scholarly journals Developing a Typology of Informal Skills Learning Places in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Durga Prasad Baral
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

The dominant category of the labour forces of Nepal are the workers from the informal sectors where basically informal skills learning occurs during the work.  However, informal skills learning is not only limited to informal sector jobs.  It can take place in all types of organizations, enterprises, and institutions of both formal and informal sectors.  It is estimated that more than eighty percent of workers in Nepal acquire their occupational skills during their work.  However, it is not evident what are the typologies of working places of those informal skills learners.  Taking a qualitative approach of inquiry, this paper analyses the existing legal frameworks and literature from domestic cultural practices.   Based on this analysis, it presents a typology of informal skills learning places in Nepal developed mainly considering the points prescribed by Bailey (1994).  It is claimed that the typology provides a sound conceptual basis for the identification of main categories and sub-categories of informal skills learning places in Nepal.

Enacting meaning-in-use: qualitative research on norms and international relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTJE WIENER
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Evaluation Technique

AbstractThis article proposes a framework for empirical research on contested meaning of norms in international politics. The goal is to identify a design for empirical research to examine associative connotations of norms that come to the fore when norms are contested in situations of governance beyond-the-state and especially in crises. If cultural practices shape experience and expectations, they need to be identified and made ‘account-able’ based on empirical research. To that end, the proposed qualitative approach centres on individually enacted meaning-in-use. The framework comprises norm-types, conditions of contestation, types of divergence and opposition-deriving as a specific interview evaluation technique. Section one situates the problem of contestation in the field of constructivist research on norms. Section two introduces distinctive conditions of contestation and types of norms. Section three details the methodology of conducting and evaluating interviews and presents the technique of opposition-deriving with a view to reconstructing the structure of meaning-in-use. Section four concludes with an outlook to follow-up research.

Informal Economies of the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 310-328
Author(s):  
Fatou Guèye ◽  
Ahmadou Aly Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors ◽  
Formal Business

Sahelian countries, while sharing many features of other Sub-Saharan African economies, face some unique economic challenges, which merit particular scrutiny, notably: a sizable demographic bulge, being landlocked, a lower income per head, and a higher poverty incidence. The picture is further darkened by critical governance weaknesses, political instability, and radical Islamist threats, which, as discussed in other chapters in this volume, have caused serious security challenges within, and across, national borders. All these factors have contributed to a downsizing of the formal business environment and an expansion of the informal sector. This chapter assesses the relative weights of the formal and informal sectors in Sahelian national economies, its growth dynamics, as well as employment and productivity patterns. It also examines the implications of the rise of the informal sector for institutions and governance, social inclusion, and stability.

scholarly journals Mark of the Spirit: Body Marks as Icons of Spirituality among the Dangme in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Alice Korkor Ebeheakey ◽  
Steve Kquofi ◽  
Eric Appau Asante ◽  
Charlotte Buerkie Nubuor
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The Will

In African traditional religion, priding oneself in the beliefs and practices of one’s culture is intensely essential. The driving force for this is mainly the need to satisfy the will of a higher power. Cultural practices, being a channel between the living, the dead and the spirits is one of the ways in which a group of people satisfy the will of these higher beings. Body marking, among the Dangme, forms a great deal of aspects of cultural practices which connotes spirituality. This study discusses the concept of spirituality as enshrined in the body marks of the Dangme people of Ghana. To obtain the relevant information needed, the qualitative approach to research has been adopted using interviews and observation as the main data collection tools. These give a rich and in-depth understanding of the body marks that are practiced for spiritual purposes among the Dangme. This paper is a collation of findings from studies conducted between February, 2012 and February, 2019. It is evident from the research that, marks for spiritual purposes seemed to be practiced irrespective of the clan individuals hail from. These marks are seen as methods (or modes) of maintaining direct contact and proving allegiance to the spirits that protect them as a people.

scholarly journals Understanding the Choices of Terms of Address: A Sociolinguistic Study of Malay Cultural Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Nor Shahila Mansor ◽  
Normaliza Abd Rahim ◽  
Roslina Mamat ◽  
Hazlina Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Address Terms

This paper investigates the choices of second person terms of address in the Malay culture. It examines the different patterns of address terms used in a range of communicative situations by interlocutors coming from diverse social backgrounds. The data for this study was obtained from two Malay dramas Ijab & Qabul (The solemnization of marriage) and Tiga Hari Menanti Mati (Three Days Until Death). These dramas were selected because they reflect in the usage of terms of address in an authentic social context of the Malay culture and represent various interpersonal relationships in a range of situations. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Forty-eight different second person terms of address were recorded and analysed in specific contexts based on the framework for classifying address terms established by Kroger, Wood and Kim (1984). The findings suggest that sociolinguistic elements such as interlocutors, contexts, determinants of interpersonal relationship, and intentions were determining factors influencing the choice of second person terms of address in the Malay culture. These findings have implications on the understanding of current trends in choosing the terms of address among Malay speakers.

scholarly journals INFORMAL BUSINESS TOURISM IN CAMEROON

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1298
Author(s):  
Tembi Maloney TICHAAWA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
African Context ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors ◽  
Business Travellers ◽  
Local Farmers

The uniqueness of business tourism in the African context is argued to be an amalgam of several clusters of activities manifested in both the formal and informal sectors. In this study, business tourism in the global south, with a specific focus on the informal sector in Cameroon is analysed. Using data that was collected from a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with three hundred and seventy-seven business travellers, the study reveals that informal business tourism includes domestic business travellers classified into five distinctive categories: (1) informal salespeople (2) shopowners (3) herdsmen (4) local farmers and (5) wholesalers. The study concludes that informal business tourism represents an important sector that contributes to tourism development and if well harnessed, its multiplier effect could be widespread amongst the different economic sectors of Cameroon.

Empirical Investigation of Formal and Informal Sectors in Waste Recycling of the Municipal Waste Management System of Developing Countries: The Case Study of Lagos State

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipupo Salau ◽  
Lalita Sen ◽  
Samuel Osho ◽  
Oluwatoyin Adejonwo-Osho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Municipalities in metropolitan cities of developing countries often find it difficult to cope with the onerous task of providing waste services to their citizens due to financial constraints and poor infrastructure.  In most of these cities, waste collection services are grossly inadequate as less than half the population is served with regular and efficient waste services.  However, the shortcomings of the formal waste management system are compensated by the activities of the informal sector engaged in waste collection and make significant contributions to the MWMS through material recovery and waste recycling. In view of this, the study focuses on the roles of the formal and informal sector in municipal waste management with regards to their impacts on the recycling rate of Lagos State. In this study, we measured and compared the recycling rates between the formal and informal sectors to determine their impacts on the recycling rates of Lagos State. The study relies on primary field data, site visits and observations backed by secondary sources to investigate the range of informal sector activities in comparison to the formal sector. The findings indicate that, while both sub-sectors play significant roles in the MWMS, the informal recycling activities contribute more to the recycling rate of Lagos state than the formal sector.

Class Differentiation and the Informal Sector in Amman, Jordan

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Miles Doan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Single Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Studies of economic activities among the urban poor in various parts of the world have found more variation in the so-called informal sector than they had expected. The urban poor had typically been thought of as a kind of “reserve army” for the formal sector, an underclass at the margins of survival. Even early work that recognized the links between the formal and informal sectors lumped them together as a single class that ranked below all the others. The tendency to regard workers in the informal sector as members of an underclass masked the tremendous variations among them and between informal sectors in different places.

scholarly journals Women's Capacity Building of Informal Sector Workers in Rural Areas (Case of "Boiled Corn Seller" In Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Eka Yana Kansil ◽  
Nana Sumarna ◽  
Rimba Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Labor Training

The number of women local workers in the informal sector increases. Most of the women are those who live and work in poverty. One of the informal jobs is seller of corn on the cob, which is known as Boiled Corn Seller (BCS) women. The study is a case study with qualitative approach. These BCS women sell their corn along the provincial axis road in Pondidaha Sub-district of Konawe District, Indonesia. The data collection techniques used were observation methods, indepth interviews, and FGDs. The results showed that (1) BCS women still had access to capital resources, production facilities and labor, but faced difficulties in production equipment, labor, training and money; (2) the processing, marketing and distribution of corn on the cob were dominated by BCS women; and (3) the conceptual model planned for capacity building was a local food diversification program.

scholarly journals Wage Difference Between Formal Sector and Informal Sector Jobs; With Special Reference to the Labour Market in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Bharatha Prabath Parakrama Badullahewage ◽  
Shohani Upeksha Badullahewage
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

It is globally understood that wage-based employment structure and wages are a central aspects of the labour force at work. The informal sector is ranging to a broader concept that is difficult to define. The formal–informal wage gap is crucial to understand labour market informality, especially in developing countries with the large informal sectors. The basic model is taken from Mincer (1974), and the study is primarily based on secondary data. The new dummy variable of Job_type and an interactive term were incorporated into the Mincer earning function to analyse wage differences between formal sector and informal sector jobs. The study concludes that there is a wage gap between the a formal and informal sector. Moreover, if a person engages in formal sector job with good education qualification and good working experience, he will be entitled for a higher wage rate. Policies that promote education and equal opportunities for workers in both formal and informal sectors would improve earnings for many workers by increasing productivity and incomes.

scholarly journals Determinants of Informal Employment and Wage Differential in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Resham Bahadur Thapa Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Wage discrimination in formal and informal sectors is one of the pressing issues that might perpetuate uneven livelihood options and human capital formation at household level. This paper analyzes on what determines whether a person works in informal sector. It also gauzes the degree of wage discrimination in formal and informal sectors in Nepal using country representative labor force survey based cross-section data produced by ILO in 2008. It is found that the gender, geography, educational status, marital status, age of the employee and ethnicity of the employee definitely matter whether an individual works in informal or formal sector. These variables need to be considered while formulating social security policies. Since the wages for relatively educated workers are significantly low in informal sector than formal one, it demands a suitable policy intervention to check probable working poverty in Nepal.The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, pp. 37-50, 2014

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