DIFFERENTIATION IN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR SKILLS OF YOUNGER SCHOOL-AGE STUDENTS

Growth and development are indicators of good health, as well as a mirror of quality nutrition and quality of life. By monitoring growth and development, the relationship between motor abilities and morphological characteristics is recognized. The period of younger school age is characterized by strong growth and development of all anthropological dimensions, especially morphological and motor ones, which differ significantly in children, concerning adults. This transversal research aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities between lower primary school students. The research was conducted on a sample of 1233 girls, I - IV grades of primary schools from the area of the City of Tuzla. The sample of variables consisted of a set of 10 tests to assess certain anthropological dimensions (5 morphological and 5 motors), appropriate to the age of the study population. Univariate analysis of variance with multiple comparisons was used to determine the differences in the studied spaces between students of different grades, with the applied post hock Bonferroni test. The obtained results showed that there are statistically significant differences in all applied variables (morphological and motor). between treated groups at the level of significance (p≤0.05). The results of the research draw attention to the importance of early stimulation of morphological-motor development and a healthy lifestyle in female students, which are characterized by regular physical activity and a healthy diet. Optimal levels of motor skills, well-developed fundamental motor skills and a healthy body structure are of great importance for health, quality of life-related to health and overall well-being of younger school-age students.

THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE MEDIATOR IN THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON EMPOWERMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SPORT ORGANIZATIONS’ EMPLOYEES

The present study aims to investigate the role of organizational culture mediator in the effect of knowledge management on empowerment and organizational entrepreneurship in sport organizations’ employees. Statistics population includes all employees of Esfahan’s sport boards that was selected 234 people according to Kerjcie and Morgan table as sample; but for insuring the results of data analyzing and suitable popularization, 300 questionnaires were distributed and collected 274 acceptable questionnaire. The instruments used to collect the data include Lawson (knowledge management standard questionnaire; Spritzer organizational entrepreneurship standard questionnaire; Rezaie empowerment standard questionnaire; and Robbins organizational culture standard questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that knowledge management has positive significant effects on empowerment (0.39), organizational culture (0.78), and organizational entrepreneurship (0.18) in employees of Esfahan’s sport boards. Also in the indirect way, knowledge management variable on employee’s empowerment according to organizational culture mediator with 0.50 coefficient, and knowledge management variable on organizational entrepreneurship according to organizational culture mediator with 0.73 coefficient has positive significant effects. Keywords Knowledge Management, Organizational Culture, Organizational Entrepreneurship, Empowerment, Sport Organizations Employees.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL ABILITIES IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

This research aims to determine the relationship between morphological characteristics and abilities in volleyball players. It was conducted on the territory of Vojvodina autonomous province on a sample of 27 male volleyball players with an average age of 17.48 ± 0.50 years and an average sports experience of 6.33 ± 2.83 years. A test battery consisting of five variables for measuring morphological characteristics and twelve tests of abilities was applied: flexibility, speed, agility, endurance, static and explosive power. The normality of the data distribution was controlled by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the connection between morphological characteristics and abilities was calculated by the Spearman ro correlation coefficient. The limit value for testing the normality of distribution of p> 0.05 was not met by: body mass index (p = 0.01), straddle in supine position (p = 0.03), single leg counter movement jump with the left leg (p = 0.01) and Yo-Yo Intermittent endurance test level 2 (p = 0.02). The connection of morphological characteristics with explosive power tests is especially noticeable, the most significant is the range of arms span with continuous jump with bent legs (ro = 0.75), single leg counter movement jump with the right leg (ro = 0.74) and Counter movement jump (ro = 0.63). The main finding in this study is that morphological characteristics are mostly negatively correlated with the explosive power of volleyball players. It is known that these characteristics and abilities have a significant share in the model of the ideal volleyball player and therefore their negative connections, the approach to the selection of volleyball and volleyball training must be based on scientific knowledge. Key words: measurement, testing, diagnostics, test batteries, volleyball

DIFFERENCES OF SITUATIONAL AND MOTOR ABILITIES IN DEFENSE AT THE WORLD JUNIOR HANDBALL CHAMPIONSHIP

The research was conducted in order to determine the differences in situational-motor abilities in the defense of men's junior national teams at the 2013 World Handball Championship. Situational - motor abilities in the defense of the national team of Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to the national teams of Croatia, France, Sweden and Spain were analyzed. The following variables were used to determine differences in defense: SKODEKUK / PR - total - average number of jumps in defense of the whole team, SKODUK / PR1 - total - average number of jumps in defense first player of defense, SKODUK / PR2 - total - average number of jumps in defense second defensive player, SKODUK / PR3 - total - average number of defensive jumps third defensive player, SKODUK / PR4 - total - average number of defensive jumps fourth defensive player, SKODUK / PR5 - total - average number of defensive jumps fifth defensive player and SKODUK / PR6 - total - average number of jumps in the sixth defense player. To determine the partial quantitative differences of variables, which measure the total and average number of attempts to perform an element in the area of situational - motor abilities in defense, we used the mean difference of mean (hereinafter MD), which calculated the average values of selected variables. The average values of variables for the assessment of situational - motor abilities in defense were also calculated. The variable SKODUK / PR4 - total - average number of jumps in the defense of the fourth player shows a statistically significant negative difference in the jumps in the defense of the fourth player between the fourth player in the defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the fourth player in the defense of Croatia and Sweden. In the variable SKODUK / PR6 - total - average number of jumps in the defense of the sixth defense player, a statistically significant negative difference can be seen between the sixth player in the defense of the national team of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the sixth player in the defense of Sweden. Key words: handball, juniors, World Championship, defense, situational - motor abilities

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS OF PROFESSORS PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT WITH THE ICT PROCESS IN THE CORONAVIRUS CONDITIONS (STUDY SAMPLE IN THE FACULTIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCIENCES OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF IRAN)

Background & aim: Educational organizations of the country need changes in empowerment activities of their human resources in accordance with the growth of information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to Investigating the relationship between the components of professor' psychological empowerment with the ICT process in the coronavirus conditions in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences of Islamic Azad University of Iran. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method and the statistical population is 86 that creates physical education in Islamic Azad University. Standard questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed by K-S tests and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Manova and stepwise using SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the correlation between cognitive competence and psychological empowerment was 0.271, functional competence and cognitive empowerment was 0.267, emotional competence and psychological empowerment was 0.063, general skill and psychological empowerment was 0.194 and specialized skill was psychological empowerment. Is 0.201. Statistical results showed that there is a significant relationship between ICT and psychological empowerment in physical education professor (0.001). Conclusion: According to the study findings, information and communication technology can play an important role in sports professor’ empowerment and the use of empowerment training classes are essential to rehabilitate educational centers. Keywords: Functional competence, specialized skills, general skills, empowerment, professors

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CORONAVIRUS: SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS FOR ATHLETES

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and a subset of coronaviruses that range from the common cold virus to the cause of more serious illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. So far, however, seven human-transmitted coronaviruses have been discovered, the latest of which, the new coronavirus, spread to humans in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is observed that coronavirus disease due to unknown psychological consequences such as anxiety, stress, self-illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder, coronary phobia and finally depression and social isolation, which in addition to physical and physical injuries, causes serious psychological damage. Provided for members of the community; By focusing on the idea of positivity (resilience, hope, optimism, self-efficacy) and strengthening selfmanagement behaviors, as well as managing negative emotions such as fear, stress, anxiety, sadness, anger and depression to strengthen the immune system and We can go to war with the Corona virus and be sure to defeat it. Applying this method (positivity and focusing on good angles) at all levels of prevention and treatment of patients with physical diseases, including coronary heart disease, seems necessary. Keywords: Psychological consequences, Coronavirus, Suggested solutions

A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR RELIABLE MEASUREMENT WITH FAMILIARIZATION TRIALS

An accurate and reliable measurement is important in exercise science. The measurement tends to be less reliable when subjects are not professional athletes or are unfamiliar with a given task. These subjects need familiarization trials, but determination of the number of familiarization trials is challenging because it may be individual-specific and task-specific. Some participants may be eliminated because their results deviate from arbitrary ad hoc rules. We treat these challenges as a statistical problem, and we propose model-averaging to measure a subject’s familiarized performance without fixing the number of familiarization trials in advance. The method of model-averaging accounts for the uncertainty associated with the number of familiarization trials that a subject needs. Simulations show that model-averaging is useful when the familiarization phase is long or when the familiarization occurs at a fast rate relative to the amount of noise in the data. An applet is provided on the internet with a very brief User’s Guide included in the appendix to this article. Keywords: Familiarization; reliability; accuracy; model-averaging; Akaike Information Criterion

TRANSITION OFFENSE IN TOP-LEVEL EUROPEAN BASKETBALL

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the use of transition pick and roll/pop and transition post-up maneuvers in two top teams from the EuroLeague basketball (first placed and ninth placed teams in the 2019/2020 season). Methods. The sample of respondents consisted of 56 EuroLeague basketball games played by teams Anadolu Efes Istanbul (28) and Zalgiris Kaunas (28), the ANA team and the ZALAG team respectively. Variables for estimating transition offenses were collected during EuroLeague senior basketball matches. A total of 16 variables (Toff_tot, TP&R/P_tot, TP&R/P_suc, TP&R/P_uns, %suc P&R/P, %uns P&R/P, TP_up_tot, TP_up_suc, P_up_uns, %suc P_up, %uns_ P_up, TO, % TO, Toff_point, TP&R/P_point; and Tpup_point) were assessed to estimate transitional offenses in teams that use early pick and post-up maneuvers in their performance. Results. Findings showed statistically significant differences between two analyzed teams in variables as described further in the text. The ANA team performed less TP & R/P_tot offenses per game then the ZALG team. Also, when it comes to the total number of transition post-up situations, the ANA performed less of these then the ZALG per game. At the end, the ANA team lost on average less balls than the ZALG team per game in the Transition offense. Conclusions. Obtained differences that occurred between two analyzed basketball teams cannot fully explain placement of the teams in the table. The main difference comes from the philosophy of the coach and the very concept of the team or individual quality of the players. Key words: top European basketball transition offense, transition pick & roll/pop, transition post-up

FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF FEMALE CADET HANDBALL PLAYERS

The aim of this research was to determine the constitution and the latent structures on the sample of 124 female handball players, age 13.72 (SD = 5.16). The measuring instruments of this transversal research included the set of 12 anthropometric variables (Mišigoj-Duraković, 1995). The descriptive methods with the statistical significance of p ≤ .05, as well as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), along with the Guttman-Kaiser Criterion for reducing the number of main components using the oblimin rotation of variables were used in the data processing. The obtained results revealed the existence of the relevant four-factor hierarchical model, with 71,44% of the explained variance. The first most informative latent dimension was interpreted as the factor of longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton (explained 37.02% of the variability), the second was subcutaneous fat (20.25% of the variability), the third is was body mass and volume (7.86% of the variability), and the forth was transversal dimensionality of the skeleton (6.31% of the explained variability). The factorial findings confirmed the hypothetical morphological structure of the extracted mutual factors of the participants, which is in accordance with the results of other researches. This study revealed practical implications and methodological limitations of this empirical research, and thus included recommendations for future research. Key words: Morphological characteristics / younger female cadets / exploratory factor analysis / handball.

THE IMPACT OF CERTAIN ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS ON THE REALIZATION OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN KARATE ATHLETES

The research was conducted on 37 senior karate athletes’ seniors, males, at the age of 18 to 30, competitors of international rank. They are potential members of the Kosovo national team. Two test batteries were used on the sample of the respondents: 5 anthropometric variables as a predictor system and 13 basic motor variables as a criterion system. From previous studies it can be concluded that the longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton and motor abilities, in particular, speed, explosive force, as well as coordination of movement play an important role in karate sport, especially for the competitors who participate in the discipline kumite. The research was conducted in order to determine the impact of the predictor system of variables on the success of the realization of the criterion variables. By applying Linear Regression Analysis, the connection of the predictors with certain motor tests was determined, i.e. their prediction was determined. Key words: Karate, Anthropometric, Motor.