and economic (employment, finances, and crime) adverse consequences. The aim of this research is to calculate the economic and social costs of gambling addiction in the Republic of Croatia in order to provide science-based indicators to encourage positive regulatory changes that would ensure a balanced market between profitable and risky elements of the gambling industry. The research starts from the scientific research on the prevalence of gambling addiction in the adult Croatian population and the official data on revenues in the state budget from all gambling activities. Two of the most commonly used methodologies were used to calculate the social and economic costs: National Opinion Research Centre − NORC and Australian Productivity Commission − APC. The research uses original and strict criteria for the prevalence of gambling addiction. Regardless of the methodology used, the results show that the social costs of gambling addiction in Croatia account for between 34% and 77% of the total annual gambling revenue. Ljetopis socijalnog rada 2021., 28 (1), 37-70. 70 članci The results were interpreted in the context of general guidelines for improving the policy of responsible gambling, with the aim of reducing the likelihood of developing harmful psychosocial consequences in society. Key words: gambling; gambling addiction; economic costs; social costs; consequences

ISKUSTVO SUPERVIZANATA O NEOTKRIVANJU PODATAKA U SUPERVIZIJI PSIHOTERAPIJE

The present study examined the processes of supervisees’ non-disclosure in the supervision of psychotherapy. The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of non-disclosure by supervisees, the content of non-disclosure and the reasons for it. The study involved 50 supervisees (42 women and 8 men), with different professional developmental levels and belonging to various psychotherapeutic schools. Study participants completed the Questionnaire of Significant Aspects of Supervision after each of two consecutive supervision sessions. Half of the sessions were conducted in individual and half of the sessions in group settings. Altogether, 90 completed questionnaires were used in the study. Interviews were performed with ten of the supervisees.Data was coded according to principles of grounded theory (Corbin and Strauss, 2015). Our findings revealed that non-disclosure was present in 21% of the sessions. Supervisees conceal dissatisfaction with supervisors and their work, content related to the supervision group, information related to psychotherapeutic work, personal topics and topics related to wider professional activity. The reasons for non-disclosure were: not feeling safe enough in the supervisory relationship or the supervision group, concern for the supervisor, shame and self-criticism. These findings are significant both for the practice and for further research of supervision.

IZVORI PROFESIONALNOG STRESA I POTREBE U ZAŠTITI OD PROFESIONALNOG STRESA STRUČNIH RADNIKA CENTRA ZA SOCIJALNU SKRB ZAGREB

SOURCES OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS AND NEEDS IN PROTECTION FROM PROFESSIONAL STRESS OF SOCIAL WELFARE CENTRE ZAGREB PROFESSIONALS ABSTRACT Social Welfare Centre is a key institution in the social welfare system and professional helpers employed in it are daily exposed to professional stress. Although research practice dealing with professional stress and mental health of helpers started in the beginning of the 1990s, there is still a lack of qualitative research in this area. Therefore, a qualitative research study was conducted with the aim of describing the sources of professional stress and the needs in protection from professional stress of Social Welfare Centre Zagreb professionals. 11 focus groups were conducted, one for each branch of the Centre, and the total of 85 professionals employed by the Social Welfare Centre Zagreb participated in them. The results identified five sources of professional stress: characteristics of work with clients, working conditions, work organization, interdepartmental co-operation and co-operation with other branches, and co-operation with other institutions. Additionally, three areas of needs in protection from professional stress were identified: the need to improve material and technical working conditions, the need to improve material and safety position and the need for support. The research contributed to the identification of the sources of professional stress and pointed to the weakest links in the operation of social welfare centres on the example of the largest Croatian centre. Therefore, in order to better understand the stressful nature of the job and the needs of professionals employed in social welfare centres, the recommendation is to conduct more qualitative research studies in the future and to encourage usage of the results for positive changes in the practice. Key words: professional stress; social welfare centre; professional; working needs

PONAŠAJNE I SOCIO-EMOCIONALNE KOMPETENCIJE SREDNJOŠKOLACA: VALIDACIJA HRVATSKE INAČICE BERS-2 UPITNIKA

BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCIES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: A VALIDATION OF THE CROATIAN VERSION OF BERS-2 QUESTIONNAIRE The aim of the paper was to examine the Croatian translation of the BERS-2 questionnaire on the sample of mid-adolescents, examine its convergent validity and analyse gender differences in behavioural and socio-emotional competencies of adolescents. 849 respondents participated in the research (56% female adolescents). General data questionnaire, Croatian version of the BERS-2 questionnaire, emotional competence questionnaire and family satisfaction scale were used. The conducted factor analyses have shown that the original five-factor BERS-2 structure does not correspond to the data, so a four-factor structure with a reduced number of items in comparison with the original was proposed as an optimum solution. Thus formed results have shown satisfactory psychometric characteristics for four groups of competencies. A significant correlation between the results shown on the BERS-2 questionnaire and school achievement, family satisfaction and emotional competencies indicates the convergent validity of the Croatian translation of the BERS-2. In comparison with boys, girls have achieved significantly higher results on the measures of school functioning and interpersonal strengths, while the measures of interpersonal strengths and involvement with family were assessed similarly by boys and girls. The results were analysed in the context of the data on the original BERS-2 questionnaire, the data on the verification of its features in other research and with regard to the existing knowledge about behavioural and socio-emotional competencies of adolescents. The limitations of the conducted research, as well as the need for further validation of the BERS-2 questionnaire are presented in the final part of the paper. Key words: adolescents; BERS-2 questionnaire; socio-emotional competencies

KAKO ZAKONSKI REGULIRATI OBITELJSKU GRUPNU KONFERENCIJU U HRVATSKOJ?

HOW TO REGULATE THE FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCE IN CROATIA Taking into account the proclaimed aim of the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Demography, Family, Youth and Social Policy 2019 − 2021, namely, social empowerment and protection of families, children and young people through enhancing family protection and supporting families at risk as a preventive measure of institutionalisation, this paper seeks to discuss the question of how law and legal forms can be used to strengthen families at risk, activate their resources, create a family group network and plan to address family law conflicts of interest and problems. This is done through determining and analysing the procedure and principles of a family group conference, as an alternative to the administrative and/or judicial one in matters of family law and social protection of children and families. For the purpose of reflection and projection, de lege ferenda, on the family group conference in the field of (administrative and judicial) family law and social protection of family members in Croatia, the New Zealand family group conference model, as a starting point for the development of this procedure, and certain European comparative law systems and good practices (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway) are analysed and discussed in the paper. In particular, open questions about the »right« to the family group conference, the assessment and criteria for referring family members to the conference, including the fact of initiation of the court procedure or if the proceedings are already pending, as well as the legal force or effectiveness of the plans achieved in the family group conference will be discussed. Key words: family group conference; child, family; social welfare center; court