A CLOSER LOOK ON DISCOURSE ANALYSIS BY USING SPEECH ACT THEORY AND HALLIDAYAN COHESION

This paper will describe and look out what actually speech act theory and Hallidayan cohesion in order to analyze a discourse. Here, the main point that we want to analyze is the spoken discourse. We will open up what happens if we use speech act theory to analyze a discourse and what will happen if we use Hallidayan cohesion in order to analyze a discourse. We will know which one of these are the best or suitable to apply while analyzing a discourse. Is it speech act theory or Hallidayan cohesion? Then, in conclusion, we will also know why speech act theory is the best approach to analyze a discourse, especially spoken discourse.

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ QUESTIONING STRATEGIES IN ELT (ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING) THE CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT ELEVENTH GRADE SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 UNISMUH MAKASSAR

This research deals with teacher questions in senior high school English classroom. The study was conducted to answers three of problem statement. The study was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 UNISMUH Makassar with the descriptive qualitative method. The study was carried out by observing, interview and taking video recordings of 1 English teacher and 15 students. The researcher takes 2 class in one meeting consist of 90 minutes each class. The result showed that procedural (13%), display (74%) and referential (13%) questions were found in the type of teacher questioning strategies used. However, the reason why teacher used the types of the question is according to the function of the question type. Then the effect of the question to the students based on 6 questions that researcher asked. 60% students agree with the Q1 and 40% disagree. For the Q2 100% students agree with the question that researcher ask and also the Q3 100% students agree with the question. While for Q4 60% students agree and 40% of them disagree. 40% agree and 60% disagree to Q5 and 80% agree and 20% disagree for the Q6.

SOME FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

This paper study explains about some fundamental theories of Critical Discourse Analysis such as focus on dominance relations by elite groups and institutions as they are being ordained and the overt sociopolitical stance of discourse analysis. Context social structure: Situations of discursive interaction are similarly part or constitutive of social structure; for example, a press conference may be a typical repetition of organizations and media institutions. That is, “local” and more “global” contexts are closely related, and both exercise constraints on discourse. Personal and social cognition: Language users as social actors have both personal and social cognition: personal memories, knowledge and opinions, as well as those shared with members of the group or culture as a whole. Both types of cognition influence interaction 006 and discourse of individual members, whereas shared “social representations” govern the collective actions of a group.

AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF PUNCTUATION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT SECOND GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 1 MAKASSAR

The research was aimed to find out the kinds of errors in the use of punctuation in narrative text at second grade of SMA Negeri 1 Makassar. The research focused on five punctuation, they are full stop, comma, question mark, exclamation point, and quotation mark. The method of this research was descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this research took 36 students from 4 classes, it used random sampling technique. The researcher used narrative text as instrument. From the result, there are some kinds of errors students made, they are Misordering, omission, and addition of punctuation. Omission of full stop was dominant error made by students that is 19.22%. In writing, punctuation is very important because it can make reader understand the meaning of writing.

THE INFLUENCE OF TOP-DOWN STRATEGY (TDS) ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION

This research aimed to find out the influence of Top-Down Strategy (TDS) on students reading comprehension that focus on level of literal and interpretative of comprehension. The researcher applied pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test. The sample of this research was class XI MIA 2 of SMA Negeri 10 GOWA which consisted of 30 students. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling method. The result of the research were the mean score of pretest in Literal (main Idea) score of pretest was 58.6 and post-test was 86.56. In sequence of detail the score of pretest was 56.4 and post-test was 92.6 with t-test value Literal is greater than t-table (13.26 > 2.45). Mean score of intrepretative in pretest was 63.63 and post-test was 82 with the t-test value is greater that t-table (8.34 >2.45). The result of calculating t-test of the indicators in the students’-test (Literal and Interpretative) was greater than t-table 21.60 > 2.45. it means that there was significance different between before and after giving the treatment. Based on explanation above we concluded that using Top-Down Strategy is influence and improve students reading comprehension especially in literal and interpretative levels.

SOCIAL MEDIA THEORIES IN CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (CDA)

Social Media can be conceptualized as an emerging frontier where new forms of social relations expand at the junction of human collective communicative and technology of information. Discussion about CDA place in critical information systems (IS) research, With an example of a CDA study, applied to social media this discussion service to inform IS researchers of a decent option for theory building in social media.

BRIDGING DA AND ETHNOMETHODOLOGICALLY DA

The aims of this paper try to discuss and present various theoretical perspectives of discursive phenomena, in specific the different research techniques widely known as, as well as the theories. Having presented the main assumptions of the approach the paper, then discusses and analyze discursive interactions’ phenomena, technologically mediated interaction or face-to-face. By concentrating on the pragmatic aspects of discourse, an ethnomethodologically approach of discourse analysis, this paper may contribute important ideas and information in media interaction studies.

Learning Strategies Used By The Students Of English Department Of Tarbiyah Faculty At STAIN Palopo

The objectives of this research were: (1) to find out of the six learning strategies, which learning strategies applied by high achievers of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at STAIN Palopo; (2) to find out the most frequently strategies used by the students of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at STAIN Palopo; (3) to find out differences between high achievers and low achievers in their learning strategies. In analyzing the data, the researcher applied quantitative method. The subject was the sixth semester students of English Department STAIN Palopo. This research used questionaire SILL as instrument. The result of the research showed that (1) the strategies applied by high achievers in memory strategy was “review English lessons”. In the cognitive strategies applied “trying to talk like native speakers‟. In the compensation strategies “using synonym in case they couldn’t think of a word”. The high achievers always or almost always used all metacognitive strategy. They applied “try to find how to be a better learner”. In affective strategy “talk to someone else about how I feel‟. In social strategy applied “ask others to speak slowly or repeat” if they do not understand something in second language. (2) Metacognitive strategies is the most frequently strategy used by sixth semester students of English Department of STAIN Palopo with mean 3.3755. (3) There is a significant different in using language learning strategies between high achievers and low achievers. The highest frequently used by high achievers is metacognitive strategies and the lowest frequently used is memory strategies. Meanwhile, the highest frequently used by low achievers is affective strategies and the lowest frequently used is memory strategies.

THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY WITH (ICARE) MODEL

The research aimed at finding out the improvement of students’ speaking ability by using Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection, Extend (ICARE) Model at Class VIII.B in MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar. The method of this research was Classroom Action Research that consisted of two cycles. One cycle consisted of four meeting. It means that there were eight meeting in two cycles. This classroom action research was done at MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar for English subject. As subject in this research was Class VIII.B in Junior High School in 2012-2013 Academic Years with student’s number as about 29 students. Those consist of 29 women. Instruments are speaking test and observation sheet. The findings of this research were the improvement of the students’ speaking ability in terms of speaking accuracy and speaking fluency in which the mean score of diagnostic test was 5.17, the mean score of cycle I was 6.06 and the mean score of cycle II was 7.21. The result above indicated that there was significant improvement of the students’ speaking ability in terms of speaking accuracy and speaking fluency in the application of form Introductioon, Connection, Application, Reflection, Extend (ICARE) Model at class VIII.B in MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar.

A Classroom Action Research in SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Makassar: The effect of Simulation Technique in Speaking Accuracy

This research aimed to observe and know the improvement of students’ speaking skill at the second grade Exact students of SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Makassar which amount 22 students, that covers in accuracy and fluency through Simulation Technique in Classroom Action Research (CAR).To know the students’ improvement achievement, the researcher used Diagnostic test, test cycle II, and test cycle II. Before implementing test cycle I and cycle II, the researcher applied action to the students through two cycles, which covers four meetings for each cycle.Cycle I test result had showed the improvement in the students speaking skill in the comparison with the diagnostic test, that is 3.5 (3.4 for accuracy and 3.6 for fluency) in the diagnostic test but that improvement is still not complete the standard score which is 6.5, so that the researcher continued to apply cycle II. And in the test cycle II finally the students showed the improvement significantly which is 7 for accuracy. That result proved that Simulation Technique could improve the students’ speaking skill at the second grade exact students of SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Makassar.Heaton, J. B. 1975. Writing English Language Test. New York: Longman Inc.Heaton, J. B. 1988. Writing English Language Test. New York: Longman Inc.