Comparing Seeded Organicfiber Mat with Direct Soil Seeding for Warm-season Turfgrass Establishment

A bioorganic fiber seeding mat was compared to traditional seeding into a prepared soil to ascertain any advantages or disadvantages in turfgrass establishment between the planting methods. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) were seeded at recommended levels in May 1995 and July 1996. The seeding methods were evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Plots were periodically rated for percent turf coverage; weed counts were taken about 4 weeks after study initiation. Percent coverage ratings for all grasses tended to be higher for direct-seeded plots under irrigated conditions in both years. Bermudagrass and bahiagrass established rapidly for both planting methods under either irrigated or nonirrigated conditions. Only carpetgrass and zoysiagrass tended to have greater coverage ratings in nonirrigated, mat-seeded plots in both years, although the percent plot coverage ratings never reached the minimum desired level of 80%. In both years, weed counts in mat-seeded plots were lower than in direct-seeded plots. A bioorganic fiber seeding mat is a viable method of establishing warm-season turfgrasses, with its biggest advantage being a reduction in weed population as compared to direct seeding into a prepared soil.

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Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04246 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. M. Menzel ◽

P. Broomhall

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Sensitive Species ◽

Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides

The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8–3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45–0.36%), K (2.4–1.5%), S (0.35–0.25%), Mg (0.24–0.18%) and B (9–6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0–27.0; P, 1.6–4.0; K, 8.2–19.8; S, 1.0–4.2; Ca, 1.1–3.3; and Mg, 0.8–2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14–38% for N, 5–13% for P, 10–24% for K, 2–9% for S, 4–11% for Ca and 11–30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.

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Germination Characteristics of Three Warm-season Turfgrasses Subjected to Matriconditioning and Aging

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.17.4.480 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 480-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gokhan Hacisalihoglu

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Warm Season ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Aging Treatment ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Germination Time ◽

Germination Characteristics ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Many warm-season turfgrass seeds have relatively poor germination percentages. Matriconditioning is a seed enhancement technique with a solid carrier and may be a practical solution to improve the germination characteristics of warm-season turfgrass. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matriconditioning on three nonaged and aged turfgrass cultivars: ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), ‘Princess’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and ‘Common’ centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides). Seeds were matriconditioned with a synthetic calcium silicate (MicroCel E) as a carrier and water at 30 °C for 5 days. Seed, carrier, and water ratio was 1 g, 0.5 g, and 1.5 mL, respectively. Matriconditioning increased final germination to 55% (bahiagrass), 90% (bermudagrass), and 70% (centipedegrass) compared with 92% in nontreated control seeds. Furthermore, matriconditioning decreased mean germination time 20% to 65% in all seeds compared with the nontreated control. Accelerated aging was induced by storing seeds for 0, 7, and 14 days at 42 °C and 95% relative humidity. Germination percentage decreased and mean germination time increased with the aging, especially after 14 days of aging treatment. These results suggest that matriconditioning is an effective technique to improve turfgrass seed performance.

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Effects of Sub-Optimal Temperatures on Seed Germination of Three Warm-Season Turfgrasses with Perspectives of Cultivation in Transition Zone

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maurizio Giolo ◽

Paolo Benincasa ◽

Giuseppe Anastasi ◽

Stefano Macolino ◽

Andrea Onofri

Keyword(s):

Transition Zone ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Warm Season ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Thermal Time ◽

Inspection Time ◽

Time Model ◽

Turfgrass Establishment

Warm-season turfgrass species prevail in tropical and subtropical areas, but can also be grown in the transition zone. In this case, cold tolerance is a key aspect for germination and successful turfgrass establishment. The germination response to sub-optimal temperatures was investigated for Cynodon dactylon (cvs Jackpot, La Paloma, Transcontinental, Yukon, Riviera), Buchloe dactyloides (cv SWI 2000) and Paspalum vaginatum (cv Pure Dynasty). Four temperature regimes were applied, i.e., 20/30 °C, 15/25 °C, 10/20 °C and 5/15 °C, with a 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Germination assays were performed twice, with six replicates (Petri dishes) per treatment in each experiment, fifty seeds per dish. The final germinated percentages at last inspection time (FGP) were obtained for each Petri dish and processed by using a generalized linear mixed model (binomial error and logit link). Germination curves were fitted to each Petri dish by using time-to-event methods and germination rates (GR) for the 10th, 20th and 30th percentiles were derived and used to fit a linear thermal-time model. For all cultivars, FGP decreased with decreasing mean daily temperatures. Base temperatures (Tb) ranged between 11.4 °C and 17.0 °C, while the thermal time to obtain 30% germination ranged from 51.3 °C day for SWI 2000 to 144.0 °C day for Pure Dynasty. The estimated parameters were used to predict germination time in the field, considering the observed soil temperatures in Legnaro. The estimated date for the beginning of germination in the field would range from early April for SWI 2000 and Transcontinental to mid-May for Riviera. These results might be used as a practical support for planning spring sowing, which is crucial for successful turfgrass establishment, especially without irrigation.

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Sulfometuron for Eliminating Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) From Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0003267x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 509-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wayne W. Hanna ◽

Charles W. Swann ◽

Jill Schroeder ◽

Phil R. Utley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Coastal Bermudagrass ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides

This study was conducted to determine if ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, a major weed in turf and pastures in the southeastern United States, could be eliminated selectively from centipedegrass and ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass turf and a ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass pasture by treating with sulfometuron. Established Pensacola bahiagrass usually was controlled satisfactorily in Tifway bermudagrass and centipedegrass turf and in a Coastal bermudagrass pasture with sulfometuron at 210, 160, 105 g ai/ha applied twice, respectively. Bahiagrass seedlings were eliminated from both newly planted centipedegrass and Tifway bermudagrass turf with 105 g/ha sulfometuron applied once.

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Effects of Topramezone and Bispyribac-sodium in Irrigation Water on Warm-season Turfgrasses

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03787-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 599-606

Author(s):

William T. Haller ◽

Lyn A. Gettys ◽

Taizo Uchida

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Warm Season ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Primary Target ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Herbicide Concentration

Topramezone and bispyribac-sodium were registered for aquatic weed control in the last decade. A primary target for these products is fluridone-resistant hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), which is one of the most invasive submersed weeds in the southeastern United States. Both products have water use restrictions that prohibit irrigation of turfgrasses with treated waters until the herbicides have degraded to very low concentrations. The objective of these studies was to identify the concentrations of topramezone and bispyribac-sodium that are phytotoxic to turfgrasses that are commonly planted in Florida. Three species of turfgrass were irrigated twice weekly with 0.5 inch of treated water for 4 weeks (eight irrigations total). Cumulative EC10 values (the herbicide concentration that caused a 10% reduction in biomass compared with untreated control plants) after eight irrigations with water containing topramezone were 3.5, 4.3, and 17 ppb for ‘Palmetto’ st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and ‘Tifway 419’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis), respectively. Bispyribac-sodium was less toxic to all turfgrasses evaluated, with EC10 values of 56, 16, and >800 ppb for ‘Palmetto’ st. augustinegrass, ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, and ‘Tifway 419’ hybrid bermudagrass, respectively. These results support label instructions and highlight the need to comply with irrigation restrictions because the typical use concentrations for submersed weed control with topramezone and bispyribac-sodium are in the 20–40-ppb range.

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Cover Technology Influences Warm-season Grass Establishment from Seed

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.20.1.153 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aaron J. Patton ◽

Jon M. Trappe ◽

Michael D. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Warm Season ◽

Buchloe Dactyloides ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Warm Season Grass ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽

Grass Establishment ◽

Warm Season Grasses

Covers, mulches, and erosion-control blankets are often used to establish turf. There are reports of various effects of seed cover technology on the germination and establishment of warm-season grasses. The objective of this study was to determine how diverse cover technologies influence the establishment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) from seed. Plots were seeded in June 2007 or July 2008 with the various turfgrass species and covered with cover technologies, including Curlex, Deluxe, and Futerra products, jute, Poly Jute, polypropylene, straw, straw blanket, Thermal blanket, and the control. Establishment was reduced in straw- and polyethylene-covered plots due to decreased photosythentically active radiation penetration or excessive temperature build-up, respectively. Overall, Deluxe and Futerra products, jute, and Poly Jute allowed for the highest establishment of these seeded warm-season grasses.

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Effects of supplement or fertiliser on forage quality, and performance of stocker cattle grazing warm-season pastures

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15197 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. D. Rivera ◽

M. L. Gipson ◽

R. G. Gipson ◽

R. W. Lemus

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Warm Season ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Experimental Unit

Crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) beef steers (BW = 232.8 ± 14.6 kg; n = 90) were used over 3 years to examine the efficacy of N fertiliser compared with feed supplementation on forage quality, and animal production. Each year a new group of steers were weighed (unshrunk), and assigned to graze mixed warm-season perennial pastures (Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum notatum Flugge). Paddocks were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no fertiliser and no supplement (NONE); supplement of 1.1 kg of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) per steer (DM basis) and no fertiliser (DDGS); or fertiliser (134 kg/ha of N applied in split applications) and no supplement (FERT). Cattle were individually weighed at Days 0, 56, 84, and at Day 126, Day 140, Day 93 for Years 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Data were analysed as a mixed model, treatment being used as a fixed effect, year and block as random effects and pasture as the experimental unit. No differences were noted in BW at any point of the study. Greater total average daily gain (ADG) for the grazing period was noted with FERT and DDGS having greatest ADG compared with NONE. Input costs differed (P = 0.001) among all treatments with FERT having the highest input costs, followed by DDGS and NONE. A tendency (P = 0.11) for lowest return was noted with steers in the FERT group returning the least amount of money. No differences (P > 0.10) were noted in forage biomass (kg/ha) at any point of the study. At Day 56, FERT had least ADF (P = 0.03), greatest (P = 0.01) crude protein, and the greatest (P = 0.01) total digestible nutrients (TDN) compared with DDGS and NONE. At Day 84, similar effects existed with FERT having greater crude protein and TDN compared with DDGS and NONE (P ≤ 0.04). No effects (P > 0.10) existed for the last day of sampling for ADF and TDN, however there was a tendency increase in final crude protein (P = 0.07) associated with FERT and DDGS compared with NONE. Results indicate that similar beef cattle performance might be expected if either DDGS or FERT were used, with FERT increasing forage quality at variable points within the study.

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Photosynthesis as an Index of Turfgrass Growth Following Application of Herbicides

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.4.451 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 451-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T.R. Willard ◽

C.M. Peacock ◽

D.G. Shilling

Keyword(s):

Butyl Ester ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽

Relative Susceptibility ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides

The effects of sethoxydim, cloproxydim, and fluazifop on photosynthesis and growth of St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze `Floralawn'], bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum var. saurae Parodi `Pensacola'), and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.] were evaluated to determine if photosynthesis could be used as a rapid, nondestructive measure of relative susceptibility. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted using infrared CO2 analysis to estimate photosynthesis. Under field conditions, St. Augustinegrass was susceptible to sethoxydim and fluazifop applications, as indicated by a 40% and 38% reduction in apparent photosynthesis, respectively. Bahiagrass incurred a respective 62% and 51% reduction in apparent photosynthesis from sethoxydim and fluazifop application. Growth of these species, as measured by foliage dry weight, was also inhibited by both herbicides. Centipedegrass growth was unaffected by sethoxydim, but was reduced 48% by fluazifop. Under greenhouse conditions, centipedegrass apparent photosynthesis was reduced by sethoxydim and cloproxydim (41% and 51%, respectively), while fluazifop caused a 71% reduction. Growth of centipedegrass was significantly reduced only by fluazifop (83%). These studies indicated that in vivo photosynthetic measurements may provide a sensitive, rapid, and nondestructive method for determining the susceptibility of turfgrasses to postemergence grass herbicides. chemical names used: 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (sethoxydim); (E,E) -2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl) oxy]imino]butyl] -5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (cloproxydim); and butyl ester of 2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-propanoate(fluazifop).

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Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control with Imazaquin in Warm-Season Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060811 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 691-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Euel Coats ◽

Roni F. Munoz ◽

Doug H. Anderson ◽

David C. Heering ◽

Jim W. Scruggs

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Warm Season ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽

Monosodium Salt ◽

Methylarsonic Acid ◽

Common Bermudagrass ◽

Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Postemergence applications of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} controlled higher levels of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] and hybrid bermudagrass (′Tifgreen’ and ‘Tifdwarf′,C. dactylon×C. transvaalensisBurtt-Davy) than monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA). Control was better at 560 or 840 g ai/ha of imazaquin than at lower rates. Postemergence applications of imazaquin plus 2240 g ai/ha of MSMA controlled more purple nutsedge than equivalent rates of imazaquin alone. Preemergence applications of imazaquin were not effective. Bermudagrass discoloration was observed in some experiments on turfs mowed at a height of 1.3 cm or less but usually disappeared within 2 to 3 weeks, especially when MSMA was used in combination with imazaquin. No injury was observed on bermudagrasses, zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud. ‘Meyer′), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Ktze. ‘Raleigh′], and centipedegrass [Erernochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] maintained at mowing heights above 1.3 cm.

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Kenaf-based Fiber Mat as a Substrate for Establishing Soilless Sod

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.8.2.171 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K.L. Hensler ◽

B.S. Baldwin ◽

J.M. Goatley

Keyword(s):

Mineral Soil ◽

Warm Season ◽

Planting Date ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Fiber Mats ◽

Organic Fiber ◽

Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽

Black Plastic

A truly soilless turfgrass sod may be produced on kenaf-based (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fiber mat that offers the integrity of field-cut sod without the use of mineral soil growing medium. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of producing warm-season turfgrass sod on such a biodegradable organic mat. Seeded turfgrass plots contained 4.9 lb/1000 ft2 (24 g.m−2) of pure live seed planted on a 66-lb/1000 ft2 (325-g.m−2) organic fiber mat carrier placed atop either 66- or 132-lb/1000 ft2 (325- or 650-g.m−2) organic fiber mats. In an experiment using vegetative material, stolons were applied at rates of 16.4 ft3/1000 ft2 (0.82 L.m−2) over 132- or 198-lb/1000 ft2 (650- or 975-g.m−2) organic fiber mats and covered with a rayon scrim. All plots were placed on 6-mil black plastic. Nitrogen was applied at 0.9 lb/1000 ft2 (4.4 g.m−2) weekly in addition to a monthly micronutrient application. Bermudagrass (Cynodon σππ.) had quicker establishment than other grasses in the study, with stolonized and seeded plots achieving ≈100% coverage by 9 weeks in 1995 and 6 weeks in 1996, respectively. By 15 weeks after planting in 1995, the plot coverage ratings for seeded centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. `Common'] and all stolonized grass plots of centipedegrass, zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud. `Meyer'), and St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze `Raleigh'] were 91% or higher. The results were much less favorable in 1996 than 1995 due to a later planting date and an irrigation failure.

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