Antioxidants for human health

Antioxidants are chemical or biochemical substances that are capable to prevent or slow damages occurred to cells caused by free radicals. Free radicals are the chemical entities that are produced due to sharing of unpaired electrons and are with free existence but unstable in nature. Organism’s body produces free radicals as a reaction to environmental and other internal and external stressors. If not neutralized, free radicals can damage cellular architecture by oxidizing all bio-molecules. They are neutralized by antioxidants which are chemicals or biological in origin. Therefore, free radicals and antioxidants are simultaneously and widely discussed in the clinical and nutritional literature. Cellular or endogenous antioxidant defenses includes enzymes (superoxide dismutases, H2O2-removing enzymes such as catalase, and peroxidasses), and non-enzymes such as vitamin C (ascorbic acids, vitamin E and reduced glutathione. Diet-derived antioxidants are important in maintaining health. Many dietary compounds have been suggested to be important antioxidants: Therefore recent interest on dietary vitamins E and C, carotenoids and plant pigments, plant phenolics, especially flavonoids are growing to mauanitn human health. Experimental approaches to the optimization of antioxidant nutrient intake are already known and must be adapted for health management.

Changes in The Temporomandibular Joint after Occlusal Deprogramming

Common signs and symptoms of TMD include masticatory muscle pain, TMJ sounds, limited mouth opening, and deviations in mandibular movements. Treatment generally involves some combination of occlusal splints, physiotherapy, relaxation therapy, pharmacological intervention, arthroscopic surgery, education, and behavioural counselling. One randomized controlled trial indicated that an occlusal deprogramming splint is more effective than other methods in treating TMD, although another study produced contradictory results. Measurements of the radiographic joint space a radiolucent area between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone were introduced by Ricketts to describe condylar position. The clinical significance of condyle-fossa relationships in the TMJ is controversial, but several studies have suggested an association between eccentric condylar position and TMD. This chapter describes key changes in the condyle-fossa relationship after the use of an occlusal deprogramming splint in patients with TMD.

Enamel hypoplasia in left maxillary permanent central incisor in a 8 year old female – A case report

Quantitative or qualitative defect in the synthesis of enamel is termed as enamel hypoplasia, clinically seen as depressions or grooves on the surface due to layer reduction. Pathognomonic features include symmetric manner and ring like defects. Early detection of theses lesions would prevent further breakdown in enamel and thus providing better outcome in terms of esthetics and function. The complexity of the treatment procedures to be reduced before the lesions multiply and attain severity, thereby reducing the morbidity associated with the disease. In this scientific article, we highlight a clinical condition of enamel hypopaisa in relation to left maxillary central incisor 21 in a 9 year old female. The condition was managed in conservative manner of tooth colored restoraion thereby restoring esthetics and function.

Cardiac disease: Current approaches to gene therapy

Background: Last decade over the world, the cardiac disease becomes a leading cause of death. Gene-based therapies become a promising treatment for patients affected by cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI), arteriosclerosis, heart failure and so on, but also underline the require for reproducible results in preclinical and clinical studies for efficacy and safety. Aim: This book chapter describes the current research prospect of gene therapy for cardiac disease. We focus on the various models to deliver genes using viral, non-viral vector, delivery methods, targets gene, recent clinical trials, inherited cardiomyopathies target genes and Present advances of CRISPR/Cas 9 for cardiovascular gene therapy. We recapitulate some challenges that require being overcome, future directions of gene therapies for cardiac disease. Materials and Methods: All required information regards Lef-7 was generated by exploring the internet search engine like as (PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, CNKI, ACS, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Baidu Scholar) and libraries. Results: In this book chapter, we focus on the present prospect of gene targets, gene delivery methods, and efficient vector to deliver gene, targets gene, recent clinical trials, inherited cardiomyopathies target genes and present advances of CRISPR/Cas 9 technology for the treatment of cardiac disease using gene therapy. Recent clinical trials require modifying vectors and gene delivery approaches to achieve effective results for cardiac gene therapy. Conclusion: In this book chapter, we integrate a historical perspective with recent advances that will likely affect clinical development in this research area.

Brain and Behaviour: Quantitative Analysis among Youth Men using Mobile EEG System

The present article explores the relationship between the EEG rhythms' oscillations and the personality traits in a group of young males (soccer players and sport students). EEG was recorded by a single-channel wireless EEG system in the prefrontal cortex. Personality traits were identified in accordance with Eysenck's personality questionnaire. The regression model was used to analyse the EEG rhythms as possible predictors for Eysenck's personality traits. The findings of the study highlighted two slow rhythms that can be considered as predictors for personality traits, specifically: delta wave – for extraversion with negative slope, which could be related to mood, and theta wave – for neuroticism with negative slope, which could be related to inhibition. Those EEG patterns could condition preference for certain behavioural strategies in accordance with type of temperament. In addition, for two EEG high-frequency rhythms, association was revealed with personality traits: for beta rhythm as a hypothetical predictor for neuroticism, and for gamma rhythm – for lie. The statistically significant relationship between the slow bands with neuroticism and extraversion indicate to influences of the emotion-generating and reticular brain structures. In conclusion, the prefrontal cortex's background EEG activity can reflect preference of certain behavioural strategies, which are formed in accordance with individual type of temperament. This implies that study further examined probability association between the higher frequency bands (beta and gamma) and personality traits, which would be achieved in future researches. In addition, the data derived from a single-channel wireless system equipment demonstrated results, which is close to EEG recorded by conventional lab-based equipment.

Predictors of Glycemic Control in a Multiethnic Public Clinic Population

To assess correlates of glycemic control in a multiethnic federally qualified health center population. Deidentifed data from a federally qualified health center were examined for patients in diabetes treatment. New variables were created to assess illness burden. Bivariate testing was done to assess treatment compliance by language group. Multinomial regression models assessed three outcomes: uncontrolled, controlled and well controlled glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c). The conceptual framework for this study was Andersen’s Health Care Utilization Model. The sample was 1,581 patients. The average was 56. Eighty Five percent of the patients had well controlled or controlled Hba1c. Mandarin speakers were the most likely to have Hba1c controlled despite having the highest average age. Immigrant English speakers had worse glycemic control then their monolingual counterparts. All Asian subgroups had better glycemic control than Hispanics and African Americans. In the final model, the correlates of glycemic control were illness burden, time spent with a provider and health promoting activities. English speaking Hispanics and African Americans continue to have worse glycemic control regardless of having access to care.

Nanotechnological advances of Lipid film based biosensors for the rapid detection of biological compounds and toxicants

The exploration of lipid membranes for the construction of nanobiosensors has recently provided the opportunity to construct devices to monitor a wide range of compounds of biological interest. Nanobiosensor miniaturization using nanotechnological tools has given novel ways to attach a wide range of “receptors” in the lipid membrane. The lipids used to construct a lipid film based device are dipalmiloylphosphatidylcholine {DPPC} and in some cases dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA) which is an anionic lipid and is used to increase the sensitivity of detection. Most common “receptors” used in lipid film biosensors are enzymes such as urease, cholesterol oxidase, urecase, etc, antibodies such as D-dimer antibody and artificial or natural receptors such as saxitoxin, cholera toxin, calyx[4]arene phospjoryl receptor, etc. This chapter reviews and investigates the construction of nanobiosensors based on lipid membranes that are used to monitor various toxicants. It also exploits examples of applications with an emphasis on novel devices, new nanobiosensing techniques and nanotechnology-based transduction schemes. The compounds that can be detected are insecticides, toxins, hormones, dioxins, etc.