Prediction of Dielectric Constants of (Cyclic Ketone- 1,4-Butanediol) Binary Systems

In order to predict the permittivity and excess permittivity data of binary systems containing cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone) and 1,4-butanediols, various mixing rules were used [1,2]. The permittivity increment, , was also evaluated in this research using the predicted data. x1 and x2 are the mole fractions of the components 1 and 2, and are the permittivities of the pure components. As shown in Fig. 1, the experimental permittivity values for three systems containing 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD) and two cyclic ketones were estimated by several mixing rules. Typically, for cyclohexanone and 1,4-butanediol mixtures, the predicted excess permittivity data were compared and shown in Fig. 2. As it can be seen from Table 1, the Lichteneker-Rother model shows the lower root mean square deviation (rmsd) value, which indicates that the Lichteneker-Rother model presents the best result between the predictive models.

An Overview of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage Process as a Negative Emission Technology

Projections of the pathways that reduce carbon emission to the levels consistent with limiting global average temperature increases to 1.5°C or 2°C above پاره-p990industrial levels often require negative emission technologies like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), it involves the conversion of biomass to energy, producing CO2 which is sequestered, transported and then permanently stored in a suitable geological formation. The potential of BECCS to remove CO2 from the atmosphere makes it an attractive approach to help achieving the ambitious global warming targets of COP 21. BECCS has a range of variables such as the type of biomass resource, the conversion technology, the CO2 capture process used and storage options. Each of the pathways to connect these options has its own environmental, economic and social impacts. This study gives an overview of Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for the purpose of carbon mitigation while the challenges associated with using biomaterial was assessed, such as land use, water consumption and its economic constraints. The more certain way forward to underpin BECCS deployment, is to ensure that there is strong social support and integrated policy schemes that recognize, support and reward negative emission, for without negative emissions delivered through BECCS and perhaps other technologies, there is little prospect of the global targets agreed to at Paris, being met.

Investigation of Waste in Livestock and Poultry Industry and Methods to Improve Feed Conversion Ratio in it

Poultry farming has become a lucrative industry to produce a reasonably priced protein food source. But studies show that the most waste in this industry is food waste that appears at an undesirable conversion ratio. In the present study, technical, technological and managerial factors affecting these wastes have been investigated. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical research methods were used. The results showed that among the three factors studied, technical factors include high poultry capacity, lack of official activity license, not using feed and chopped berries; Technological factors include preparing food from one source, especially from informal sources, improper use of the entrance disinfection pond and hygrometer in the halls, using the window in the combined hall ventilation system, incorrect use of the hall disinfection technologies; Finally, managerial factors include a long interval between two hatcheries (leading to fewer hatches per year), an increase in the number of chicks in a rearing period, an early delivery of chickens to the slaughterhouse, and ignorance of managers. The standard of feed waste, excessive feeding and improper distribution of feed in the hall, have affected the high feed conversion ratio. Suggested solutions to reduce food waste are presented in this article.

A Review on the Effect of Natural Antioxidants (Extracts and Nano Extracts) on the Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils

One of the major problems facing the food industry is the oxidation of fats and oils, which results in the formation of free radicals. Free radicals cause diseases such as cancer, premature aging and atherosclerosis, and in addition to endangering consumer health, they reduce the nutritional and digestive value of foods. One of the most effective ways to delay lipid oxidation is the use of antioxidants. Natural antioxidants, such as herbal extracts, are an abundant and remarkable source of polyphenolic compounds that have high antioxidant capacity and can be a good alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food system. Since plant extracts are highly active compounds, they may lose their beneficial effects due to exposure to oxygen or nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods to protect them in order to achieve the highest antioxidant activity. So, using nano-encapsulation these problems will be partially solved. This paper will review the oxidative of vegetable oils and ways to combat them.

Hydroxyapatite/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic, Thermodynamic Study for Removal of Cr (III)

In the present work nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) composite was synthesized. The n-HApCMC composite was tested for the adsorption of Chromium from aqueous solution and compared its removal capacity with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp). Equilibrium data were fitted well in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The thermodynamic analysis also established that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous.