Pengaruh Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica, Val.) terhadap Bakteri Usus secara in vitro

The use of turmeric rhizome to treat diarrhea is written in the original Indonesian medicinal manuscript. Diarrhea disease is still a public health problem in Indonesia, because of its high morbidity and mortality. The morbidity survey conducted by Indonesian Ministry of Health shows an increasing incidence trend. One of the causes of diarrhea is an uncontrolled increase in the number of intestinal bacteria and infection by intestinal pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to determine the effect of the turmeric rhizome preparation process, both traditionally and by extraction method by maceration and soxhletation on antibacterial activity, especially intestinal bacteria, so that it can be applied by the traditional medicine industry as well as traditional herbal medicine sellers (“jamu gendong”). The research method used was to test the antibacterial activity of fresh turmeric juice, pre-dried turmeric juice, turmeric extract by maceration using 95% ethanol, and turmeric extract by soxhletation at 100°C using 95% ethanol. The intestinal bacteria used in this study were Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterolitica, Vibrio nonagglutinable, and Shigella flexneri. The results of this study indicate that the treatment process using the traditional method, both fresh turmeric juice and pre-dried turmeric juice, does not show any antibacterial activity. Turmeric extract by maceration showed antibacterial activity against all bacterias and the greatest against Vibrio nonagglutinable bacteria. Turmeric extract by soxhletation showed antibacterial activity against all bacterias and the greatest against Vibrio nonagglutinable bacteria. The conclusion of this study is that the most appropriate method used to process turmeric rhizome as a medicine for diarrhea caused by bacteria is the extraction method by maceration or soxhletation. The greatest antibacterial effect is against the Vibrio nonagglutinable bacteria.

Studi Formulasi Hand Body Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Kunyit (Curcuma domestica val.)

Damage to the skin will seriously affect human health and appearance, so the skin needs to be protected and maintained in good health. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Which contains antioxidants can be processed into a product and used to solve the problems of people who live in tropical climates, such as problems with the skin due to frequent exposure to sunlight and causing free radicals. It is hoped that the development and processing of kunyit in Indonesia will increase, given that this product has many benefits and advantages in terms of health and economic value. The research method used was Curcuma Rhizoma simplicia extraction, Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion formulation, Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion hedonic test, and Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion Moisture Test. Based on the results of the organoleptic observation test, the formulation has a distinctive smell of turmeric, thick and yellow in color. In the favorite test of the Kunyit Extract Hand Body lotion, 75% of the panelists liked the color, 65% of the panelists liked the aroma, 66% of the panelists liked the texture, and 69% of the panelists liked the non-sticky impression. The percentage of humidity obtained from the panelists on average was 77% and it was included in the very humid category

Efek Neuroprotektif Fraksi Air Daun Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) secara In Vitro

Background: Estrogen deficiency can trigger several diseases, one of which is neurodegenerative. Neurodegenerative begins with neuroinflammation, which triggers the activation of microglia cells resulting in a pro-inflammatory activity. Potential and relatively safe therapy to use to overcome it is by using phytoestrogen compounds. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant that contains phytoestrogens. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the neuroprotective effect of the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves which was shown by inhibition of neuroinflammation and marked by increased levels of MHC II against HMC3 microglia cells. Methods: IFN-γ is induced into HMC3 microglia cells for 24 hours to cause inflammatory conditions. Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves water fraction was given at a dose of 62,5; 125; and 250 µg / ml. Analysis of the neuroprotective effect of HMC3 microglia cells using the ICC method with the aid of the CLSM instrument. Results: The results of this study indicate that the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves can reduce MHC II expression at concentrations of 125 and 250 μg / ml with values ​​of 465,748 and 460,884 AU at p<0,005. Conclusion: This study concludes that the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. has neuroprotective activity shown at doses of 125 and 250 μg/ml which can reduce MHC II expression in HMC3 microglia cells induced by IFN-γ. The ED50 value which has a neuroprotective effect is at a dose of 0,582 μg/ml.

Preparation and Characterization of Ethanol Extract of Spons Xestospongia sp.

Background: Xestospongia sp. is a species of the Demospongiae class that can be used as a medicinal substance. Xestospongia sp is known to have various activities such as anticancer, antibiotic, anti-fungal, cardiotonic, and antimalarial. One of the ways to make the formulation of natural ingredients is the phytosome vesicle technique. This method can be used to increase the penetration of compounds through cell membranes, increase their absorption and increase its bioavailability in the body. Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum phytosome composition in the ethanol extract of Xestospongia sp. and phosphatidylcholine with approprite vesicle characteristics. Methods: The preparation was carried out by varying the extract and phosphatidylcholine with a thin layer hydration method at a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 2:2 and and phytosome characterization was carried out in each of these formulas to obtain the optimal formula. Results: In this study, the optimum phytosome formula has met the criteria based on morphological test parameters using an optical microscope obtained by spherical morphology, stability of physical appearance observations stored at 2oC-8oC ± 1oC temperature, pH measurement using a pH meter obtained a pH value of 4.20, and particle size determination using the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) obtained a particle size of 180.6 nm and particle distribution value (IP) of 0.133. Conclusion: Composition of the optimum phytosome formula in the ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1: 1 with the LUV phytosome category (Large Unilamellar Vesicle)

Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antiseptik dari Bahan Alam Kulit Jeruk Nipis, Daun Sirih dan Tanaman Bundung terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albican

The use of antiseptics is highly recommended when there is a disease epidemic, even like the current Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic, because it can slow the spread of the disease or break the chain of disease spread. The sheath made of lipids is easily damaged by fatty solvents (soap, detergent, alcohol> 60%, chloroform, ether), making the covid-19 virus unable to infect and reproduce. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to inhibit or kill Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican bacteria from a combination of betel leaf (Piper betle L) plant extracts, lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) and bundung plants (Actinuscirpus grossus) from the formulation F20% w/v, F30% w/v, 40% w/v and 50% w/v. The research method was experimental by making test formulations with concentrations of F1 20%, F2 30%, F3 40% and F4 50% and tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican bacteria with the disk diffusion method. The results showed that all test formulations had inhibitory power against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albican and were very strong at 50% formulations, while the antiseptic activity in the formulations was 40%.

Uji Aktivitas Daya Hambat Antimikroba Produk Antiseptik Hand Sanitizer dan Sabun Cair terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Washing hands is the first step to avoid various germs that cause infectious diseases, but this step is often ignored or overlooked. The use of hand sanitizer antiseptics and liquid soap is recommended early to avoid various types of germs that cause infectious diseases. Liquid soap can make viruses and bacteria unable to infect and reproduce. Because fat or lipids are damaged by detergents. Apart from antiseptic soap, hand sanitizers can disinfect and clean hands without soap. Hand sanitizers contain antibacterial ingredients such as triclosan or other antimicrobial agents which can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the hands such as Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the effectiveness test of washing hands using antiseptic soap, running water, and hand sanitizer. In this study, the method used was the disc diffusion technique and the zone of inhibition was determined. This study uses 5 kinds of hand sanitizers that already have a distribution permit and negative control in the form of oil carriers. And the antimicrobial inhibition test was carried out with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Of the five hand sanitizer samples, there is an inhibition zone, namely in the sample HS code 1 (70% alcohol and castor oil) and HS 5 (70% alcohol), where the diameter of the inhibition zone is 1.8 mm and 4.3 mm. This shows that the response to growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is very weak. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antibacterial activity of locally produced liquid soap and hand sanitizer is very weak in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.