The effect of maker and entrepreneurial education on self-efficacy and creativity

Makerspaces and the availability of digital maker tools offer opportunities to create with their hands. Makerspaces and making have increasingly found their ways into institutions of formal and informal education but have yet not been explored in entrepreneurship education. Maker education holds the premise that learners work in a self-regulated and interdisciplinary way and develop a mind-set that enhances their self-organisation and self-efficacy. In the context of a European project, an educational programme, which combined maker and entrepreneurial education for fostering entrepreneurial thinking, skills and attitudes, was developed. This paper aims to understand and evaluate the direct effect of this maker educational programme on the development of non-cognitive (entrepreneurial) skills and attitudes, i.e. in relation to self-efficacy and creativity, as core elements of an “entrepreneurial spirit”. A creativity drawing test as well as a self-efficacy questionnaire were used to evaluate the maker educational programme and to measure individual effects on study participants. The analysis of the results shows a positive effect at the individual level in both creativity and self-efficacy when taking age and gender differences into account. A better understanding of the relationship between age as well as location specific settings and the resulting benefits in creativity and self-efficacy would be a worthwhile follow up research.

Entrepreneurship education in Indonesian higher education: mapping literature from the Country’s perspective

Entrepreneurship education has become an important and fast-growing research area contributing to understanding and acknowledging global and national trends and developing future educational policies and actions. From the country’s perspective, the development of entrepreneurship education in Indonesia is relatively recent. This circumstance is reflected by the minimal amount of research in English language articles published in prominent journals, the uneven provision programs, and the lack of modern practices in teaching and learning entrepreneurship in higher education across the country. Due to those rationales, this study aims to serve as an initial proposition by mapping some current states concerning Indonesian entrepreneurship education programs’ provision, its common learning practices within the higher education context, and its relation to students’ entrepreneurial competencies, characteristics, and Indonesian entrepreneurs’ issues on entrepreneurship education. By using mapping literature methodology, this study has identified and analyzed 31 articles concerning Indonesian entrepreneurship in higher education, searched through electronic database and international and national universities publications for the last ten-year period (2010–2019). The results showed that major entrepreneurship education program provisions and implementation of contemporary entrepreneurship course contents and teaching methods in Indonesia are centralized in Java Island—Indonesia. Another notable finding is mentoring, the most recent and emerging entrepreneurial type in Indonesia to support more students’ learning engagement and independence, or education through entrepreneurship. The study’s findings could inform the Indonesian government, educators, researchers, and educational policymakers concerning the current circumstances of Indonesian entrepreneurship education and how to improve them in the future.

Reinventing social entrepreneurship leadership in the COVID-19 era: engaging with the new normal

In countries across the world, the COVID-19 global health crisis is one of the biggest challenges humanity has faced in recent times. There have been economic, social, political and cultural challenges in all parts of society. Drastic measures have had to be put in place, with many countries injecting extra investment into the health sector and generating support for people who cannot work due to the lockdown rules that have been implemented. The coronavirus pandemic has forced institutions to rethink how the government state functions. Various institutions, from charities and non-government organizations, to the public/private sectors, are the driving forces in tackling this pandemic. Social entrepreneurship is seen as a shining light to public policymakers in these new times, as social entrepreneurship is considered a greater innovator for solutions. The focus of this paper is to critically explore the importance of social entrepreneurial leadership in this new COVID-19 era. In this paper, the authors argue for a rethinking of the connections between social entrepreneurship and leadership and management.