Innovative Technologies for Value-Added Substance/Energy Recovery From Wastewaters

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

Download Full-text

Recent Approaches for the Production of High Value-Added Biofuels from Gelatinous Wastewater

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164936 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4936

Author(s):

Ahmed Tawfik ◽

Shou-Qing Ni ◽

Hanem. M. Awad ◽

Sherif Ismail ◽

Vinay Kumar Tyagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Value Added ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Factors Affecting

Gelatin production is the most industry polluting process where huge amounts of raw organic materials and chemicals (HCl, NaOH, Ca2+) are utilized in the manufacturing accompanied by voluminous quantities of end-pipe effluent. The gelatinous wastewater (GWW) contains a large fraction of protein and lipids with biodegradability (BOD/COD ratio) exceeding 0.6. Thus, it represents a promising low-cost substrate for the generation of biofuels, i.e., H2 and CH4, by the anaerobic digestion process. This review comprehensively describes the anaerobic technologies employed for simultaneous treatment and energy recovery from GWW. The emphasis was afforded on factors affecting the biofuels productivity from anaerobic digestion of GWW, i.e., protein concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), the substrate to inoculum (S0/X0) ratio, type of mixed culture anaerobes, carbohydrates concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and alkalinity/VFA ratio, and reactor configurations. Economic values and future perspectives that require more attention are also outlined to facilitate further advancement and achieve practicality in this domain.

Download Full-text

Innovative Technologies in Library Science

Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6046-5.ch014 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 178-189

Author(s):

Lesley Farmer

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Library Science ◽

Quality Information ◽

Library Of Congress ◽

High Quality ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

High Quality Information

Libraries provide physical and intellectual access to high quality information in its myriad formats. To fulfill their responsibilities, librarians have incorporated technology into most aspects of their practice. Librarians work with their communities to provide relevant resources and services. These resources are increasingly digital in format, and libraries incorporate technology to insure physical and intellectual access to them. Technology has transformed library spaces, both physical and virtual. Librarians also use technology to provide value-added content and services. The Library of Congress and OCLC exemplifies instititutions that leverage technology to provide optimum programs. This is explored in this chapter.

Download Full-text

CUSTOMS VALUE CALCULATION PROBLEMS AMID FOREIGN TRADE ACCOUNTING, TAXATION HARMONIZATION AND USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Socio World Social Research & Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.36962/swd0101202027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Mykhailo Vasyliev ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Value Added ◽

Value Added Tax ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

Current State

The article is dedicated to the research of customs value calculation problems amid foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization current state. Comparative analysis of customs value and historical costs was made. Main differences, characterizing each of the categories for its characteristics, were revealed. Measures to help improve the process of customs value calculation were offered. Ways to improve current legislation to further foreign trade accounting and taxation harmonization were defined. We suggested to use innovative technologies for solving problem. Keywords: foreign trade, customs value, customs control, customs duties, historical costs, value added tax

Download Full-text

Analysis of energy recovery potential using innovative technologies of waste gasification

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2011.07.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 640-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Lidia Lombardi ◽

Ennio Carnevale ◽

Andrea Corti

Keyword(s):

Energy Recovery ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

Recovery Potential ◽

Waste Gasification

Download Full-text

Sub-Pilot-Scale Autocatalytic Pyrolysis of Wastewater Biosolids for Enhanced Energy Recovery

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8110524 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 524 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhongzhe Liu ◽

Simcha Singer ◽

Daniel Zitomer ◽

Patrick McNamara

Keyword(s):

Energy Recovery ◽

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Product Yield ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Gas Production ◽

Mixing Condition ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Readiness Level

Improving onsite energy generation and recovering value-added products are common goals for sustainable used water reclamation. A new process called autocatalytic pyrolysis was developed at bench scale in our previous work by using biochar produced from the biosolids pyrolysis process itself as the catalyst to enhance energy recovery from wastewater biosolids. The large-scale investigation of this process was used to increase the technical readiness level. A sub-pilot-scale catalytic pyrolytic system was constructed for this scaled-up study. The effects of configuration changes in both pyrolytic and catalytic reactors were investigated as well as the effect of vapor-catalyst contact types (i.e., downstream, in-situ) on product yield and quality. The sub-pilot-scale test with downstream catalysis resulted in higher py-gas yields and lower bio-oil yields when compared to results from a previous batch, bench-scale process. In particular, the py-gas yields increased 2.5-fold and the energy contained in the py-gas approximately quadrupled compared to the control test without autocatalysis. Biochar addition to the feed biosolids before pyrolysis (in-situ catalysis) resulted in increased py-gas production, but the increase was limited. It was expected that using a higher input pyrolyzer with a better mixing condition would further improve the py-gas yield.

Download Full-text

Study on the Resource Comprehensive Utilization of Mine Solid Waste

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.586 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 599 ◽

pp. 586-591

Author(s):

Yin Liu ◽

Jun Tao Chen ◽

Shu Yang Yao ◽

Cheng Xiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Building Materials ◽

Market Competition ◽

Value Added ◽

Government Support ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Comprehensive Utilization ◽

Potential Resource ◽

Value Added Products

Mine solid waste is the great potential resource, but unreasonable resource development leads to the loss of solid waste and then does harm to environment. There are many ways of environmental management and comprehensive utilization of mine solid waste; recover useful elements, produce building materials, secondary energy recovery, fill the mine pit and collapse pit, paving, etc. However, many problems exist such as backward technology, lack of market competition due to low value-added products, government support which remains to be strengthened, less awareness of reasonable development of resources and effective environment protection, backward laws and regulations. Based on these problems, some relevant proposes were put forward.

Download Full-text

Conversion of Slaughterhouse Wastes to Solid Fuel Using Hydrothermal Carbonization

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1768

Author(s):

Jongkeun Lee ◽

Sungwan Cho ◽

Daegi Kim ◽

JunHee Ryu ◽

Kwanyong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Fuel ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Value Added ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Heating Value ◽

Energy Retention

In this study, cattle and pig slaughterhouse wastes (SHWs) were hydrothermally carbonized at 150–300 °C, and the properties of SHW-derived hydrochar were evaluated for its use as a solid fuel. The results demonstrated that increasing the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) treatment temperature improved the energy-related properties (i.e., fuel ratio, higher heating value, and coalification degree) of both the cattle and pig SHW-derived hydrochars. However, the improvements of cattle SHW-derived hydrochars were not as dramatic as that of pig SHW-derived hydrochars, due to the lipid-rich components that do not participate in the HTC reaction. In this regard, there was no merit of using HTC treatment on cattle SHW for the production of hydrochar or using the hydrochar as a solid fuel in terms of energy retention efficiency. On the other hand, a mild HTC treatment at approximately 200 °C was deemed suitable for converting pig SHW to value-added solid fuel. The findings of this study suggest that the conversion of SHWs to hydrochar using HTC can provide an environmentally benign method for waste treatment and energy recovery from abandoned biomass. However, the efficiency of energy recovery varies depending on the chemical composition of the raw feedstock.

Download Full-text

Biocrude Production via Non-Catalytic Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Fucus vesiculosus Seaweed Processing Residues

Recycling ◽

10.3390/recycling6030045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Lukas Jasiūnas ◽

Thomas Helmer Pedersen ◽

Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Cold Water ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Value Added ◽

Fucus Vesiculosus ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Alginate Extraction

The potential of using cold water brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus for biocrude production via non-catalytic supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was studied. Demineralization, residue neutralization, and high value-added product (alginate and fucoidan) extraction processes were carried out before using the biomass for HTL biocrude production. Acid leaching was carried out using three demineralization agents: distilled water, dilute citric acid solution, and the diluted acidic aqueous by-product from a continuous HTL pilot facility. Alginate was extracted via H2SO4 and NaCO3 bathing, and fucoidan was extracted using CaCl2. Experimental data show that none of the leaching agents was greatly efficient in removing inorganics, with citric acid leaching with extensive neutralization reaching the highest ash removal efficiency of 47%. The produced 6 sets of biocrudes were characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Short (10-min retention) HTL and the extent of leaching residue neutralization were also investigated. Highest biocrude yields were recorded when liquefying non-neutralized citric acid leaching, alginate, and fucoidan extraction residues. On the other hand, thermochemical conversions of short retention time HTL, full neutralization extent, and baseline (dried raw macroalgae) biomass performed worse. Specifically, the highest biocrude yield of 28.2 ± 2.5 wt.% on dry ash-free feedstock basis was recorded when liquefying alginate extraction residues. Moreover, the highest energy recovery of 52.8% was recorded when converting fucoidan extraction residues.

Download Full-text