Journal of Training and Development
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Published By Nepal Journals Online

2392-4578, 2392-456x

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Jiwak Raj Bajracharya

The purpose of this study is to review the existing models and frameworks which has been implemented for technology integration during teaching and training. As discussed in the numerous literature Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SMAR), TPACK-based ID models such as TPACK-Comprehension, Observation of instruction, Practice of instruction, and Reflection on TPACK (TPACK-COPR) model, Introduce-TPACK, Demonstrate, Develop, Implement, Revise - a TPACK-based lesson, and Reflect on a TPACK-based lesson (TPACK-IDDIRR1) model, and TPACK-IDDIRR2 model have been applied by today’s instructors and trainers to achieve the specific goal for effective teaching and training. This paper intends to highlight the key features of the above-mentioned models and frameworks with few hurdles as found in the empirical-based studies. It also discusses how those hurdles could be mitigated by addressing the extraneous cognitive load of instructors as well as trainers to carry out technology integration with future recommendations for the research. It was found that specific frameworks and models are limited to the macro-level concept but today’s instructors, as well as trainers, are required to have adequate instructional guidance in chronological steps so that they could implement those models and frameworks in their teaching and training for productive outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Thakur Prasad Bhatta

With the increasing recognition of the need for skilled human resources in developing countries, the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) has been an important part of the education system. However, in spite of such a vital role of TVET, challenges exist in designing, planning and implementing it while governing effectively. Such context has raised the issue of governing TVET among educationists, policy makers and all stakeholders to achieve its intended goals. The TVET governing issue has been of serious concern to its stakeholders in Nepal with the introduction of the federal structure in 2015. Hence this paper aims to explore the governing issue of TVET in the context of federal governance of Nepal. For this, this paper employs qualitative research approach in analyzing policy and practice of TVET in Nepal. This paper explores that the process of governing TVET in Nepal has remained highly centralized in spite of rhetoric of decentralization as the main agenda of governing development over the decades. Arguably, there is a reluctant tendency in devolving TVET as per the new structure of federal governance. Instead, conflicts among three levels of governments – federal, provincial and local – are emerging in the case of TVET similar to other development sectors. Hence, for sustainable operation and management of TVET this paper argues that the policy and practice of the TVET need to be guided by the concept of multilevel governance with collaboration among the three levels of government as envisaged by the new federal constitution. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Rajendra Bahadur Shrestha

Engagement of employers in the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system is needed not only to increase the training capacity but to ensure the TVET is demand-driven, quality oriented, future focused and provides the economy with the skilled workers it needs. Employer engagement in TVET system covers a spectrum of cooperation and involves small participation to build the trust required to develop more robust long-term engagement strategies. Developing engagements with employer and employer’s associations at all levels of the training programmes life cycle facilitate the development of workable solutions for training-to-work transitions. The employer has a crucial role to play in the delivery of training programmes. Engagement of employer is an essential component of overall training programmes and leads to developing responsive labour market skill needs, supporting priority economic sectors, training design and development, training delivery and post training support to develop ongoing dialogue with employer and employer associations. The need to increase the engagement of employers in TVET programmes has been known for many years in the country, however, employer engagement in training delivery of TVET programme is under-explored in Nepal. This article addresses the existing situation, explores issues, and share some practicable initiations of employer engagement in the TVET programme.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Basanti Roshan Pradhan Shrestha

Issue 6, Volume 6 of the Journal of Training and Development has been published with the objectives of sharing the recent research findings in the field of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in research, training and development. This publication has a collection of valuable articles from TVET experts, scholars and educationalist. This training and development journals are considered to be valuable resources for the scholars, educationist and TVET experts and stakeholders. This issue consists of seven articles on different aspects of Training and Development. The first article by Jiwak Raj Bajrachrya examines the existing models and framework that has been used to integrate technology into Teaching and Training (2Ts). As described in numerous literatures, currently instructors use TPACK, SMAR, and TPACK-based ID models such as TPACK-COPR model, TPACK-IDDIRR1 model, and TPACK-IDDIRR2 model to achieve the specific goal of an effective 2Ts. He highlighted a few hurdles found in the empirical-based studies in the above-mentioned models and framework and how those hurdles could be alleviated by addressing an extraneous cognitive load of an instructors carrying out technology integration as well as future recommendations for research. The article by Rajendra Bahadur Shrestha highlights the current situation, discovers issues, and share some feasible initiations of employer engagement in the TVET programme. The involvement of employer in TVET system is important to ensure the TVET is demand-driven, quality oriented, future focused and provides skills workers who contributes to the economy’s growth. It also assists to develop responsive labour market skill needs, training design and development, training delivery and post training support. Employer involvement in TVET programs has long been a priority in many nations, however in Nepal, employer involvement in training delivery of TVET programme is under-explored. The article by Thakur Prasad Bhatta aims to explore the governing issue of TVET in the framework of Nepal’s federal government. He focuses on qualitative research approach in scrutinizing policy and practice of TVET in Nepal. This paper explores how the process of governing TVET in Nepal has remained highly centralized despite the rhetoric of decentralization as the main agenda of regulating development over the decades. Arguably, there is a reluctant tendency in devolving TVET as per the new structure of federal governance. Instead, like in other development sectors, disputes between the three levels of government – federal, provincial, and local – are emerging in the case of TVET. He concludes the paper by drawing insights on the federal form of TVET governance. The article by Dr. Prakash C. Bhattarai, Durga Prasad Baral and Prakash Kumar Paudel focus on establishing a TVET fund and sketches the possible alternative approaches with a reformed TVET structure. The literature review focuses on international practices of implementing TVET fund. In addition, the authors have collected opinions from TVET stakeholders on the establishment of a TVET fund in Nepal and based on the findings, they have proposed five possible models for TVET fund mechanism in Nepal. They revealed that all the models have their strengths and challenges, so it would be rational to adopt the idea of strengthening an existing structure rather than attempting to make it stand alone. Its effective implementation requires strong research and innovation, an effective implementing body and an independent quality assurance and accreditation system. The instructors of TECS schools and their perspectives of profession is discussed by Bikash Ghaju, and   Dr. Prakash C. Bhattarai. The authors focused to comprehend the experience of TECS instructors on their teaching profession. The narrative inquiry approach was utilized to study the cases in-depth for which four instructors from the Diploma in Civil Engineering program of two TECSs were purposively selected. The paper concludes that while instructors are interested in the teaching profession which assists in career growth but they are unwilling to work at remote TECS schools due to limited career advancement and earning opportunities. Mobile technology has brought about innovative changes in all aspects of life, including interpersonal communication, the economics, and teaching and learning.. Shesha Kanta Pangeni discusses the use of android mobile in education institute of Nepal. His paper is based on the persistence of encouraging the Mobile App for e-learning, which subsidizes access to  e-learning resources and prompt communication for learning activities. He collected data through online survey, informal interaction and interview. He discovered that although the facilitators rarely used Mobile App, students used the Mobile App and they wanted the updated version with more user-friendly interface. He summarized that the responsibilities of institutions and facilitators are critical in creating and providing mobile-friendly learning options, and that the success of App use is dependent on facilitators' active role in technology learning facilitation.  Devendra Adhikari explores the life experiences of workers in the construction-sector during and after the COVID-pandemic. He implements a qualitative approach under the socio-constructionism paradigm and selected three participants from different sectors masonry, house-painting, and plumbing for in-depth interviews. He discovers that the COVID-pandemic has brought new resilient strategies in the lives of the construction workers such as maintaining high concern for personal safety and the well-being of their families and exploring employment opportunities of the construction sector. Finally, the editorial team wishes to convey their profound gratitude to all of the authors who have contributed by sharing their relevant and significant creations. We would also like to express gratitude to the reviewers and TITI management team for their continuous support in publishing this journal. The team would also like to welcome articles from TVET experts, trainers and stakeholders in the field of training, development and research. We are also grateful to Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL) for providing their professionals support and encouragement to publish this journal online. Last but not least, we are thankful to the publisher for the publication of the print version of this journal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Shesha Kanta Pangeni

Integration of mobile technologies into training and instruction for learning facilitation is important these days. It is because the users of the mobile devices are increasing as enablers of the learning opportunity anywhere all the times. In addition, learners like to get information, learning resources and activities on their palms via mobile devices. In this context, this paper reports lessons from action research about the use of customized android mobile application at a teacher education institution in Nepal. The research started with the purpose of promoting the use of Mobile App for e-learning that contributes to improving access to e-learning resources and instant communication for course activities. Online survey, informal interaction and interview were used to collect data. Activity theory has been influential to analyse the use of Mobile App for the learning facilitation. The research shows that the course facilitators rarely used Mobile App, instead they liked using web browsers in their large computer screen. However, students used the Mobile App and they wanted the updated version with user-friendly interface. Main lesson from the research is that the roles of institution and facilitators are important to create and provide mobile friendly options of learning facilitation where students themselves can explore in the internet, learn, and use available applications and tools required for their learning. Training institutions can introduce mobile application to bring about a change in the ways of training methods and pedagogical practices with technological interventions. Trainers can consider mobile apps for techno-friendly instructional experiences. Also, learners can access mobile apps for training resources and other learning to enhance their knowledge and skill.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Bikash Ghaju ◽  
Prakash C. Bhattarai

Technical Education in Community School (TECS) is considered pertinent for the socio-economic transformation, particularly in a developing country like Nepal. Instructors of these schools are the key persons who transform curriculum into practice, however, their profession in their perspectives was hardly studied. With this consideration, this study was carried out to understand the experience of TECS instructors on their teaching profession. To attain this research objective, four instructors from the Diploma in Civil Engineering program of two TECSs were purposively selected, and a narrative inquiry approach was utilized to study the cases in-depth. The result showed that the instructors were interested in teaching in TECS; however, they were not ready to go to TECSs of remote villages. For them, the village settings lacked source for extra earning opportunities and career growth prospects. They were motivated to teach in Diploma in Civil Engineering as they could apply their prior knowledge and skills. At the same time, theoretical knowledge gained from their teaching in TECSs had been helpful for their engineering profession as well.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Devendra Adhikari

The COVID-pandemic has hit hard on Nepali's economy and the lives of construction- sector workers. The purpose of this research is to explore the life experiences of construction-sector workers during and post COVID-pandemic. This research adopts a qualitative approach under the socio-constructionism paradigm. Data gathered from in-depth interviews with three participants in the sectors of masonry, house-painting, and plumbing have been used for making out the meaning of the research. The findings of this research reveal that the COVID-pandemic has brought new resilient strategies in the lives of the construction workers such as keeping high concern on personal safety, family’s well-being and exploring employment opportunities through informal networks. Living with the COVID has become possible due to the resiliency and social capital of the workers. This research is helpful to TVET practitioners and academicians to understand the survival strategies of the construction sector workers and plan TVET programs accordingly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Prakash C. Bhattarai ◽  
Durga Prasad Baral ◽  
Prakash Kumar Paudel

In the last few decades, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) expanded significantly in Nepal. However, the actors of TVET are uncoordinated and are implementing programmes with fragmented governance. The international experience shows TVET fund is one of the approaches to coordinate fragmented TVET stakeholders and enhance the quality of TVET. In absence of such an integrated TVET fund in Nepal, this paper urges for establishing TVET fund and sketches the possible approaches with reformed TVET structure. For this, first, we reviewed the literature particularly the perceived international practices of implementing TVET fund. Further, we arranged an interaction with TVET stakeholders and collected their views on the establishment of the TVET fund in Nepal. Based on findings of the research, the paper provides five possible models for establishing TVET fund mechanism in Nepal. All the models have their strengths and challenges, so it would be rational to adopt the idea of strengthening existing structure rather than making it stand alone. For this, a developing strong research and innovation, effective implementing body, and independent quality assurance and accreditation system is equally important for its effective implementation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Durga Prasad Baral

The dominant category of the labour forces of Nepal are the workers from the informal sectors where basically informal skills learning occurs during the work.  However, informal skills learning is not only limited to informal sector jobs.  It can take place in all types of organizations, enterprises, and institutions of both formal and informal sectors.  It is estimated that more than eighty percent of workers in Nepal acquire their occupational skills during their work.  However, it is not evident what are the typologies of working places of those informal skills learners.  Taking a qualitative approach of inquiry, this paper analyses the existing legal frameworks and literature from domestic cultural practices.   Based on this analysis, it presents a typology of informal skills learning places in Nepal developed mainly considering the points prescribed by Bailey (1994).  It is claimed that the typology provides a sound conceptual basis for the identification of main categories and sub-categories of informal skills learning places in Nepal.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Narbikram Thapa

The study aims to assess the performance of paravets towards veterinary extension services in Nepal. The participatory methods like questionnaire survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, direct field observation, force field analysis and score ranking was adopted during the study. The quality of the Private Paravets was sound in terms of relevance, appropriateness, targeting, and sustainability issues. Project activities associated with Private Paravets promotion were observed appropriate and in line with the needs of farmers. The concerned private paravets were found to be working effectively for institutional, social and economic transformation of the beneficiaries. Large majority of the Paravets have been providing veterinary service on technical advice, curative services (98 %), AI (87 %) and vaccination (75%) against hemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter diseases in the cattle and buffaloes. There has been increased access to veterinary extension services in the rural farming communities because of increased accessibility to Paravets. In the study areas 89 %paravets have annual turnover of Rs less than 2 lacsto3-5lacs in their fee based private veterinary services. Overwhelming majority of the Paravets had future plan to expand their business. Of the total 96 % Paravets expressed job satisfaction for their current veterinary private practices despite some problems. The private paravets seems to be instrumental and sustainable to provide services towards veterinary and livestock production technology in the study areas. However, there is room for improvements to make it economically viable, technically sound, legally regulated and developing professional ethics as Paravets practices in Nepal.      


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