Weed pressure and turfgrass establishment in response to mulching media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Henry ◽  
Jared Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Turfgrass Establishment

Weed Control Using an Enclosed Thermal Heating Apparatus

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Hoyle ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
J. Jack Rose
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Virginia Buttonweed ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Weed control by heat or flaming typically uses flames to burn small weeds, directed away from desired crops. This research studied an enclosed flaming system for weed control before turfgrass establishment. Field research trials were conducted to explore the efficacy of a PL-8750 flame sanitizer at two application timings. Treatments included various application methods of PL-8750 flame sanitizer and common thermal and chemical weed control methods. Data were weed control relative to the control treatment. Species evaluated included carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, goosegrass, old world diamond-flower, cocks-comb kyllinga, and yellow nutsedge. Turfgrass establishment was not successful in summer but was successful in fall. Fall-application timing trials resulted in > 60% tall fescue establishment at 6 wk after seeding (WAS) for all treatments. Summer-application timing trials resulted in unacceptable turfgrass establishment (≤ 18%) for all evaluated turfgrass species at 6 WAS. Broadleaf and grassy weeds were better controlled compared with sedge weeds. Overall, solarization; covered, emerged-weed flaming; and double applications of covered, emerged-weed flaming were the most successful treatments. Solarization controlled carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, and goosegrass > 80% at 6 WAS. Weed control across thermal treatments were equal to or greater than the comparison chemical treatment (dazomet at 389 kg ha−1). Results indicate thermal weed control has potential for reducing weed populations before turfgrass establishment.

scholarly journals Effects of Sub-Optimal Temperatures on Seed Germination of Three Warm-Season Turfgrasses with Perspectives of Cultivation in Transition Zone

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Giolo ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Giuseppe Anastasi ◽  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Andrea Onofri
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

Warm-season turfgrass species prevail in tropical and subtropical areas, but can also be grown in the transition zone. In this case, cold tolerance is a key aspect for germination and successful turfgrass establishment. The germination response to sub-optimal temperatures was investigated for Cynodon dactylon (cvs Jackpot, La Paloma, Transcontinental, Yukon, Riviera), Buchloe dactyloides (cv SWI 2000) and Paspalum vaginatum (cv Pure Dynasty). Four temperature regimes were applied, i.e., 20/30 °C, 15/25 °C, 10/20 °C and 5/15 °C, with a 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Germination assays were performed twice, with six replicates (Petri dishes) per treatment in each experiment, fifty seeds per dish. The final germinated percentages at last inspection time (FGP) were obtained for each Petri dish and processed by using a generalized linear mixed model (binomial error and logit link). Germination curves were fitted to each Petri dish by using time-to-event methods and germination rates (GR) for the 10th, 20th and 30th percentiles were derived and used to fit a linear thermal-time model. For all cultivars, FGP decreased with decreasing mean daily temperatures. Base temperatures (Tb) ranged between 11.4 °C and 17.0 °C, while the thermal time to obtain 30% germination ranged from 51.3 °C day for SWI 2000 to 144.0 °C day for Pure Dynasty. The estimated parameters were used to predict germination time in the field, considering the observed soil temperatures in Legnaro. The estimated date for the beginning of germination in the field would range from early April for SWI 2000 and Transcontinental to mid-May for Riviera. These results might be used as a practical support for planning spring sowing, which is crucial for successful turfgrass establishment, especially without irrigation.

Compost Practices for Improving Soil Properties and Turfgrass Establishment and Quality on a Disturbed Urban Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Evanylo ◽  
Shea N. Porta ◽  
Jinling Li ◽  
Dexin Shan ◽  
J. Michael Goatley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

scholarly journals Development of Paspalum accession plugs for turfgrass establishment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-366
Author(s):  
Stella Áurea Cristiane Gomes da Silva ◽  
João Carlos Cezar de Albuquerque Filho ◽  
Simone Santos Lira Silva ◽  
Ana Cecília Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Vivian Loges
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Expansion Capacity ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The selection of a genotype for lawn use must consider the plant survival rate and its soil covering ability, which is directly influenced by the growth of stolons and rhizomes. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of Paspalum accession plugs for turfgrass establishment. Plugs of six prostrate growth accessions of Paspalum lepton (PL 01), P. notatum (from PN 01 to PN 06) and Zoysia japonica (ZJ 01), which was used as the control treatment, were planted adding up to 7 treatments. At 63 days after planting, the survival rate, the number of shoots, the expansion capacity, plant height and soil coverage rate were evaluated. Moreover, at 72 days after planting, fresh and dry leaf, root, rhizome and/or stolon biomass, as well as root length were evaluated. Plugs of PL 01 presented the highest values regarding the number of shoots, the expansion capacity, soil coverage and the development of the root system with the largest biomass production. PL 01 and PN 05 along with ZJ 01 presented a high soil coverage rate and all the P. notatum (PN) accessions together with ZJ 01 maintained a lower plant height, but with a length root system higher than the control treatment ZJ 01. The P. lepton (PL 01) and P. notatum (PN 05) accessions can be recommended for turfgrass establishment using plug propagation methods.

scholarly journals Comparing Seeded Organicfiber Mat with Direct Soil Seeding for Warm-season Turfgrass Establishment

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Hensler ◽  
B.S. Baldwin ◽  
J.M. Goatley
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Viable Method

A bioorganic fiber seeding mat was compared to traditional seeding into a prepared soil to ascertain any advantages or disadvantages in turfgrass establishment between the planting methods. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) were seeded at recommended levels in May 1995 and July 1996. The seeding methods were evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Plots were periodically rated for percent turf coverage; weed counts were taken about 4 weeks after study initiation. Percent coverage ratings for all grasses tended to be higher for direct-seeded plots under irrigated conditions in both years. Bermudagrass and bahiagrass established rapidly for both planting methods under either irrigated or nonirrigated conditions. Only carpetgrass and zoysiagrass tended to have greater coverage ratings in nonirrigated, mat-seeded plots in both years, although the percent plot coverage ratings never reached the minimum desired level of 80%. In both years, weed counts in mat-seeded plots were lower than in direct-seeded plots. A bioorganic fiber seeding mat is a viable method of establishing warm-season turfgrasses, with its biggest advantage being a reduction in weed population as compared to direct seeding into a prepared soil.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN LANDSCAPE TURFGRASS ESTABLISHMENT UNDER ARID AND SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazi N. AL-KARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Semiarid Environments ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Turf grasses are considered an integral part of landscape ecological systemsworldwide which provide functional, recreational and aesthetic benefits to societyand the environment. In arid and semiarid regions (e.g., Mediterranean region),turf grass is usually grown under harsh and unfavorable growing conditions withlow rainfall and high rates of evapotranspiration as well as in soils with nutrientdeficiencies. Hence, growing turf grass in these regions becomes dependent onapplication of high levels of fertilizers as well as on excessive use of irrigationwater, resulting in an environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important that turfgrass plantations are managed in a sustainable way to reduce the impact of turfgrass cultivation on ecosystems while maintaining healthy and productive turfthrough using such practices as mycorrhizal fungi technology. The application ofmycorrhizal fungi technology is an option that can benefit both agronomic planthealth and ecosystems. Mycorrhizae confer numerous benefits to host plantsincluding improved plant growth, mineral nutrition, water uptake, tolerance todiseases and stresses such as drought and salinity. The aims of this paper were toreview how mycorrhizal fungi might play a role in enhancing landscape turfestablishment and productivity in arid and semiarid regions and to evaluate theeffectiveness of application of commercial mycorrhizal inoculum to enhance plantgrowth and survival under field conditions. Field experiment was conducted tostudy the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi inoculation on water useefficiency and establishment of a landscape turf. The results showed that turf grassinoculated with AM fungi used water more efficiently, established lawn morequickly and had more biomass than uninoculated turf grass. The conclusions of thispaper indicated the potential of mycorrhiza inoculation in improving the fastestablishment of turf landscape plants under arid and semiarid environments.

scholarly journals Low-dose Application of Nonionic Alkyl Terminated Block Copolymer Surfactant Enhances Turfgrass Seed Germination and Plant Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Madsen ◽  
Michael A. Fidanza ◽  
Nicholas S. Barney ◽  
Stanley J. Kostka ◽  
Turmandakh Badrakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

Rapid seed germination and vigorous seedling growth are desired when establishing turfgrass lawns from seed. Low-dose concentrations of nonionic, block copolymer surfactants can have a direct effect on plant physiological functions and growth. The objectives were to determine if a low-dose application of a nonionic alkyl ended block copolymer surfactant applied directly to the seed, within a film coating, would 1) influence speed, synchrony, and final germination percentage (FGP), and 2) enhance seedling emergence and the speed of turfgrass establishment under deficit irrigation. Tests were performed with tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Surfactant was applied directly to the seed using a rotary seedcoater at 0.1% by weight of seed. In the first experiment, germination was compared between seeds with a surfactant film coating (SFC) and untreated seeds in growth chambers at three different constant temperatures (10, 20, and 30 °C). For both species, the SFC decreased the time for seed germination, and improved germination synchrony, with the greatest treatment response at 10 and 30 °C compared with untreated seed. Application of a SFC did not influence FGP. In the second experiment, untreated and treated seed were compared in a grow-room study, with pots watered weekly to 70% of field capacity (FC). Perennial ryegrass density, cover, and aboveground biomass from the SFC were ≈47%, 48%, and 46% greater than untreated seed, respectively. Tall fescue density, cover, and aboveground biomass from the SFC seeds were ≈22%, 23%, and 28% greater than untreated seed, respectively. Overall these studies demonstrate that SFC can promote seed germination and also enhance turfgrass establishment under deficit irrigation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides for Controlling Common Purslane

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Proctor ◽  
Zachary J. Reicher
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) can be problematic in thin turf, along sidewalks and drives, and especially during turfgrass establishment. Little published research exists evaluating herbicides that will control purslane and are also labeled for turfgrass. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) herbicides labeled for use in turf for controlling purslane. Experiments were conducted once in 2011 and twice in 2012 to evaluate nine PRE herbicides at one-half maximum and maximum label rates applied over immature perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The PRE herbicides isoxaben and simazine consistently resulted in the best purslane control for all three PRE experiments. Experiments in 2011 and 2012 evaluated 25 POST herbicides at full label rates applied to mature purslane plants. The POST herbicides fluroxypyr, triclopyr, and metsulfuron-methyl were most effective in controlling purslane.

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