The time for National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program

In Egypt, there are no current screening or surveillance guidelines for CRC, and most of the individual screening is scarcely done. Consequently, many cases of CRC are diagnosed in a late stage. Hence, we are in a real and urgent need to formulate Egyptian guidelines that suites our population, our physicians and compel with our limited health resources. These guidelines if formulated and implemented will help to detect early stages of CRC, reduce the cancer-related treatment expenses, and will improve the prognosis.

Is it time now to stop searching for other tumor markers for HCC apart from alpha-fetoprotein?

It’s a dilemma; does AFP still a standard marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC or do we need another marker? Until now, no other tumor marker showed promising results in comparison to alpha-fetoprotein.

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease that develops most of the time on diseases liver. Early diagnosis and management are the best options for the patients, so screening programs are mandatory for those who are at risk of the development of HCC. Despite the challenge of management of HCC, there is hopeful management for HCC as the field of primary liver cancer has moved quickly

Obstacles Facing Medical Students in the developing Countries as Scientific Researchers

Objective and design: A review to summarize some obstacles facing medical students in developing countries as scientific researchers, we aimed to highlight some obstacles that face medical students as researchers and find some solutions to them. conclusions: Undergraduate research has a wide range of benefits. It acquaints students with the field of study and piques their interest in learning more. Students' perspectives may be useful and contribute to science. Unfortunately, there are numerous obstacles that undergraduates must overcome to complete a research project

Early complications in adult liver transplant recipients at the Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, South Africa

Background Deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) is the transplant modality performed routinely in adults at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre (WDGMC). Infection, graft dysfunction, surgical and medical complications are common in the early post-transplant period, accounting for early morbidity and mortality. Objectives To provide a descriptive analysis of all complications in the first 30 days post DDLT. To investigate associations between recipient demographic data, comorbid diabetes, MELD score, and subsequent complications. Methods A retrospective review of adult DDLT recipients for the first 30 days post-transplant performed at WDGMC for the period January 2015 - December 2016. Fischer’s exact test was used to assess relationships between demographic data and infectious complications, whilst an independent sample t-test was used for non-infectious complications. Results Seventy-eight DDLT were performed, with 6 (8%) mortalities in the first 30 days. The median age was 54 years; 54% were male. In total, 24 recipients (31%) developed infectious complications. Sixteen patients (67% of the infectious cohort) had intra-abdominal sepsis, 6 (25%) developed lower respiratory tract infections, 6 (25%) skin and soft tissue infections, and 3 (13%) urinary tract infections. Of all infectious complications, 7 patients (29%) developed bacteremia. Non-infectious complications developed in 55 patients (71%) of which renal complications were more common (67%). No significant association between age, gender, ascites, diabetes mellitus, MELD score, and any complications was found. Conclusion Non-infectious complications were more prominent than infectious complications in the first 30 days post-DDLT in adult recipients, with no significant association between recipient demographic data, comorbid diabetes, CMV status, and MELD score. Keywords: Early complications, liver transplant recipients, Deceased donor liver transplantation, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

Early complications in adult liver transplant recipients at the Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, South Africa

Background Deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) is a transplant modality performed routinely in adults at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre (WDGMC). Infection, graft dysfunction, surgical and medical complications are common in the early post-transplant period, accounting for early morbidity and mortality. Objectives Provide a descriptive analysis of all complications in the first 30 days post DDLT. To investigate associations between recipient demographic data, comorbid diabetes, MELD score, and subsequent complications. Methods A retrospective review of adult DDLT recipients for the first 30 days post-transplant was performed at WDGMC for the period January 2015 - December 2016. Fischer’s exact test was used to assess relationships between demographic data and infectious complications, whilst an independent sample t-test was used for non-infectious complications. Results Seventy-eight DDLTs were performed, with 6 (8%) mortalities in the first 30 days. The median age was 54 years; 54% were male. In total, 24 recipients (31%) developed infectious complications. Sixteen patients (67% of the infectious cohort) had intra-abdominal sepsis, 6 (25%) developed lower respiratory tract infections, 6 (25%) skin and soft tissue infections, and 3 (13%) urinary tract infections. Of all infectious complications, 7 patients (29%) developed bacteremia. Non-infectious complications were developed in 55 patients (71%) of which renal complications were more common (67%). No significant association between age, gender, ascites, diabetes mellitus, MELD score, and any complications was found. Conclusion Non-infectious complications were more prominent than infectious complications in the first 30 days post-DDLT in adult recipients, with no significant association between recipient demographic data, comorbid diabetes, CMV status, and MELD score.

Colorectal cancer screening: a minireview

Background: Colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide, especially in young populations. Objective: In this minireview, we discussed the different methods used in the screening of colorectal cancer in the general population. Conclusions: screening of colorectal cancer by different methods is an effective way to diagnose colorectal cancer in the early stages. Keywords: screening, colorectal cancer, minireview

Unexpected diagnosis in a patient with a liver mass: A case report

Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease. It is characterized by granulomatous formation. The liver is the second most common site of involvement after the lung. Sarcoidosis of the liver is usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases can present with jaundice, itching, elevated liver enzymes, and in rare situations, the development of portal hypertension. We, at this moment, submit a case of liver sarcoidosis in a patient with liver cirrhosis that presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper digestive endoscopy revealed gastric varices. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed a liver mass that was suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no nay cause of gastric varix in this patient apart from hepatic sarcoidosis (portal hypertension). Treatment of the patient with corticosteroids leads to the complete disappearance of the liver mass. Despite the high incidence of HCC in Egypt due to the high prevalence of HCV infection, it is crucial to search for the rare causes of hepatic masses. Keywords: liver mass; sarcoidosis, gastric varix